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article. The Tuckahoe is found in irregular, mote or lefs 

 globular or oblong, lumps, from an ounce to thirty pounds 

 in weight, having a brown corrugated bark. Its internal 

 fubftance is uniform, folid, fnow-whitc, farinaceous, with 

 little or no tafte or fmell ; and has been ufed by the natives 

 as food. This produftion is generally found attached to the 

 roots of fome tree, efpecially of the genera Pinus and Quer- 

 cus, the fibres of which are interwoven with part of its 

 texture, but in procefs of time are obliterated. Its growth 

 appears to be very flow. In decay the inner fubftance af- 

 fumes an acid ilavour, and brown colour. Such are fome 

 of the particulars of the hiftory of this fungus, for fo we 

 prefume it to be, which we have received from Dr. Mac- 

 bride of Charleftown, South Carohna ; who has lately given 

 a more ample and detailed account of it, with fpecimens, to 

 the Linnsean Society of London. 



TUCKAREAH, in Geography, a town of Africa, in 

 Sahara, anciently called Tigava ; lo6 miles S. of Algiers. 



TUCKATPOUR, a town of Hindooftan, in the circar 

 of Ruttunpour ; i8 miles S.W. of Ruttunpour. 



TUCKEA, a town of Hindooftan, in Goondwana; lo 

 miles W. of Nagpour. 



TUCKER, in Rural Economy, a term fometimes applied 

 to a perfon employed in the bufinefs of fulling. 



Tucker, Josiah, D.D., in Biography, a controverfial 

 writer, was the fon of a fmall freeholder in Wales, and 

 born in the year 17 1 1. Having completed his education at 

 St. John's college, Oxford, and taken orders, he ferved a 

 curacy at Briftol, and was promoted by biftiop Butler, who 

 made him his chaplain, to the reftory of St. Stephen's in 

 that city. His refidence at Briftol drew his particular at- 

 tention to commercial matters, in reference to which he 

 publiflied, about the year 1747, " A brief EfTay on the Ad- 

 vantages and Difadvantages which refpeftively attend France 

 and Great Britain with regard to Trade ;" wliich was fol- 

 lowed by " Reflections on the Expediency of a Law for the 

 Naturalization of foreign Proteftants," publifhed in two 

 parts, 1 75 1 — 2, and advocating liberal and enlarged princi- 

 ples. In thefe principles he efpoufed the caufe of the Jews 

 in two " Letters to a Friend concerning Naturahzations," 

 1753. The part he took on this occafion expofed him to 

 much obloquy, and was the occafion of his being burnt in 

 effigy by the populace. However, in 1755 he obtained the 

 degree of D.D., and was made a prebendary of Briftol. 

 His aftivity in promoting the eleftion of Mr. Nugent, after- 

 wards lord Clare, as a reprefentative for Briftol, was recom- 

 penfed in 1758 by the deanery of Gloucefter. In the con- 

 troverfy occafioned by the petitioning clergy in 1771, he 

 took a part, and pubhlhed in 1772, •' An Apology for the 

 prefent Church of England, as by Law eftablifhed ;" in 

 which, whihl he oppofed their claims, he expreffed his wiih 

 for the omiftion of the Athanafian creed in the church fer- 

 vice, and for excufing ftudents of the univerfities upon ma- 

 triculation, and graduates in lay faculties, from fubfcription 

 to the articles. In the fame year he pubhftied " Six Ser- 

 mons," on doftrinal points that were then much agitated. 

