T V E 



The tent of the cazique is diftingui(hed by painting and fu- 

 perior arrangement. The common food is the oftrich and 

 caffowary, and a kind of armadillo ; but their chief regale 

 is the flefn of the mare or foal. In cafe of m-gent thirft, 

 they will drink warm blood, which they draw from their 

 horfes. The want of food is fupplied with bones, greafe, 

 and dry dung. The ufe of clay is univerfal, in making 

 various forts of earthenware. They eat fait with their 

 meat roafted or boiled, and are no ftrangers to fome pre- 

 parations of milk. Tlie SeiTanos or mountaineers make a 

 pafte of carobs, of which they form their bread in loaves, 

 called ^a/«j. In Tuelca, and in other fouthern parts, the 

 guanaco abounds, the flefh of which, with that of a kind 

 of hare, forms the chief food of the Tehuels or Patagonians. 

 But the flefh is eaten half raw. The di-efs of both fexes is 

 a mantle, extending to the mid-leg, with an opening for the 

 arms, and girt with a leathern belt. On horfeback, the 

 llcirts are drawn together fo as to form loofe breeches. Thefe 

 clothes are fometimes made of wool, but they prefer the 

 flcinsof the guanaco, lion, and tiger j and the Patagonians ufe 

 thofe of feals. With the feathers of the oftrich they make 

 fans, and ornaments for bridles, ftaining them of various 

 colours. Thefe articles they exchange for tobacco, brandy, 

 and the tea of Paraguay, which with them are articles of 

 luxury. Hard-ware and alfo coarfe wooUen are much 

 efteemed. The brandy they exhauft at once, making no 

 referve. The herb of Paraguay, after liaving ferved once, is 

 dried, again ufed, and finally eaten. The tobacco is fmoked 

 in a wooden pipe. The caziques or captains hive feveral 

 wives, but monogamy generally prevails. Jealoufy is little 

 Jcnown, and a payment in kind is the ufual penalty for adul- 

 tery. Homicides and duels are frequent, and thefe latter 

 open conflifts are deemed honourable ; but treafon and af- 

 fafGnation are capital crimes, and the guilty are put to death 

 with lances or wooden clubs, nor are there any churches to 

 proteft murderers. Although all are thieves, they will make 

 war on a tribe that proteAs robbers. In every tented vil- 

 lage, there is a perfon revered as a forcerer and phyfician. 

 In the night they have no light but that of fire, which 

 they procure by friftion of hard wood. Their conflifts are 

 fo violent, that few are feen without marks of deep wounds. 

 The defire of revenge pafles from one generation to another. 

 They celebrate their viftories with dancing, finging and 

 drinking ; painting and adorning themfclves for Tuch oc- 

 cafions. Their number has been greatly reduced by the 

 fmall-pox. They appear to h%ve no religion ; but contem- 

 plate with reverence the fun, which they call " Antu," and 

 the moon " Quien." The only ceremony that has any afpeft 

 of religion is, when they kill a beeve, their fprinkling fome 

 of the blood on the ground, with the formulary, " Give me 

 to cat, me, and my people." They think that the moon 

 confers ftrength and valour ; and when the new moon ap- 

 pears, they prefent their infants, and fay " make them 

 ftrong." They alfo pray to Quien for courage and ftrength 

 to avenge injuries, and dcftroy their enemies. Inelfeflual 

 attempts have been made by popifh miflionaries for their 

 converfion. The miflionaries were (lain and the few Chrif- 

 tfans difperfed. Such is Eftalla's account of thefe favages. 

 TUELLA, La, a town of France, in the department of 

 the Dora ; 16 miles W. of Aofta. 



TVER, a town of Ruflia, and capital of a govern- 

 ment, at the conflux of the Tvertza and Volga. It is the 

 fee of an archbifliop, and, according to Bufching, contains 

 feventy churches and convents, Tver, from a fmall fortrefs, 

 became a town, and increafed in population and wealth to fo 

 great a degree, as to become the metropolis of an indepcnd- 

 VoL. XXXVI. 



