TUN 



don. At Cognac it is fold by the 27 velts ; and 1 1 velts 

 proof of Cognac make 10 velts proof, by which it is fold in 

 London. A tun of butter, great meafure, at Bremen, is 

 reckoned at 300 lbs., but a tun of fmall meafure at 2 20 lbs. ; 

 100 lbs. of Bremen being equal to 1 10 lbs. avoirdupois. A 

 fuder of wine contains 6 ohms ; an ohm, 20 viertels = 45 

 ftubgens = 180 quarters = 720 mingels ; 45 ftubgens an- 

 swering to 38 Englifh gallons. Brandy is fold by the 30 

 viertels. A tonne of beer contains 48 ftubgens = 192 

 quarters. A hoglhead of train oil contains 2 tonnes = 12 

 fteckans = 192 mingels. 



At Brunfwick, a fuder of wine contains 4 oxhofts, or 

 6 aams ; an aam = 40 ftubgens = 160 quarters =: 320 

 noftels. A fafs of beer contains 4 tonnes ; a tonne 27 ftub- 

 gens ; and 63 ftubgens = 61 Englidi gallons. 



At Dantzic, a tonne or barrel of butter is = 16 lifponds 

 = 256 lbs. A laft of beer contains 6 fafles = 12 tonnes 

 or barrels = 1080 ftofs ; the beer-ftof being 141 Enghfh 

 cubic inches. A tonne or barrel of herrings contains 13 

 wahls, each of 80 herrings ; a laft of herrings, Luneburgh 

 fait, honey, pitch, tar, afties, Sec. contains 12 tonnes or 

 barrels ; and a laft of French, Scotch, or Spanifti fait, 

 when lying together, contains 18 tonnes, and when in fepa- 

 rate tonnes, only 16. 



At Elfmeur, in Denmark, the tonneau of French wine is 

 reckoned for 4 hogftieads, or 24 ankers ; the pipe of Spanifh 

 and Portugal wine for 2 hogftieads, or 1 2 ankers ; 30 Spanifti 

 arrobas, or 25 Portuguefe almuds of wine, for i regular 

 pipe ; the pipe of French brandy for 6 ankers ; the poin9on 

 ditto for 9 ankers ; the tiergon ditto for 4 ankers. 



At Embden, corn is fold in tonnes of 4 verps, 8 fcheffels, 

 or 144 kruefen : 15 tonnes, or 60 verps, make i laft, an- 

 fwering to 10 j Englifti quarters. 



In France, by the old fyftem, a tonneau of Orleans con- 

 tains 2 muids of Paris, the muid of wine at Paris being =: 

 71^ Englifti gallons: — a tonneau of Bourdeaux = 4 bar- 

 riques, each of 216 pintes of Paris, or 535 Englifti gallons. 



In moft parts of Germany, a laft of lime, tar, pitch, train 

 oil, butter, &c. is 12 tonnes or cafks ; a laft of herrings is 

 12 tonnes, each tonne containing about 800. See Tonneau. 



At Hamburgh, a tonne of butter, fmall meafure, is 

 224 lbs. ; ditto, great meafure, 280 lbs. : a pipe of oil is 

 820 lbs. ; and a fmall tonne of green foap is 60 lbs. : a 

 tonne of beer contains 48 ftubgen ; a fmall ditto, 32 ftub- 

 gen : a quarteel of train oil contains 2 tonnes or 64 ftubgen, 

 and is reckoned at 224 lbs. net weight. 



In Hanover, a tonne or barrel of honey contains 255 

 ftubgen, and weighs 300 lbs. 



In Holftein, the meafure for corn is the fame as that of 

 Copenhagen ; viz. the tonne of 8 fcheff^els, or 32 viertels', 

 1 00 of which tonnes yield about 49 Englifti quarters. A 

 tonne of beer contains 128 quartiers, or 25 Englifti beer- 

 gallons. 



For the yalue of the tonne at Konigflaerg in Pruflia, fee 

 Tonneau. 



At Lift)on, 135 quintals make a tun ; and each quintal 

 contains 4 arrobas ; the arroba 32 lbs., the pound of Lif- 

 bon weighing 7084J grains EngUfti troy weight ; fo that 

 83 lbs. of Lifbon ai-e equal to 84 lbs. of avoirdupois weight. 

 The ftandard gauge, at the Cuftom-houfc of London, of a 

 pipe of Liftjon, is (as above-mentioned) 140 gallons, and 

 this pipe is reckoned at 31 almudes, and the almude at 4^ 

 Englifti gallons nearly. 