 In 1773 appeared his Letters to Dr. Kippis's " Vindication 

 of the Proteftant Diflenting Minifters with regard to their 

 late Application to Parliament," which were written with 

 moderation and candour, and in which he feems difpofed to 

 unite the claims of the church of England refpefting its 

 own members, with liberal conceflions to thofe who diffent 

 from it. In 1774 he pubhfhed his " Four Trafts, together 

 with Two Sermons, on Political and Commercial SubjeAs ;" 

 in which he unfolded his whole plan for fettling the difpute 

 with America, deemed by both the contending parties ex- 

 travagant ; this was " to feparate entirely from the North 



American colonies by declaring them to be a free and inde- 

 pendent people, over whom we lay no claim ; and then by 

 offering to guarantee this freedom and independence againlt 

 all foreign invaders whatever." But he did not wifh to con- 

 cede the point of right in this controverfy, as appeared from 

 his pubHcation in 1775, entitled " The refpeftive Pleas and 

 Arguments of the Mother Country and of the Colonies dif- 

 tinftly fet forth ; and the Impoffibility of a Compromife of 

 Differences, or a natural Conceffion of Rights, plainly de- 

 monftrated." Mr. Burke treated his fcheme with fome de- 

 gree of contempt, and therefore he addreffed to him one of 

 three fubfequent publications on this fubjeft. The dean 

 became ardent and irritable in the profecution of this dif- 

 pute, and allowed himfelf in the abufe of the colonifts, and 

 particularly of Dr. Frankhn. In 1781, apparently devi- 

 ating from the principles which he had avowed in more early 

 life, he attacked Mr. Locke and his followers on the origin, 

 extent, and end of civil inftitutions, in his " Treatife con- 

 cerning Civil Government." The advocates of Locke re- 

 torted upon him with warmth, and perhaps with fome de- 

 gree of afperity ; but " he might confole himfelf (as one of 

 his biographers fays ) by having his work quoted by lord 

 Mansfield in the houfe of peers, with a fine eulogium on 

 the talents of the author, whom he mentioned as a writer of 

 the firft clafs for lagacity and knowledge." ' Indulging his 

 refentment againil the Americans, and predifting confe- 

 quences likely to refult from their independence, which have 

 not been verified by faft, he addreffed to M. Necker, in 1782, 

 a pamphlet entitled " Cui Bono ? or. An Enquiry, what 

 Benefits can arife either to the Englifh or the Americans, the 

 French, Spaniards, or Dutch, from the greateft ViAories 

 or Succeffes in the prefent War." In the " Preface" to this 

 work, he undertakes to refute the opinions of the advocates 

 for equal reprefentation. In his fubfeqtient commercial 

 pubHcations he declares himfelf adverfe to all reftriftions 

 upon trade, and defirous of leaving it to regulate itfelf. 

 Having refigned his reftory at Briftol to his curate, he re- 

 fided at his deanery in Gloucefter, and difcharged the various 

 duties of his office with exemplaiy afiTiduity. Although he 

 was married, he left no iflTue. He lived to the advanced 

 age of eighty-eight years, and died in 1799, by a paralytic 

 ftroke. Gent. Mag. Month. Rev. Gen. Biog. 



Tucker, the Rev. William, one of the gentlemen of 

 king Charles II.'s chapel, and precentor of Weftminfter 

 Abbey, was a very judicious compofer of choral mufic. Mr. 

 Mafon, in fpeaking of the full anthem, " O give thanks 

 unto the Lord," by this ingenious dilettante, very truly 

 obferves, that " every fyllahle in this compofition has its juft. 

 length, and each part of a fentence its proper paufe ; it ad- 

 mits no perplexing alterations or unmeaning repetitions, but 

 proceeds in one full, yet diftintl ftrain, harmonically, yet 

 intelhgibly." 



So many circumftances muft concur in forming a com 

 plete mufician among the lovers of the art, who have no 

 other view in its cultivation than pure amufement, that 

 however ardent their zeal and fubhme their genius, if they 

 have not been early initiated in the myfteries of counterpoint, 

 and purfued its labyrinths with the perfeverance of pro- 

 feffional ftudents, timidity, embarraifment, ignorance, and 

 confufion, will appear in their fcores at the firft glance of a 

 regular-bred compofer. In general, their praftice, reading 

 of fcores, experience, and application, are inferior to thofe 

 of the meaneft organift, or ripieno performer : difdaining to 

 perform under parts, or to ftudy them in the works of great 

 matters, as foon as they know their gammut, their chief 

 pradiice confifts in folps and amufing melodies ; fo that they 

 remain to the end of their lives unable to count refts, or 



keep 



