TUB 



of a very equal bore, feal the end in the ufual manner, and 

 to coUeft a greater mafs of glafs at the end, prefs upwards 

 on it while quite hot with any iron inftrument, fo as to con- 

 fohdate and Ihorten it a little ; let it remain in the hotted 

 part of the flame, till the lump of glafs is quite white hot ; 

 then remove it, put your lips to the open end without lofs of 

 time, holding it with the hot part loweft, and blow mode- 

 rately and fteadily. The lump of hot glafs will immediately 

 open into a bulb, the fize of which may be regulated at 

 pleafure. 



Tube, Stentorophomc and Torricellian. See the adjeftives. 



TUBEIPILLY, in Geography, a town of Hindooftan, 

 in Myfore ; 20 miles W. of Chinna Balabaram. 



TUBEL, a word ufed by fome chemical writers to ex- 

 prefs fcales of copper or brafs. 



TUBELDIE, in Geography, a town of Dar-Fur ; 180 

 miles S. of Cobbe. 



TUBER, or Tubercle, in Botany, a kind of round 

 turgid root, in form of a knob or turnip. 



The plants which produce fuch roots are hence denomi- 

 nated tuherofe, or tuberous plants. See Tuberous Roots. 



Tuber, an old Latin name for a fort of excrefcence, 

 appropriated alfo to feveral ' things of the fungus tribe. 

 Its derivation is from tumeo, to fweU. Botanifts have re- 

 tained this name for the prefent genus, to which it originally 



perhaps belonged Mich. Gen. 221. Perf. Syn. Fung. 



126. With. Bor. Arr. v. 4. 371. Sibth. Oxon. 398. 

 Sm. Prodr. Fl. Grsec. Sibth. v. 2. 351. JufT. 3. La- 

 marck Illuftr. t. 887. — Clafs and order, Cryptogamia Fungi. 

 Nat. Ord. Fungi. 



Eff. Ch. Roundiih, flefliy, fohd, clofed ; its fubftance 

 variegated with veins bearing feeds. 



1. T. cibarium. Common Truffle. Perf. n. i. With, 

 n. I. Bulhard. v. i. 74. t. 356. Sowerb. Fung. t. 309. 

 (T. brumale, pulpa obfcura odora ; Mich. Gen. 221. 

 t. 102. Tubera; Tourn. Inft. t. 333. T. terrac ; Ger. 

 Em. 1583.) — Blackilh, rough with prominent warts. — 

 Found under the furface of the ground in moft parts of 

 Europe, where the foil is light and dry ; as well as in Japan, 

 and the Eail Indies. Dogs are taught to find this fungus 

 by the fmell, and to fcratch it out of the earth. It is 

 brought to table, either fimply boiled, or ftewed in various 

 forms. The French and Italians introduce truffles into 

 different made difhes, fauces, pies, &c. They are reported 

 to have a ilimulating, or aphrodifiacal quality, which, 

 whether imaginary or not, perhaps renders them more po- 

 pular than their flavour, which is trifling. The fize of this 



fungus is about that of a walnut in its outer coat, but the 

 furface is irregularly tumid, and harfh to the touch from 

 innumerable fharp warts. The inner fubftance is greyilh, 

 or pale brown, with numerous curved branching veins, 

 lodging the minute feeds. No figns of a root are obferv- 

 able. There are faid to be feveral varieties of colour in this 

 fpecies. 



2. T. mofchatum. Mulky Truffle. Bulhard v. i. 79. 

 t. 479. Perf. n. 2. — Blackiih, fmooth. — Native of France. 

 Like the foregoing in fize, and general figure ; but its fur- 

 face is fmooth, the internal fubllance rather foft, and the 

 fcent muflcy. By drying the coat becomes wrinkled. 

 Bulltard. 



3. T. grifeum. Grey Truffle. Perf. n. 3. (Truffe 

 grife ; De Borch Truffes du Piemont, 7. t. I, 2.) — 

 Roundifh, irregular, fmooth, foft, greyifh-afhcoloured. — 

 Native of Piedmont, in a Hght, moderately moift, foil. 

 The iize of the two preceding, but more irregular in fhape, 

 of a foapy texture and light colour, with a ftrong fcent of 

 garlick. 



Vol. XXXVI. 