T U F 



^t forereignty, called from the town the duchy of Tver. 

 Tver is divided into the Old and New. Town ; the former, 

 fituated on the oppofite fide of the Volga, confiftsalmoft en- 

 tirely of wooden cottages ; the latter was, a few buildino-s 

 excepted, burned down in the year 1763. The emprets 

 was no fooner informed of this calamity, than (he ordered a 

 regular and beautiful plan of a new town to be fltetched by 

 an eminent architeft ; and enjoined that all the houfes 

 ftould be rcconftrufted in conformity to this new model. 

 She raifed, at her own expence, the governor's houfe, the 

 bifhop's palace, the courts of juftice, the new exchange, the 

 prifon, and feveral other public edifices; and offered to 

 every perfon who would engage to build a houfe with 

 brick, a loan of 300/. for twelve years without intereft. 

 The money advanced by her majefty upon this occafioii 

 amounted to 60,000/. and (he afterwards remitted one-third 

 of this fum. The ftreets, which are broad and long, iffue 

 in a ftraight line from a fquare, or rather an oftagon, in the 

 centre : the houfes of this oftagon, and of the principal 

 ftreets, are of brick ftuccoed white, and form a very mag- 

 nificent appearance. There is an ecclefiafticai feminary at 

 Tver, which is under the infpeftion of the bi(hop, and 

 admits 600 ftudents. In 1776, the emprefs founded a 

 fchool for the inftruAion of 200 burghers' children ; they 

 are taught to read, write, and caft accounts, and a few of 

 them are trained to handicraft trades. In June 1779, an 

 academy was alfo opened in this town for the education of 

 the young nobility of the province, at the charge of the 

 fame imperial patronefs. It admits 120 ftudents, who are 

 inftrufted in foreign languages, arithmetic, geography, for- 

 tification, taftics, natural philofophy, mufic, riding, dancing, 

 &c. Tver is a place of confiderable commerce, which it owes 

 principally to its advantageous fituation, being near the 

 conflux of the two rivers, along which are conveyed all the 

 goods and merchandize fent by water from Siberia, and the 

 fouthern provinces towards Peterfburg. Pallas fpeaks of 

 the delicious (herbet, with which travellers are regaled at all 

 feafons of the year ; 72 miles N.N.W. of Mofcow. N. lat. 

 56°5o'. E. long. 36° 14'. 



xVERSKOE, a government of RulTia, bounded on the 

 N. by Novgorodlkoe, on the E. by the government of 

 Jaroflavl and Vladimir, on the S. by Mo/kovikaia and Smo- 

 lenfkoe, and on the W. by P/kov(l{oe ; about 180 miles 

 long, anii 100 broad. This part of Ruflia produces 

 abundance of wheat, barley, rye, oats, buck-wheat, hemp, 

 flax, and all kinds of vegetables. In the forefts are to be 

 found oaks, birches, alders, poplars, afhcs, pines, &c. At 

 fome diftancc there are elks, bears, wolves, foxes, wild goat?, 

 martens, ermines, fquirrels, and marmots. There is alfo 

 plenty of eagles, hawks, cranes, herons, fwans, and all kinds 

 of fmall game. N. lat. 55° 36' to 58' 30'. E. long. 



33° to 38°. 



TVERTZA, a river of Ruflia, which runs into the 

 Volga, at Tver. 



TUERYE, a town of France, in the department of 

 Mont Blanc ; 4 miles E. of Chambory. 



TUESAH, a town of Hindooftan, in Berar; 21 miles 

 E. of EUichpour. 



TUESDAY. See HOKE-Day, Tuisco, Tyr, .-.nd 

 Week. 



Tuesday Bay, in Geography, a bay on the coaft of Terra 

 del Fuego, in the Straits of Magellan. S. lat. t;2° 53'. 



TUESIS, in y^ncieni Geography, a town of the iflc of 

 Albion, bclongint^ to the Vocomagi, according to Ptolemy. 



TUFA, in Alineralogy and Geology, a ftonc formed by 



dcpofitions from fpring's or rivu'lets containing much earthy 



2 B matter 



