TUN 



TUN 



t)f vinegar, honey, and turpentine, are held a tun ; 5 of 

 brandy, 3 of fyrup, 20 bufliels of chefnuts, and the hke of 

 corn, beans, hnfeed, walnuts, &c. ; 5 bales (each of 100 lbs. ) 

 of cork, 5 bales (each of 100 lbs.) of feathers and (kins, 

 and 8 of paper ; 10 cubic feet of marble, 20 quintals of iron 

 in bars, or lead in pigs, 3 bales of hemp (each of aoolbs.), 

 20 quintals, or 150 rolls of tobacco. 



At Stettin, the freight of (hips is generally valued by the 

 Dutch (hip laft, 5 of which are equal to 4lafts of Stettin ; 

 and 4000 lbs. of iron, and other heavy goods, 2000 lbs. of 

 lighter goods, fuch as hemp and flax, 565 fcheffels of corn, 

 13 calks of herrings, 8 hogfheads of wine, 5 fchocks (each 

 of 60 pieces) of pipe-ftaves, 7 fchocks of hogfhead-ftaves, 

 9 fchocks of barrel-ftaves, 65 cubic feet of oak-timber, or 

 70 cubic feet of fir-timber, are reckoned for a Dutch laft. 



A tan or load of timber is forty foUd feet, if the timber 

 be round ; if it be hewed or fquare, fifty-four. 



Tuns, in Natural Hijlory, a family of univalves. See 

 Shells and Conchology. 



Tun, Ton, in the ends of words or names of places, fig- 

 nifies a town, village, or dwelling-place : from the Saxon, 

 tun,fepes, vallum, villa, vlcus, oppldum ; and this from cfon, or 

 Jun, a hill, where they formerly built towns. 



Tvs-Greve, a name anciently ufed for a reeve or baihff, 

 qui in villis, i^ qux dicimus manerits, domini perfonam fuflinet , 

 ejufaue vice omnia difponit (sf moderotur. Spelman. 

 TvN-Hoo/, in Botany. See Glechoma. 

 TUNA, in Botany, flightly altered by Dillenius from 

 the South-American or Weft-Indian appellation of the 

 fame plants, Tune, Tunal, or Tunas, is retained by him for 

 the tribe of American Figs, named Opuntia by other modern 

 botanifts. He contends, with great probabihty, that 

 Opuntia of the ancients muft be fomething very diff"erent. 

 Linnaeus refers Tuna to Cactus ; fee that article. 



TuKA, in Geography, a fmall ifland in lake Menzaleh j 

 8 miles S.E. of Tennis. — Alfo, a fea-port of Egypt, in the 

 Red fea. The entrance is between rocks, and within the 

 greater part is filled with ftioals and rocks, which make the 

 harbour fmall. On the north fide is a tongue of land, 

 which forms good defence againft the north-weft wind; 52 

 miles S.S.E. of Cofeir. — Alfo, a town of Sweden, in Hel- 

 fingland ; 3 miles N. of Hudwickfwall. — Alfo, a town of 

 Sweden, in the province of Smaland ; 56 miles N. of 

 Calmar. — Alfo, a town of Norway, on the Glanmen ; 2 

 miles N.N.E. of Frederickftadt. — Alfo, a town of Arabia, 



in the province of Hedsjas ; 280 miles E. of Medina 



Alfo, a fmall ifland and village of Egypt, in the Tennis 



lake; 21 miles W.N.W. of Tineh Alfo, a town of 



Sweden, in DalecarHa ; 10 miles S. of Fahlun. 



TUNAL, a town of Mexico, in New Bifcay ; 74 miles 

 N.N.W. of Durango. 



TUNALLUS, in Ichthyology, a name given by Al- 

 bertus, and fome others, to the grayling, or umber. 

 TUNB, in Geography. See TuMB. 

 TUNBATE, a town of Brafil, in the government of 

 St. Paul ; 65 miles N.N.E. of St. Paul. 



TUNBO, a town of Sweden, in Sudermanland ; 50 

 miles W. of Stockholm. 



