T S C 



the extinftion of the princely race. They were formerly a 

 paltoral people, but under tlic Ruffian government tliey are 

 gradually become hulbandmcn. The prefent amount of 

 them is not known ; but they have been ellimated at 20,000. 



TSCHERIKOV. See Tchekicov. 



TsCHERIKOv'j IJlnnd, an ifland in the North Pacific 

 ocean, fo called by Capt. Vancouver, after the companion 

 of Beering. In the point of view in which Capt. Van- 

 couver faw the fouth-weft, fouthern, and ealtern fides 

 of this illand, it appeared to form a fomewhat irregular four- 

 fided figure, about ten leagues in circuit ; having from its 

 weftern part, which is low and flat, and which had the ap- 

 pearance of being infular, a remarkable high, flat, fquare 

 rock, lying in a direftion S. 66^ W. at a diftance of two 

 ■miles, between which and the ifland is a ledge of fmaller 

 rocks. The centre of the ifland appeared to be in N. lat. 

 55° 49'. E. long. 205° 4'. 



TSCHERKASK. See Tciierkask. 



TSCHERKASSIANS. See Tcherkasses and Cir- 

 cassians. 



TSCHERNEMBL. See Zernembl. 



TSCHERNOIYAR. See Tchernoiyar. 



TSCHERSK, or CzERSK. See CzERsKO. 



TSCHESCHENGIANS, or MiKSCHESsiANS, a tribe 

 of vaffals to Ruffia, living in the eaftern part of the great 

 Kabardia, who in time of war can raife 5000 horfemen. 



TSCHESME', a fmaU town of Afia Minor, fituated 

 almoll oppofite to the ifle of Scio, at the head of a fpacious 

 road, to which art has no occafion to add, in order to make 

 it a good liarbour. A citadel fomewhat extenfive, con- 

 llrufted by the Genoefc, runs floping to the fea-fliore, and 

 feems intended to fecure from all infult both the town and 

 the harbour. Tfchefme is built on the ruins of Cyfl'us. 

 This road is famous for the viftory which the Roman fleet 

 gained there over that of Antiochus, and alfo for the burn- 

 ing and total defliruftion of the Turkifli fquadron by the 

 Ruffians in 1770. Geographers place at the head of a bay, 

 two or three leagues to the N. of Tfchefme, the ancient 

 ErythrjE, celebrated for the oracles of the Sibyl. The ter- 

 ritory of Tfchefme furnidies grain and fruit in abundance : 

 a little oil and a great many raifins are alfo produced here. 

 It is from this harbour that the ifland of Scio draws a great 

 part of its fubfillence, and by means of it frequently keeps 

 up an intercourfe with Smyrna. 



TSCHETCHES, the name of a colony of ftrangers 

 and Chrifl;ians, who are fecluded from the world in a mofl. 

 fequeftered part of the wilds of Caucafus, fo called in the 

 language of the country. Thefe poor people are faid to 

 lead lives of the molt exemplary piety, and to exhibit a 

 primeval fimplicity of manners. They are totally ignorant 

 of their origin, any farther than knowing that they are 

 ftrangers, and their being confidered as fuch by the fcattcred 

 neighbouring nations. From an affinity in their language, 

 and fome other circumftances, they are fuppofed to be de- 

 fcended from a colony of Bohemians, who, flying from 

 religious perfecution in their own country towards the clofe 

 of the fifteenth century, found at length a refuge from op- 

 prcflion in the diftance from the reft of mankind which thefe 

 remote deferts afforded. 



TSCHIGRI, a town of Ruflia, in the government of 

 Kurflc ; 48 miles E.N.E. of Kurflt. 



TSCHILLA, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Ra- 

 konitz ; 8 miles S.W. of Rakonitz. 



TSCHIRNE, a town of Silefia, in the principality of 



Glogau ; 20 miles E. of Gros Glogau Alio, a river of 



Silefia, which runs into the Bober, two miles below Sagan. 



