T S A 



Lichenogi-^ 58. t. 4. f. 8, 9. Syn. 104. Aft. Gorenk. 

 V. I. — Clafs and order, Cryptogamia Algm. Nat. Ord. 

 Lhhenes. 



Efl". C!i. Cruft fomewhat cartilaginous, flat, uniforme, 

 fixed. Warts of the fubftance of the cruil, coloured, pro- 

 minent. Receptacles feveral, concealed in the fubilance 

 of each wart, of a thick, black, fimple texture, the orifice 

 nipple-fliaped, projefting as far as the furface of the wart, 

 the globular cellular nucleus being altogether internal. 



Profeflbr Acharius defines eight fpecies, all found on the 

 bark« of different tropical trees. They are nearly allied to 

 his Thelotrema. See that article. 



TRYPHALIA, in Ancient Geography, a maritime 

 country of the Peloponnefus, between Meflenia and the 

 Elide, according to Polybius. 



TRYPHERA, rpuf £,,'«, in Pharmacy, a denomination 

 given to divers medicines, efpecially of the opiate kind. 

 The great tryphera is compofed of opium, cinnamon, cloves, 

 and feveral other ingredients : it is ufed to fortify the 

 ftomach, to flop fluxes, and is good for fome difeafes of 

 the womb. 



The word is formed from the Greek Tjvpifo;, delicate, on 

 account of their gentle and pleafant operation, or, accord- 

 ing to others, becaufe they make thofe who ufe them reft. 



The Saracenic tryphera, and Perfian tryphera, thus called, 

 becaufe firft introduced, the one by the Saracens, and the 

 other by the Perfians, were both of them gentle purgatives. 



TRYPHIODORUS, in Biography, a Greek poet, was 

 a native of Egypt, and commonly referred to the reign of 

 the emperor Anallafius, in the commencement of the fixth 

 century. Of his hiftory little is known ; but he was de- 

 nominated a grammarian, and wrote many works, the titles 

 of which are given by Suidas. Of thefe, none are extant 

 befides his poem on the deftruftion of Troy, IXia AXio-i;, 

 in about 700 lines, without any difcriminating merit be- 

 fides its being a relic of Greek literature. It was firil 

 printed by Aldus, and has paffed through fubfequent edi- 

 tions by Merrick, Oxon. 1741 ; Bandini, Florent. 1765; 

 and Northmore, Oxon. 1791, which are thofe the moft 

 efteemed. VofTius. Moreri. Gen. Biog. 



TRYSTS, Cattle, a term applied to fairs for them in 

 fome of the northern parts of the illand. 



TRYSUNDA, in Geography, a fmall ifland on the W. 

 fide of the gulf of Bothnia. N. bt. 63'^ 9'. E. long. 

 18° 35'. 



TRYVET, a village of Ireland, in the county of Meath. 

 This place was rebuilt by Hugh de Lacy, and peopled 

 by a colony of Englilh ; after which it became a confider- 

 able town, but is now fallen to decay ; 8 miles S.E. of 

 Navan. 



TSABA, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in Natolia ; 10 

 miles E. of Boli. 



TSA-CHOUI, a town of Corea ; 43 miles S.S.E. of 

 Koang-tcheou. 



TSAKATHURN. See Csakathurn. 



TSAKTELU, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in Carama- 

 nia; 28 miles N.N.E. of Aklhehr. 



TSALGO, a town of Georgia, in the province of Car- 

 duel ; 50 miles S.W. of Teflis. 



TSAL-HASSAR, a town of Arabia, in the province 

 of Hadsjar ; 45 miles N.N.W. of Cathem. 



TSANG, a city of China, of the fccond rank, in Pe- 

 tche-li ; 102 miles S. of Peking. N. lat. 38° 21'. E. long. 

 116° 34'. 



TSANG-CHIN, a town of Corea, near the fca ; 35 

 miles S.S.W. of Han-tcheou. 



Vol. XXXVI. 



T S C 



TSANPOU. See Sanpoo. 



