T R U 



T R U 



are eleven fpecies ; and of thofe with lefs ereft claNncles, and 

 crooked roftra, there are alfo eleven fpecies. 



It appears from the writings of the ancients, that the 

 famous purple dye, which they obtained from a (hell-firti, 

 was not pecidiar to any one fpecies ; but was found in feve- 

 ral of the fmaller kinds of buccina ; fome of which they 

 called murices, from the hollow fpines, or long and flender 

 procefles, which run in different direftions from their (hells. 

 See Purpura. 



M. Reaumur, when on the coafts of Poitou, found cer- 

 tain eggs of fiihes arranged in regular order, and in great 

 numbers, on the rocks and failed banks, which had the 

 fame property \vith the purple-dyeing liquor of the bucci- 

 num ; it is not yet known to what particular filh they be- 

 long, or what ufes they may hereafter be brought to ferve. 

 Mem. Acad. Par. 171 1. 



Pliny feems to derive the name buccinum from biicc'ma, a 

 kind of mufical inilrument ; but it is more probable that 

 inftrument took its name from the fhell to which it bore re- 

 femblance, and of which it might probably have been an- 

 ciently made. Phn. Hift. Nat. lib. ix. cap. 36. Phil. 

 Tranf. N^ 282. p. 1277. 



Buccinum lapidofum is a figured ftone, fhaped like the 

 former, and probably only a petrifaftion of the fhell above- 

 mentioned. 



Ray fpeaks of a buccinum which was not only petrified, 

 but after petrifaction was converted into a pyrites. 



TRUMPETER, in Ornithology, a name given in Eng- 

 land to a particular fpecies of pigeon, called by Moore the 

 columba tiblcen. 



This fpecies is of the middle iize of the common pigeon, 

 and made confiderably like it ; but it is pearly-eyed ; is of a 

 mottled black, is feathered down the legs and feet, and 

 is turn<rowned like the nun, and fome of the other fpecies ; 

 fometimes like the finnikin, but much larger : this feems to 

 be the beft fort, as being the moft melodious. The befl 

 charadler to know them by, is a tuft of feathers growing at 

 the root of the beak ; and the larger this tuft is, the more 

 they are efleemed ; the rcafon of their name is, that they 

 imitate in their cooing the found of the trumpet ; but to be 

 often entertained with their melody, it is necelfary to feed 

 them frequently with hemp-feed. Moore's Columbarium, 

 p. 45. 



Trumpeter is alfo a name given by Mr. Pennant to the 

 pfophia of Linna:us ; becaufe it makes a ftrong noife with 

 its mouth, which it anfwers by a different noife from its 

 belly, as if it came from the anus. 



Trumpeter, in a Man of War, one whofe office is al- 

 ways to attend the captain's conimand, and be ready at the 

 entertainment of ftrangers, In the time of an engagement 

 his proper ftation is on the poop. 



TRIJN, m Geography, a town of France, in the depart- 

 ment of the Orne ; 7 miles N.N.E. of Argentan. 



TRUNCATED Leaf, among Botanlfls. See Leaf. 



Truncated Pyramid, or Cone, is one whofe top or ver- 

 tex is cut off by a plane parallel to its bafe. See Pyra- 

 mid and Cone. 



The word is formed of the Latin truneare, to cut off a 

 part from the whole; wlience alfo iruncus, truncheon. Sec. 

 In Heraldry, they fay Iruiiicd. 



A truncated cone, or the fruflum of that body, is fome- 

 times alfo called a curty-cone. See Frustum. See alfo 

 Gauging. 



Truncated Roof. See Roof. 



TRUNCHEON, of the French troncon, and the Latin 

 truncus, a battoon ; or a kmd of fliort ftaff ufed by kings, 



generals, and great officers, as a mark of their com- 

 mand. See Battoon. 



In our military language, it denotes a ftaff of command 

 borne by a general officer. 



Truncheons, Columns In. See Column. 



TRUNDLE, in Rural Economy, a fort of fmall framed 

 contrivance with two handles at one end, and two low 

 wheels at the other, which is trundled before the perfon 

 ufing it. It is found convenient in conveying many forts of 

 weighty matters that are in fmall bulks. 



TRUNDLE-5/ja/, is an iron fhot about feventeen inches 

 long, (harp-pointed at both ends, with a round bowl of 

 lead caft upon it, about an hand-breadth from each end. 



TRUNGIBIN, in Natural Hfiory, a name given by 

 Rauwolf, Tournefort, and others, to a fort of manna col- 

 lefted from the alhagi maurorum, as the common matma is 

 from the afh ; and ufed in the eaftern parts of the world as 

 a purge. It is what we call the manna Perjlcum, and though 

 in itfelf a very fine and clean kind of manna, yet it is ufually 

 fo carelefsly coUefted, and mixed with fo much filth, that 

 it requires to be given in three times the dofe of our's in 

 order to purge. The name feems very evidently to be a 

 corruption of terenlabtn or terenjahln of the Arabians, which 

 was the word ufed by all their authors to exprefs the manna 

 Perficum. 



'I'RUNK, a ftrong cheft or box of a roundifh form, at 

 leaft on the upper fide. 



Trunk, in Anatomy, is ufed for the bufto of the human 

 body, exclufive of the head and limbs. 



The trunk is divided into three parts ; -viz. one common, 

 called the fplne, and two proper, i>is;. the thorax or breafi, 

 and the pehls ; which fee refpeftively. 



Trunk, Truncus, is alfo ufed for the main body of an ar- 

 tery or vein, in contradillinftion to the branches and ramifi- 

 cations of it. 



The word is particularly applied to certain parts of the 

 aorta and cava. 



Trunk, in Jrchtte3ure, is ufed for the fuft or (haft of a 

 column. Alfo for that part of the pedeftal between the 

 bafe and the cornice, otherwife called the dye. 



Trunk, in Gardening and Planting, the common name of 

 the boll, body, or principal ftem in all plants of the tree-kind, 

 and of the (lalk in thofe of all the other forts. It is that 

 part which rifes immediately from the root, and is properly 

 the ftock or chief body of the plant or vegetable from 

 the root of which it proceeds, and which ramifies itfelf 

 into the various boughs, branches, buds, leaves, flowers, 

 and fruit which contribute to it, and are the produdlion 

 of it. 



The trunks of moft trees, and fome other kinds of plants, 

 are of a hard ligneous nature, but in others foft, and in the 

 former are conftituted of feveral different original parts, fucli 

 as an outermoft coat or thin layer of hard matter of a iibrous 

 quality, the fibres crofTmg each other in all diredions ; and 

 the texture of which in fome cafes is fo very thin and clear, 

 that the direftion or net-work of them can be feen by hold- 

 ing the fubftance up againft the light. The ufe of this 

 finely woven tunic or coat is that of defending the true bark 

 of the trunk, or the layer which lies immediately below or 

 underneath it, from the aftion and injurious effeCf s of the 

 atmofpheric air ; the protecting and keeping open, by its 

 callous nature, the fine pores of the exhaling and inhahng 

 fyftems of vefTels ; the modifying the various impreffions 

 which are made by external objefts upon the plant or vege- 

 table ; the fecnring and giving proteftion to the extreme 

 ramifications of the aerial or aqueous vcfTcls ; and tlie covering 



of 