T S C 



TSCHIRNHAUSEN, Ehrenfried Walter von, in 

 Biography, an ingenious mathematician, was a defcendant of a 

 noble Bohemian family, and born at Kiflingfwald, in Upper 

 Lufatia, in 1651. Having iludied for fome time at the uni- 

 vorfity of Leyden, directing his particular attention to ma- 

 thematics and philofophy, he entered into the Dutch army 

 in 1672, and for the purpofe of further improvement vifited 

 France, Sicily, Italy, and Malta. He alfo eftabliftied 

 three glafs-houfes in Saxony, with a view to the improve- 

 ment of the fcience of optics, and having fhewn how porce- 

 lain might be made from an earth found in that country, 

 he may be regarded as the founder of the Drefden porcelain 

 manufaflory. As to his claims on the invention of cauftic 

 curves, we refer to the article Caujlic Curve. His account 

 of them was communicated to the Academy of Sciences at 

 Paris in 1682. See alfo the fame Memoirs for 1703. For 

 the conftruftion and powers of his burning-glafs,conftrudled 

 about the year 1687, we refer to the article Blirning-GA7_/}. 

 Heedlefsof the fame which he fojuftly acquired, Tfchirnhau- 

 fen took delight in encouraging the refearches of others, who 

 were engaged in purfuits fimilar to his own, and was at con- 

 fiderable expence in printing works of public utihty. He 

 died, highly efteemed and much regretted, in the month of 

 September 1708. He furniflied the Leipfic Tranfaftions 

 with many articles ; and alfo the Memoirs of the Academy 

 of Sciences with the following : viz. " Obfervations on 

 Burning-glafles of three or four Feet Diameter," in the vol. 

 for 1699 ; " Obfervations on the Glafs of a Telefcope con- 

 vex on both Sides, and of thirty-two Feet focal Diftance," 



1700 ; " On the Radii of Curvatures, and finding the Tan- 

 gents, Quadratures, and Roftifications of many Curves," 



1701 ; " On the Tangents of Mechanical Curves," 1702 ; 

 and " On a Method of Quadratures." The only work 

 pubhfhed feparately was his " Medicina Mentis," refem- 

 bling Malebranche's " Recherche de la Verite," but much 

 more extenfive; firft pubhflied in 1687, and again with im- 

 provements in 1695. Montucla, Hift. des Mathem. Hut- 

 ton's Math. Dia. 



TSCHIRNHAUSIANA Quadratrix. See Qua- 

 DRATRIX TJchirnhauftana. 



TSCHOPA, in Geography, a river of Saxony, which 

 rifes near Weifenthal, on the borders of Bohemia, and runs 

 into the Mulda, between Dobeln and Leiffing. 



Tschopa, or Zfchopou, a town of Saxony, in the circle 

 of Erzgebirg, celebrated for its blue manufafture ; 7 miles 

 S.E. of Chemnitz. N. lat. 50° 4'. E. long. 13° 2'. 



TSCHUDI, .^GIDIUS, in Biography, an eminent Swifs 

 hiftorian, was defcended from a noble family, and born at 

 Glarus in IJ05. After campleting his fchool education, he 

 went to Bafle, and accompanied his preceptor Glareanus to 

 France, with a view to farther improvement. Upon his re- 

 turn to his native place, he was employed, in 1528, on a 

 miflion refpefting the Reformation, in which he condufted 

 himfelf to the fatisfaftion of both Reformers and Catholics ; 

 and in the following year he was chofen chief magiftrate of 

 Sargans. By his difcharge of the duties of this office, he 

 gained increafing reputation, and more extended trufts of a 

 fimilar kind. His great objedl was to enlarge his acquaint- ' 

 ance with the Helvetic hiftory ; nor did he ceafe to purfue 

 it, even in the mihtary fervice of France, or in any of the 

 honourable ftations which he was appointed to occupy. To- 

 wards the clofe of his life he was feverely afflifted with the 

 ftone, but death terminated his pains and labours in the year 

 1572, and 69th year of his age. His principal works were 

 " A Defcription of the ancient Rhtietia," pubhflied at Bafle 

 io '538 } the " Helvetic Chronicle," commencing with the 



year 



