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ever, we rauft refer to Mr. Salmon's Mechanical Analyfis 

 of Trufles. 



Fig. 8. a trufs for a navel-rupture, invented by the late 

 Mr. Marrifon, of Leeds. It confifts of two pieces of thin 

 elaftic fteel, which furround the fides of the abdomen, and 

 nearly meet behind. At their anterior extremity they form 

 conjointly an oval ring, to one fide of which is faftened a 

 fpring of fteel, of the form reprefented. At the end of 

 this fpring is placed the pad, or bolfter, that prelfes upon 

 the hernia. By the elafticity of this fpring, the hernia is 

 reprefled in every pofition of the body, and is thereby con- 

 ftantly retained within the abdomen. A piece of calico, or 

 jean, is faftened to each fide of the oval ring, having a con- 

 tinued loop at its edge, througli which a piece of tape is 

 put, that may be tied behind the body. 



When there is a great projection of tlic abdomen below 

 the navel, as is often the cafe in women who have borne 

 many children, the oval ring (efpecially if made wide) is 

 thrown into an obhque direftion, and then does not give the 

 pad fo true a bearing upon the hernia. To prevent this in- 

 convenience, Mr. Marrifon made the lower bow of the ring 

 to project more than the upper one ; and inftead of the ca- 

 lico flcirt furrounding the ring, he ufed a belt faftened to 

 the lower bow only, as is ,reprefented in Mr. A. Cooper's 

 work on hernia, part ii. plate 9. fig. 6. 



Afterwards Mr. Marrifon ufually made his trufles with 

 the lower bow of the ring only ; forming this to prejeft 

 fo as to fuit the pendulous ftate of the abdomen. To 

 the round end of the fpring, which fupports the pad, he 

 affixed a ftrap, in which were contained fpiral wires, for the 

 purpofe of regulating the degree of preiTure upon the hernia. 

 In a flat abdomen he inverted the pofition of the trufs, di- 

 refting the bow to be placed above the navel. 



Fig. 9. reprefents a new trufs for a navel or ventral 

 rupture, invented by James Eagland, trufs-maker at Leeds. 

 The trufs confifts of two femicircular bows of fteel ; each 

 of which, at its anterior extremity, is faftened by a diftinft 

 brafs hinge, placed vertically, to the outer fide of an inter- 

 mediate plate of block-tin. This plate is fomewhat con- 

 cave on its inner fide. The concavity is filled wnth a piece 

 of blanket, which is covered with leather. This lining 

 caufes the leather covering to projeft a little ; but in fo 

 fmall a degree, that when the concave fide of the plate is ap- 

 plied to the abdomen, the preflure of the bows brings the 

 rim of the plate, in every part of its circumference, into 

 contatl with the fliin. 



The pofterior part of each bow, for about an inch and a 

 half from its extremity, is turned backward, fo as to form 

 a flat furface, where it refts upon the back of the patient. 

 To the inner fide of this flattened part is fewed a foft 

 leather cuftiion, Uned with blanket, to prevent the patient 

 from being hurt by the ends of the bows. 



A ftrap of leather is fewed to the covering of the trufs, 

 near the pofterior end of one bow ; and a buckle is fixed, 

 in like manner, near the end of the oppofite bow, but reft- 

 ing upon it. By means of this ftrap, the patient can keep 

 the ends of the bows fteady, without being hurt by the 

 buckle. See Hey's Praftical Obfervations in Surgery. 



Fig. 10. fliews a back view of Eagland's navel trufs, 

 and of Salmon's patent inguinal trufs, applied. 



Fig. 1 1 . reprefents a front view of the fame inftruments 

 applied. 