TUB 



4. T. album. White Truffle. Bulliard v. i. 80. t. 404. 

 Perf. n. 4. With, n, 2. Sowerb. Fung. t. 310. (Bi- 

 anchetti ; De Borch Truff. du Piem. 6, 7 ? Lycoperdon 

 gibbofum; Dickf. Crypt, fafc. 2. 26.)— Light reddifh- 

 brown, roundifh, half above ground ; veins rufty -coloured, 

 — In woods, in England and France, alfo in Greece, but 

 partly funk in the earth. The outfide is fmooth, turning 

 more yellow in drying ; the inner fubftance refemblea rhu- 

 barb. Its flavour is faid to be difagreeable. 



Dr. Withering defcribes a variety, or more probably, as 

 he obferves, a diftinft fpecies, whofe internal fubllance is 

 uniform, like cork, of the hue of tanned leather ; the fur- 

 face knobby and pitted, hairy in the pits. The whole mafs 

 perforated by ttems of grafs ; fo that it muft have been 

 above ground in a foft flate. 



5. T. leflivum. Summer Truffle. Mich. Gen. 221. n. 2. 

 (T. album S; Perf. n. 4. Lycoperdon aaftivum ; Wulf. 

 in Jacq. Coll. v. i. 349.) — Nearly globular, fmooth, 

 brown, or blackifh ; fpongy within ; entirely fubterraneous. 

 — Plentiful in Carinthia and Carniola from May to Auguft. 

 Thefe have little tafle or fmell, but are ufed much for the 

 table. When young the furface is whitifh and fcaly, but 

 gradually becomes brown or blackifh. Their fize is equal 

 to a chefnut or walnut. Perhaps, as Perfoon thought, this 

 may not be a different fpecies from the laft. 



6. T. cervinum. Baftard Truffle. With. n. 3. (Tu- 

 bera cervina; Lob. Ic. v. 2. 276. Lycoperdaftrum tu- 

 berofum arrhizon fulvum, cortice duriore crafTo et granulato, 

 medulla ex albo purpurafcente, femine nigro crafliore ; 

 Mich. Gen. 220. t. 99. f. 4.) — Globular, finely granu- 

 lated, rather fohd, finally burfling ; powdery in the centre. 

 — Found barely funk in the ground, in feveral parts of 

 England, as well as in Bohemia and Silefia, about Sep- 

 tember. The diameter is about an inch <uid a half; the 

 outfide tawny ; inner fubftance, or nucleus, purplifh. 



7. T. folidum. Hard Truffle. With. n. 4. (Lyco- 

 perdon cepse facie; Vaill. Parif. t. 16. f. 5, 6.) — " Glo- 

 bular but compreffed, (rather depreffed,) brown, reticu- 

 lated, very firm; blue -black within." — Found in Dr. 

 Withering's park at Edgbafton, near Birmingham, under 

 an oak-tree by the pool, in Auguft. This had a fhort 

 root, as Vaillant reprefents it, and appears to be, as Mr. 

 Sowerby fuppofes, only a nearly fefTile variety of his Lyco- 

 perdon defofpim, Eng\. Fung. t. 311. 



8. T. radicatum. Rooted Truffle. With. n. 5. (Ly- 

 coperdon cervinum ; Bolt. Fung. v. 3. t. 116. !-• fpadi- 

 ceum ; Dickf. Crypt, fafc. I. 25. Lycoperdaftrum ob- 

 fcurum, altius radicatum, pulpa atro-purpurea, cute lacera, 

 veluti punAata ; Mich. Gen. 220. t. 99. f. 3.) — Roundifh, 

 depreffed, cracked in the furface, with a thick fhort root.— 

 Found on heaths, and in woods, in Italy and England in 

 the fummer, but rare. Two or three inches in diameter, 

 folid, never burfting, nor becoming internally powdery. 

 The outer fltin is brown, or ohve, cracking into angular 

 portions, but not warty. Inner fubftance purphfli, vi-ined 

 with black ; finally quite black. Apparently different from 

 Lycoperdon aurantiacum of Bulliard, t. 270; fo that the tine 

 fmoke in his figure may not be altogether, as Bolton fays, 

 " conjeftural ;" it may reprefent the powdery feeds, efcaping 

 from holes eaten by infefts, as Bolton himfclf fuppofes. 



Tuber, or Tuberofity, in Surgery, is ufed for a knob or 

 tumour growing naturally on any part ; in oppofition to 

 tumours which rife accidentally, or from a difeafe. • 



The fame term is alfo ufed for a knot in a tree. 



TUBERA Terr>i'.. See Truffles. 



TUBERAN, in Geography, a town of Perfia, m the 

 province of Kerman ; 171 miles N.E. of Schiras. 



3 A TUBERCLt, 