At Nantes, in France, a tonneau of wine contains 2 pipes ; 

 a pipe, 2 barriques or hogftiead«, or . 240 pots ; the pot 

 holdi'ng 2 Paris pintes, and .the barcique containing 595 

 Enghfh gallons, and a poin^on of wine about, 545 ditto. 



TUN 



At Narva, in Livonia, a laft of corn contains 24 tonnes, 

 and a tonne 4 viertels, or 32 kapps : 26 tonnes of Narva 

 = 15 Englifti quarters nearly : the laft of French and 

 Spanifti fait is reckoned at 18 tonnes, each of 34 kapps. 

 The ahm of wine contains 4 ankers, and a pipe of Spanifti 

 wine is reckoned at 10 ankers ; of Ahcant and Portugal 

 wine at 1 3 ankers, Hamburgh meafure : a fafs of beer or 

 brandy contains 128 ftofs, and 44 ftofs anfwcr to about 15 

 Englifti gallons. 



At Oporto, the tun is = 2 pipes = 50 almudes = 2 potes = 

 1 2 canadas = 24 quartilhos = 8 meios. At Lifljon, both wine 

 and oil are fold by the pipe of 26 almudes ; but the pipe of 

 Liftion wine fent to England contains about 3 1 almudes, and 

 its ftandard gauge is 1 40 gallons : and therefore the Lif- 

 bon almude is reckoned at 4^ Englifti gallons. At Oporto, 

 the pipe is divided into 21 almudes, but this almude and its 

 fubdirifions are 49^ per cent, greater than thofe of Liftion. 

 Thus the ftandard gauge of a pipe of port, at the Cuftom- 

 houfe of London, is 138 gallons, which gives the almude of 

 Oporto equal to 6 Enghfti gallons and 5 pints nearly. Ships 

 are meafured by the tun, being a cylinder 6 feet high and 

 3^ feet in diameter, which gives the contents 57I cubic feet 

 nearly. The proportion between the almude of Liftjon and 

 that of Oporto isvarioudy given by different authors ; fome 

 make it ^o per cent., others 23, and others from 25 to 40; 

 but the real proportion, fays Dr. Kelly, is /\.g\ per cent.; 

 but in the common courfe of bufinefs, 2 almudes of Oporto 

 are reckoned equal to 3 of Lift)on. 



At Pernau, in Livonia, a laft of corn contains 24 tonnes, 

 the laft containing about 86i Winchefter buftiels, or 16 lafts 

 = 173 Enghfli quarters. But a laft of linfeed is reckoned 

 at 12 tonnes, and a laft of fait at 18 tonnes. 



At Revel, in Livonia, a laft of corn contains 24 tonnes, 

 and a tonne of fait is 4 loefa : 19 tonnes of corn in Revel are 

 = 8 Enghfti quarters. 



At Riga, a laft of rye contains 22^ tonnes ; a laft of 

 wheat or barley, 24 tonnes; a laft of oats, malt, or pcafe, 30 

 tonnes : 24 tonnes being = 48 loofs, and 56 loofs of Riga 

 = 1 3 Englifti quarters. 



At Stralfund, a laft of corn contains 8 dromts = 32 

 tonnes = 96 fcheffels : 46 fcheft'els contain 5 1 Enghfti 

 buftiels nearly, or 46 dromts = 76^ Enghfti quarters. 

 Kelly's Univ. Cambift. paffim. 



The great tun or Rhenifli wine-veffel of Heidelberg, 

 made in £343, contained 672 urnz, of 45 Englifli gallons 

 each ; beiiig in all 2690 Englifli gallons, or about 42 hog- 

 ftieads, or 2 1 pipes of wine. 



Tun is alfo a certain weight, by which the burden of 

 ftiips, &c. is eftimated. 



The fea tun is computed to weigh 2000 lbs., or 20 quin- 

 tals or hundred weight ( amounting to 2440 lbs. avoirdupois) ; 

 fo that when we fay a vcffel carries 200 tuns, we mean it is 

 able to carry 200 times the weight of 2000 lbs., /". e. 

 400,000 lbs. : it being found by a curious obfervation, that 

 the fea-water, whofe room the veffel fills when full loaden, 

 weighs fo much. 



To find the burden and capacity of a ftiip, they meafure 

 the hole or place where ftie is loaden ; allowing 42 cubic 

 feet to the fea tun. See Burden, and Tonnage under Ship- 

 building. 



The price of freight, or carriage of merchandizes, is or- 

 dinarily fettled on the foot of the fea tun : and yet, though 

 the tun is regularly 20cwt., there is fome difference made 

 in it, either on account of the cumberfomcnefs or bulk of 

 the commodities, the fpace they take up, or the like. See 

 Freight. , ,, 



Accordingly, at Bourdeaux, 4 barriques of wwe, and alio 

 3 E 2 of 



