TRUMPET. 



When the found of the trumpet is well managed, it is of oftaves, which is the limit of the ufual keys of fpinnets and 



a great compafs. Indeed its extent is not ftriftly determin- organs. 



able ; fince it reaches as high as the ftrength of tlie breath The ufual founds of the trmjipet are reprefented by tlic 



can force it. A good breath will carry it beyond four following mufical notes. 



I i 3—1 



/ , '4 i! _i|__ There is an F* In the coiimoii tnimpct unnoticed 

 ■I Dr5 bo P in this Scale. 



p_p-p--.pjpp£g : 



-*B- 



i 



Here the loudeft found being denoted by I, the pitch of 

 the reft, or the number of their refpeftive vibrations, during 

 the time that C vibrates once, will be exprefTcd by the 

 numbers denoting the order of their founds, 2, 3, 4, 5, &c. 

 The founds exprefled by the mufical numbers, tliat is, by 

 2, 3, 5, and their compofites, which are 4,. 6, 8, 9, 10, 

 12, 15, 16, are all perfeSly in tune; but the founds ex- 

 prefled by numbers not mufical, as 7, 11, 13, 14, are falfe. 

 Three of thefe, w's. Bb, its oftave, and A, dillinguiihcd 

 by f placed over them, are too flat ; and the remaining 

 note F, marked with an S, is too ftiarp. See Musical 

 Numlsrs. 



The reafon of whicli is, that Bb ought to be atone 

 major below C : that is, its pitch to that of C will be as 8 

 to 9 ; but the proportion given by the trumpet is as 7 to 8 ; 

 which being a lefs proportion than that of 8 to 9, it follows 

 that B b will be too flat. The fame holds true of its oftave. 

 And A being a tone minor above G, it ought to be to G 

 as 10 to 9 : but in the trumpet, it is to G as 13 to 12 ; 

 which being lefs than tJie proportion of 10 to 9, it follows 

 that A will be too flat. On the other hand, F ought to be 

 a femitone major above E ; that is, F ought to be to E as 

 16 to 15 ; but in the trumpet, F is to E as 1 1 to 10 ; wliich 

 being a greater proportion than that of 16 to IJ, it follows 

 that F is too high or too fliarp. 



This fyfl;em of trumpet-notes is an efl'eftual confutation of 

 thofe who are for introducing 7, II, 13, and other primes 

 into mufic. 



In War there are eight principal manners of founding the 

 trumpet : the firfl;, called the cavalquet, ufed when an army 

 approaches a city, or pafl'es through it in a march. The 

 fecond the bout-felk, ufed when the army is to decamp, or 

 march ; at which time the drums beat a general, when the 

 troopers boot, faddle, and get ready. The third is when 

 they found to horfe, when the ajfembly begins to beat, on 

 which the troopers mount ; and then to the fl;andard. The 

 fourth is the charge, in the day of battle. The fifth the 

 •watch. The fixth is called the double cavalquet. The 

 feventh the chamade : and the eighth the retreat. Befides 

 thefe, there are various flourifhes, voluntaries, &c. ufed in 

 rejoicings. 



There are alfo people who blow the trumpet fo foftly, 

 and draw lo dehcate a found from it, that it is ufed not only 

 in church-mufic, but even in chamber-mufic ; and it is on 

 this account, that, in the Itahan and German mufic, we 

 frequently find parts entitled tromba prima, or la, firfl; 

 trumpet; tromba \U, fegotida Ilia, terza, fecond, third 

 trumpet, &c. as being intended to be played with trumpets. 

 There ar^e two very great defefts in the trumpet, obferved 

 by Mr. Roberts, in the Philofophical Tranfadionsfor 1692, 

 N° 195. The firft is, that it will only perform certain notes 

 within its compafs, commonly called trumpet -notes ; the fe- 

 cond, that though its ordinary compafs is from double 

 C-Ja-ut to C-Jol-fa in ak., yet there are four notes, the 7th, 



nth, 13th, and 14th, in this progredion, -viz. 'Bb,/, aa, 

 and b b, which are not exaft in tunc. The fame defefts are 

 found in the trumpet -marine ; and the reafon is the fame in 

 both. Phil. Tranf. Abr. vol. i. p. 607. 



'Vv^vuvEY- Marine, is a mufical inftrument, confifting of 

 three tables, which form its triangular body. It has a very 

 long neck with one fingle ft;ring, very thick, mounted on a 

 bridge, which is firm on one fide, but tremulous on the 

 other. It is ilruck by a bow with one hand, and with the 

 other the firing is preffed or flopped on the neck by the 

 thumb. Plate XXIV. Mifcelhny, fig. 4. 



It is the trembhng of the bridge, when ftruck, that 

 makes it imitate the found of a trumpet, which it does to 

 that perfeftion, that it is fcarcely poflible to diftinguifli the 

 one from the other. And this is what has given it the de- 

 nomination of trumpet-marine, though, in propriety, it be 

 a kind of monochord. Of the fix divifions marked in the 

 neck of the inftrument ; the firft makos a fifth with the 

 open chord, the fecond an oftave, and fo on for the reft, 

 correfponding with the intervals of the military trumpet. 



The trumpet-marine has the fame defefts with the trum- 

 pet, ij/a. that it jterforms none but trumpet-notes, and 

 fome of thofe either too flat or too fliarp. This Mr. Fr. 

 Roberts [ubi fupra) accounts for, only premifing the com- 

 mon obfervation of two unifon ftrings ; that if one be ftruck, 

 tlie other will move : the impulfes made on the air by one 

 ftring fetting another in motion, which hes in a difpofiliou 

 to have its vibrations fynchronous to them ; to which it may 

 be added, that a ftring will move, not only at the ftriking 

 of an unifon, but alfo of that of an 8th or 12th ; there being 

 no contrariety in the motions to hinder each other. 



Now in the trumpet-marine you do not ftop clofe, as in 

 other inftruments, but touch the ftring geritly with your 

 thumb, by which tliere is a mutual concurrence of tlie upper 

 and lower part of the ftring to produce the found. Hence 

 it is concluded, that the trumpet-marine yields no mufical 

 found, but when the ftop makes the upper part of the ftring 

 an aliquot part of the remainder, and confequently of the 

 whole ; otherwife tlie vibrations of the parts will flop one 

 another, and make a found fuitable to their motion, alto- 

 gether confufcd. Now the aliquot parts, he fliews, arc the 

 very flops which produce the trumpet-notes. 



Trumpet, HarmonicaJ, is an inftrument which imitates 

 the found of a trumpet, and wliich refembles it in every 

 thing, excepting that it is longer, and eonfifts of more 

 branches. It is ufually called a fackbut. 



Trumpet, Lijknir.g or Hearing, is an inftrument mvented 

 by Jofeph Landini, to aflift tiie ear in hearing of pcrfons 

 who fpcak at a great diftance, without the afliftance of any 

 fpeaklng-trumpet. ■wtti mr 



' Inftruments of this kind, reprefented m P/a/f XXIV. MiJ- 

 "ecUany,figs. 5. and 6. are formed of hollow conical tubes from 

 eight to fixteen inches in length, with a wide mouth from about 

 two to four- inches in diameter, and terminating in a Imall 

 X X 2 canal, 



