T U M 



upon the paftern or coffin-joint, fo as to endanger them ; in 

 which cafes the difcutient fomentation may be applied three 

 or four times a day, and a cloth or flannel frequently wrung 

 out of the fame may be bound on the parts. 



But when the fwellings fix themfelves under the jaws, 

 behind the ears, on the poll, the withers, or in the groin, 

 fheath, or other parts of the horfe, or any other animal, they 

 fhould be encouraged and brought forward by ripening 

 poultices, wherever they can be applied : oatmeal boiled 

 foft with milk, to which a proper quantity of oil and lard is 

 added, may anfwer this purpofe ; or the poultice compofed 

 of linfeed-meal, as ufed in other cafes : thefe (hould be ap- 

 plied twice a day, until the matter is perceived to fluftuate, 

 by the feel, under the finger, when it ihould be let out ; for 

 which purpofe a knife or ftrong lancet Ihould be ufed, 

 making an opening the whole length of the tumour, where 

 it can be fafely done, as nothing contributes fo much to a 

 kind healing of the parts, as the matter having a free dif- 

 charge, and the opening being fufficiently large to drefs it to 

 the very bottom. 



After this, pledgets of lint or tow, fpread thinly with 

 black or yellow bafilicon, or the wound ointment, and dipped 

 in the fame, melted down with a fifth part of oil of turpen- 

 tine, fhould be laid to the bottom of the fore, and the whole 

 filled up in a very light manner with the fame, without any 

 fort of fluffing. It may be'drefled in this way once or twice 

 a day, if the difcharge b<- great, until a proper digeftion be 

 brought on, when it fliould be changed for pledgets fpread 

 with the ointment with red precipitate, ufed in the fame man- 

 ner. If the fore Ihould not digeft kindly, but look pale, and 

 difcharge a thin watery fluid, it fliould be fomented as often as 

 it is drefled with the above fomentation, and the ilrong-beer 

 poultice be applied over the drefling, continuing the fame 

 until the matter grows thick, and the fore has a florid ap- 

 pearance. 



There are other indolent tumours fometimes occurring in 

 animals, but which are noticed under their proper heads. 



TuMOuns, Moory, in ytgrkulture, a term applied to the 

 fmall hilly fpots or fwells of boggy plots which are formed 

 on the banks of hanging flopes, or difperfed over flatter fur- 

 faces, in particular cafes and fituations. They may be 

 formed in various ways, as in the manner of quickfands, by 

 the waters which fall in their immediate vicinities, but which, 

 to produce certain defeAs of tlie wet kind in the lands, find 

 a receptacle fufficient to give the affefted tumoury parts a 

 conftant fupply of moifture, or what is enough for giving the 

 bog plants that take root upon them ftrength and fupport. 

 Thus, fuch rifing grounds as are formed of open, porous, or 

 freely condufting materials, having the lower borders of them 

 imperfeftly covered with an impermeable foil, are pecuharly 

 liable to be affefted with this fort of tumoury defeft. They 

 are likewife capable of being caufed by maffes of impenetrable 

 matters, which are lodged on the fides of the declivities, or at 

 the feet of them ; alfo by internal wetnefs, defcending 

 through the land in partial channels that lead it to the fur- 

 face ; and by the fame fort of wetnefs when confined beneath 

 an impermeable foil, but which is defeftive, and by reafon of 

 the weight thereof above it, admits of the confined moifture 

 rifing through veins of the fandy kind, or other condufting 

 fiibftances and paflages to the furface where thefe forts of 

 tumours are produced. 



Wherever lands are troubled with thefe kinds of tumours, 

 which is not unfrequently the cafe, they are to be removed 

 by drawing away the wetnefs in proper methods, and the 

 fuitable manuring, flocking, and managing of the ground, by 

 which means tliey may often be converted into good found 

 land. See Moou and W ASTE-Land. 



TUN 



TUMPACH, in Geography, a town of Bavaria, in the 

 Upper Palatinate ; 32 miles E.N.E. of Nuremberg. 