TSANTSE-AGHISI, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in 

 Natolia; 12 miles N.W. of Ereo-ri. 



TSAO, a city of China, of the fecond rank, in Chan- 

 tong ; 72 miles W.S.W. of Yeng-tcheou. N. lat. 35° 22'. 

 E. long. 115° 16'. 



TSAO-SU, a fmall ifland near the coaft of China. 

 N. lat. 25° 22'. E. long. 1 19° 42'. 



TSAO-TCHANG, a town of Corea ; 20 miles N. of 

 Han-tcheou. 



TSAPHARI, in the Materia Medlca of the j1„. 

 dents, a name given by fome to the cadmia, called by 

 Diofcorides placltis, and by others of the Greek writers, 

 zonltls and onychitis. It was a flat kind, forming a fort 

 of coat or cruft on the walls or fides of the hirnace ; 

 hence it had the name placltis, or criijlaceous ; and it was 

 called onychitis and zonltls, becaufe, when broken tranfverfely, 

 it appeared made up of feveral fucceflive plates, which had 

 the appearance of fo many belts or zones. Serapio tells us, 

 that this and the botryoide cadmia were dug out of the 

 mines ; that is, that they were natural productions ; but 

 this is erroneous, and contrary to all the accounts of the 

 ancients. 



TSASMA, in Geography, a town of Croatia ; 8 miles 

 E. of Ivanitz. 



TSATSORKEN, a town of Thibet ; 501 miles E.S.E. 

 of Laflia. 



TSCHAGATAY, or Dschagatai, a name given to 

 the Mongolian ftate, which was afTigned to one of the fons 

 of Tfchingis-khan, fo called after the name of its founder, 

 to whom his father afTigned the Greater and Lefs Bucharia, 

 Turfan, the country of the Igurcs, and part of the prc- 

 fent Kalmuckey. 



TSCHA-HAFFER, a town of Arabia Deferta ; 80 

 miles W. of Cathem. 



TSCHAMA-CALAB, a town of Perfia, in Adirbeit- 

 zan ; 60 miles S.E. of Tauris. 



TSCHARSHEBEH, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in 

 Natolia, on the Meinder ; 20 miles N. of Degnizlu. 



TSCHASCHWITZ, a town of Silefia, in the princi- 

 pality of Neiffe ; 4 miles W. of NeifTe. 



TSCHASLAW. See Czaslau. 



TSCHASTOLOWITZ, a town of Bohemia, in the 

 circle of Konigingratz ; 14 miles E.S.E. of Konigingratz. 



TSCHAVAT. See Javat. 



TSCHEAHDORF, a town of Silefia, in the princi- 

 pality of Neiffe ; 9 miles N.N.E. of Patfchkau. 



TSCHE KEN AGAR, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in 

 Caramania ; 50 miles N.N.E. of Cogni. 



TSCHELATSCH, a town of Auftrian Poland, in 

 Galicia ; 28 miles N. of Cracow. 



TSCHENGA, a town of Bulgaria, near the Daphne ; 

 50 miles W.S.W. of Varna. 



TSCHENSTOCHOWA, a town of Auftrian Poland, 

 in Galicia ; 46 miles N.N.W. of Cracow. 



TSCHEREMISSES, or Tcheremi.<;ses, a tribe of 

 Finns, who dwell in the governments of Viatka, Kazan, 

 Simbirfk, and Ufa, on both (hores of the Volga, efpecially 

 the left. They call themfelves Mari, I. e. men. Ahhough 

 their lan"-uage be mixed with Tartarian and Ruffian words, it 

 is eafily diftinguiftiable as a Finnifh dialed. The Supreme 

 Being they call Yuma. In the time of the Tartars they were 

 fubjeft to them, and dwelt more foutherly, between the Volga 

 and the Don ; but at the downfall of the Tartarian dominion, 

 they fell to the Ruffian empire, and even in this ftatc they 

 loDff retained their own khans, which, however, ccafcd upon 



