T R U 



Verbal propofitions are words put together or feparated, 

 in affirmative or negative fentences. So that propofition 

 confifts in joining or feparating of figns ; and truth confifts 

 in putting together or feparating thofe figns, according as 

 the things they (land for agree or difagree. 



Truth, therefore, as well as knowledge, may come under 

 the diftinftion of -verbal or real ; that being only verbal 

 truth, where terms are joined according to the agreement 

 or difagreeraent of the ideas they ftand for, without regard- 

 ing whether our ideas were fuch as really have, or are 

 capable of having, any exiftence in nature. But it is then 

 they contain real truth, when thefe figns are joined as our 

 ideas agree ; and when our ideas are fuch as we know are 

 capable of having an exiftence in nature : which, in fub- 

 ftances Ve cannot know, but by knowing that fuch have 

 exifted. 



Truth is the marking down in words the agreement or 

 difagreement of ideas, as it is. Falfehood is the marking 

 dowH in words the agreement or difagreement of ideas, 

 otherwife than it is : and fo far as thefe ideas, thus marked 

 by founds, agree to their archetypes, fo far only is the truth 

 real. 



The knowledge of this truth confifts in knowing what 

 ideas the words Hand for, and the perception of the agree- 

 ment or difagreement of thofe ideas, according as it is 

 marked by thofe words. 



Befides truth, taken in the ftrift fenfe before mentioned, 

 which is alfo called logical truth, there are other forts of 

 truths : . as. 



Truth, Moral, which confifts in fpeaking things ac- 

 cording to the perfuafion of our own minds, or the con- 

 formity of our expreiEons to our thoughts, called alfo ve- 

 rac'tty : and, in a more general fenfe, comprehending alfo 

 faithfuJnefs, which is a conformity of our aftions to our 

 words. Whereas lying or falfehood, as oppofed to truth, 

 is generally a mean, felfifh, or malevolent, and always an 

 unjuftifiable, endeavour to deceive another, by fignifying 

 or afTerting that to be truth or fa<ft, which is known or 

 believed to be otherwife ; and by making promifes, without 

 any intention to perform them. 



Troth, Metaphyfical or Tranjcendental, which is nothing 

 but the real exiftence of things conformable to the ideas 

 which we have annexed to their names. 



In which fenfe a cloek may be faid to be true, when it 

 anfwers the idea or intention of the perfon who made it. 

 Others will have metaphyfical truth to confift in the agree- 

 ment of a thing with the idea thereof in the divine unde»- 

 tlanding. 



TRUTINA Hermetis is ufed, among AJlruhgers, iox 

 an artificial method of examining and reftifying a nativity, 

 by means of the time of conception. 



TRUTINATION, formed from trut'ma, ^ pair of f tales, 

 the aft of weighing or balancing a thing. 



TRUTTACEOUS, in Ichthyology, the name of a genus 

 of fifti, of the trout kind, which are diftinguiftied from all 

 other filh by a fmall fat tin, which they all have near the 

 extremity of the back, and which has no rays or nerves. 

 Of the fifli of this genus, fome live only in frelh waters, 

 never entering the fea or fait rivers ; others frequent both 

 the frefti and fait waters, and are tlierefore called anadromi 

 or tatanadromi. Thefe leave the frefti waters while young, 

 and go into the fait rivers to feed and grow, and again re- 

 turn into the frefti rivers at the time of their full growth and 

 fpawning, that their off'spring may have the fame advan- 

 tages themfelves have had, of being hatched into life in frefti 

 water. 



T R U 



The truttaceous iifti are divided into two orders, thofe 

 which have, and thofe which have no teeth. Of the eden. 

 tulous kind, or fuch as have no teeth, are the lavaretus, 

 ferra, thymallus, oxyrinchus, and albula ; and of the toothed 

 kind, are the falmo, umbra, trutta, carpio, &c. In dif- 

 feftion, the truttaceous fifti have all apophyfes to the py- 

 lorus, and are all a high-tafted and fine fi(h for the table. 

 Ray's Ichthyology, p. 182. 



TRUTULENSIS Portus, in Ancient Geography, 1 

 port of the ifle of Albion, according to Tacitus, in his life 

 of Agricola. The fituation of tliis port has not been fatif- 

 faftorily afcertained ; but it has with the greateft probabihty 

 been fixed at Richborough or Rutupa, in the county of 

 Kent. 



TRUXILLO, in Geography, a town of Spain, in Eftre- 

 madura, defended by a citadel ; the birth-place of the 

 celebrated Francis Pizarro, the conqueror of Peru ; 40 

 miles N.N.E. of Merida. N. lat. 39° 15'. W. lon^. 

 5° 22'. 



Truxillo, a city of Sauth America, in the viceroyalty 

 of Peru, and fee of a biftiop. It was built in the year 

 '535' ^Y ^on Francifco Pizarro, in the valley of Chimo. 

 Its fcite is pleafant, notwithftanding the fandinefs of the 

 foil, the general inconvenience of all the towns in tlic 

 vallies. It is furrounded with a brick wall, and from 

 its circuit may be clafled among cities of the third 

 order. It ftands on a fmall river, about half a league 

 from the fea : two leagues to the northward is the port of 

 " Guanchaco," the channel of its maritime commerce. 

 The houfes make a creditable appearance. The generality 

 are of bricks, with ftately balconies, and fuperb porticoes ; 

 but the others are of baxareques. Both, however, are low, 

 on account of the frequent earthquakes, and few of them 

 have fo much as one ftory. The corrcgidor of the wllole 

 department refides in this city, and alfo a biftiop, wliofe 

 diocefe begins at Tumbez ; with a chapter, confifting of 

 three dignitaries, namely, the dean, archdeacon, and chanter, 

 with four canons, and two prebendaries. Here is an office 

 of revenue, affifted by an accomptant and treafurer, one of 

 which refides at Lambaycque, feveral convents, a college, 

 and an hofpital. The inhabitants confift of Spaniards, In- 

 dians, and all the other cafts. Among the firft are feveral 

 rich and diftinguiftied families. The women in their drefs and 

 cuftoms follow nearly thofe of Lima. About a league from 

 the city is a river, the waters of which are conveyed by various 

 canals through this delightful country. The diocefe compre- 

 hends eight jurifdiftions, -viz. Truxille, Sana, Piura, CsKa- 

 marca, Chachapayas, Lluha and Chilloas, Pataz or Caxa- 

 marquilla, and Jean de Bracamoros ; the laft is fituated in the 

 audience of Quito ; the reft in the viceroyalty of Peru. 

 The jurifdiftion of Truxillo is fituated on the coaft of the 

 Pacific ocean, and extends twenty leagues in length, and as 

 much towards the interior part of the country, compofed 

 throughout of beautiful valhes. In this climate there is a 

 fcnfible difference between winter and fummer ; the former 

 being attended with cold, and the latter with exceffive heat. 

 The country of this whole valley is extremely fruitful, 

 abounding with fugar-canes, maize, fruits, and garden ve- 

 getables, as alfo with vine and olive yards. The parts nearcft 

 the mountains produce wheat, barley, and other grain ; fo 

 that the inhabitants enjoy not only a plenty of all kinds of 

 provifions, but likewife make confiderable exports to Pa- 

 nama, cfpecially of wheat and fugars. This remarkable 

 fertility has been improved to the great embelliflimcnt of the 

 country ; fo that tlic city is furrounded by feveral groves 

 and delightful walks of trees. The gardens alfo are well 

 ° cultivated, 