Tumping, in ylgruulture, a term applied to the work 

 of mo\dding up teafel crops, which is done in a clofe round 

 manner, in order to make them " haddle" out, or throw 

 forth fide-fhoots, as it is called. It often anfwers as a kind 

 of fence. 



TUMUCHANAIG, in Geography, a town of Hindoo- 

 ftan, in Madura ; 30 miles S.W. of Madura. 



TUN, a town of Sweden, in Weft Gothland ; 24 miles 

 W. of Skara. — Alfo, a town of Perfia, in Khoraflan ; 25 

 miles E.N.E. of Pafin. 



Tun, or Ton, originally fignifies a large veflel or caflc, of 

 an oblong form, biggeft in the middle, and diminifhing to- 

 wards its two ends, girt about with hoops, and ufed to put 

 up feveral kinds of merchandizes in, for their better car- 

 riage ; as brandy, oil, fugar, fi<ins, hats, &c. 



Some derive the word from autumnus, in regard it is then 

 tuns are moft needed. Du-Cange deduces it from tnnna or 

 tonna, words ufed in the bafe Latin for the fame thing ; 

 whence alfo timnare, to tun. 



The term is alfo ufed for certain vefli^ls of extraordinary 

 bignefs, ferving to keep wine in for feveral years. In Ger- 

 many, there are many which are fcarcely ever emptied : the 

 Heidelberg tun is famous. 



The tun we frequently, though improperly, call a hog' 

 Jhead. 



Tun, or Ton, is alfo n certain meafure for liquids ; as 

 wine, oil, &c. 



The Enghfh tun of wine contains 2 pipes, or 4 hog- 

 ftieads, or 252 gallons. See Measures, Table XXII. 



The ftandard gauge for foreign wines at the Cuftom-houfe 

 of London is as follows : the pipe of Port is 138 gallons ; 

 of Lilboii, 140; of Madeira, iio; of Barcelona, 120; of 

 Vidonia, 120. The butt of flierry is 130 gallons, and of 

 mountain, 120. Tlie hogfhead of claret is 58 gallons, and 

 of tent, 63. The awm of hock is 36 gallons. The gallon 

 ufed here is feven inches in diameter and fix inches deep. 

 The tun of animal oil is 252 gallons, and of vegetable oil 

 236 gallons. 



The tun of Amfterdam contains fix aems or awms j 

 the awm contains 4 ankers, 8 ftekans, 21 viertels, 64 

 ftoops, 128 mingels, 256 pints, or 1024 mufies ; and 

 holds 8966 Dutch, 7705 French, or 9351 Englifli cubic 

 inches, or about 40^ Enghfh wine gallons. The tun of 

 beer contains 128 mingels, like the above. A tun of corn 

 is i^ mudden, or i-J facks, and holds 5 fcheepels, 20 Tier- 

 devats, or 160 koops : 27 mudden are equal to a lafl of 

 corn, which contains 173208 Dutch cubic inches, 147120 

 French ditto, or 178549 Enghfh. 



A tun of Leyden flutter weighs 320 lbs., and a Viereodel 

 80 lbs. ; but the Vierendel of common Holland's butter 

 weighs 84 lbs. A Friefland tun is 328 lbs. ; and a Maflen- 

 broeck tun, 400 lbs. 



At Bayonne, a muid or hogfhead of wine contains 320 

 French pints, or about 76^ Englifti gallons ; and 4 muids 

 at Bayonne are equal to 5 at Bourdeaux. The pipe of 

 brandy holds 80 veltes, anfwering to about 156 Enghfh 

 gallons. 



At Bourdeaux, a tonneau of wine contains 4 barriques or 

 hogfheads, equal to 50 flekans of Amfterdam = 259 flubgen 

 of Hamburgh =; 243 Enghfh gallons ; and weighs with the 

 wood about 2000 lbs. of Bourdeaux. The barrique con- 

 tains 1 10 pots, or 32 velts. Brandy is contained in cafks 

 of 50 velts, more or lefs ; but it is fold by the ban-ique of 

 32 velts, or about 60 Enghfh gallons : 5 velts proof of 

 Bourdeaux make 4 veils proof, by which it is fold in Lon- 

 don. 