Befides trufles for ruptures, there are alfo trufles for an- 

 other purpofe, namely, fupporting the fcrotum in cafes of 

 hydrocele, inflamed tefticle, fai-cocele, &c. Thefe laft are 

 commonly called bag-truflTes, or fufpenfory bandages. In 

 faft, they fimply confift of a linen bag, for the reception 



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of the fcrotura, and of a girt which goes round the body, 

 and to vrhich the bag-part of the trufs is faftened by means 

 of httle hooks, fo as to afford the requifite degree of fup- 

 port to the fcrotum. Many perfons who Imnt, and are ac- 

 cuftomed to take violent horfe-exercife, make ufe of bag- 

 trufles, in order to keep the fcrotum from being hurt by 

 contufions againft the pummel of the faddle. 



Truss, in a Ship, a machine employed to pull a yard 

 liome to its refpeftive mart, and retain it firmly in that 

 pofition. As the trufs is generally ufed inftead of a parrel, 

 it is rarely employed, except in flying top-gallant-fails, which 

 are never furiiiflied with parrels. It is no other than a ring 

 or traveller, which encircles the maft, and has a rope faften- 

 ed to its after-part, leading downward to the top or decks ; 

 by means of which the trufs may be ftraightened or flacken- 

 ed at pleafure. The haliards of the top-gallant-fail being 

 paifed through this ring, and the fail being hoifted up to 

 its utmoft extent, it is evident that the yard will be drawn 

 clofe to the maft, by pulling down the trufs clofe to the 

 upper part of the fail. For, without the trufs, the fail and 

 its yard would be blown from the maft, fo as to fwing about 

 by the aftion of the wind, and the rocking of the veflel ; 

 unlefs the yard were hoifted clofe up to the pulley in 

 which the haliards run ; which feldom is the cafe in flying 

 top-gallant-fails, becaufe they are ufually much fhallotrer 

 than thofe which are fixed or ftanding. Falconer. 



Trusses, ftiort pieces of ornamental carved work, moftly 

 in fmall fliips fitted under the taffarel, in the fame manner as 

 the terni'pieces. 



TRVss-Parrel. See Parrel. 

 TRvss-Peritiants. See Pendants. 

 "TRL'ss-Tariles. See Tackle. 



TRUSSED, in the Manege. A horfe is faid to be 

 •well-ti-ujfed, in French bien gigote, when his thighs are large, 

 and proportioned to the roundnefs of the croupe. On the 

 contrary', a horfe with thin thighs, that bear no proportion 

 to the breadth of the croupe, is faid to be ill-trujed. 



TRUSSELS, in Rope-Mating, have a back with ftout 

 pins and four legs braced together. They are ufed at the 

 upper end of a rope-ground, or put under ropes of a 

 fliort length, when the ftrands cannot be put on the ftake- 

 heads. 



TRUSSING, in Falconry, is a hawk's raifing any fowl 

 or prey aloft, foaring up, and then defcending with it to 

 the ground. 



TRUST. See Cestui que iruji. 



TRUSTEE, one w^ho has an eftate, or money, put or 

 trufted in his hands for the ufe of another. See Fidei 

 commiffum. 



TRUSTRA. See Tristra. 



TRUTH, Veritas, a term ufed in oppofition to falfe- 

 hood ; and applied to propofitions which anfwer or accord 

 to the nature and reality of the thing of which foraetliing 

 is affirmed or denied. 



Thus, when we fay, that four is the fourth part of twice 

 eight, that propofition is true, becaufe agreeable to the 

 nature of thofe numbers. 



Truth, according to Mr. Locke, confifts in the joining 

 or feparating of figns, as the things fignified by them do 

 agree or difagree one with another. Now the joining or 

 feparating of figns, is what we call making of propofitions. 

 Truth, properly, belongs only to propofitions, of which 

 there are two forts, mental and verbal ; as there are two 

 forts of figns commonly made ufe of, viz.. ideas and words. 

 Mental propofitions are thofe in which the ideas in our 

 underftanding are put together, or feparated, by the mind 

 perceiving or judging of their agreement or difagreement. 



Verbal 