TUNBRIDGE, or Tonbridge, a market-town in the 

 lathe of Aylesford, and county of Kent, England ; is fituated 

 in an extenfive traft called the Lowey-of-Tunbridge, and is 

 diftant 13 miles W.S.W. from Maidftone, and 30 miles S.E. 

 from London. The term Lowey is derived from the Nor- 

 man French, and fignifies an exempt jurifdiftion round the 

 callle or chief manfion to which it appertained. In the 

 Domefday book this diftrift was included under the name 

 of Hailow, but no mention is made of a caftle ; whence it 

 4 



feems probable it was not erefted when that furyey was 

 made ; though it certainly was very fhortly afterwards. 

 It was built by Richard Fitz-Gilbert, afterwards earl of 

 Clare ; and under the protection of this fortrefs the town 

 grew up, and gave its own name to the caftle, which name 

 appears to have been derived from the bridges over the dif- 

 ferent ftrearas of the Medway, which flow on the fouth fide 

 of the town. Of thefe ftreams, which have each a bridge, 

 and are five in number, the fouthernmoft was anciently the 

 principal, as the northern now is ; though the latter was 

 originally formed to fupply the inner moat of the caftle. 

 This fortrefs has been at different periods the fcene of war 

 and of feftivity. Gilbert Rufus, who pofleffed it in the 

 reign of Henry III., joining the rebellious barons, was be- 

 fieged by prince Edward, when the garrifon burnt the town 

 to prevent its being ufeful to that prince, who, however, 

 took the caftle : but Gilbert having joined the royal 

 ilandard, it was reftored to him. Here he entertained 

 Edward, then become his fovereign, in a fplcndid manner 

 for many days, on his return from Paleftine. Prince 

 Edward, afterwards Edward II., alfo made Tunbridge his 

 temporary refidence. In the next reign, the caftle and 

 manor paffed by marriage to Ralph, earl of Stafford, whofe 

 defcendants roie to a rank that eclipfed all other fubjefts, 

 having five earldoms vefted in them, and being at length 

 advanced to ducal honours. In the rergn of Henry VIII. 

 the caftle became forfeited to the crown by the attainder of 

 Edward, duke of Buckingham. Queen Elizabeth granted 

 the lordfhip and caftle to her coufin Henry Carey, lord 

 Hunfdon, from whom they defcended to the Berkleys : 

 having paffed through various poffeffors, they are now the 

 property of the Woodgates of Summerhill. The remains 

 of the caftle ftand on the fouth-weft fide of the town, but 

 are principally confined to an entrance-gateway, flanked by 

 round towers, and tolerably perfeft, (probably rebuilt ia 

 the 14th century,) and the artificial mount on which the 

 keep ftood. The caftle was environed by three moats, 

 within the outermoft of which the ancient town was chiefly 

 confined. At a fhort diftance was a priory of Auftin 

 canons, founded by Richard de Clare, firft earl of Hertford, 

 about the end of the reign of Henry I. The buildings 

 were all deftroyed by fire in 1351 ; but were foon after- 

 wards rebuilt. This was one of the houfes fuppreffed in 

 1525, to endow Wolfey's intended colleges at Ipfwich and 

 Oxford. From the foundations, yet vifible, this priory 

 appears to have been very extenfive : but only a few frag- 

 ments now remain, befides the refeftory or hall, which is 

 ufed as a barn. 



The town of Tunbridge principally confifts of one long 

 and wide ftreet, kept remarkably clean, and containing many 

 refpeftable houfes. At the entrance from London is a 

 ftone caufeway, the gift of John WiUbrd, citizen of London, 

 in 1528. The principal bridge was ereifted in 1775, at the 

 expence of 1 100/., from a defign by Mr. Milne : near it is a 

 wharf for the reception of the timber brought hither from 

 the Weald, and afterwards fent down the Medway. The 

 church, which is a fpacious fabric, was new pewed and orna- 

 mented, withabequeftof5co/., made by the late John Hooker, 

 efq. It contains fome good monuments of various families. 

 Weever mentions " the portraitures of lord Hugh Stafford, 

 kneehng in his coate-armour, and his bow-bearer, Thomas 

 Bradlaine, by him," as remaining in his time in the north 

 window. Many bequefts have been made by different per- 

 fons for the ufe of the poor inhabitants of this diftrift ; but 

 the principal charitable foundationsis the free grammar-fchool, 

 a capacious edifice at the north end of the town, which 

 was founded and endowed by fir Andrew Judde, a native 



of 



