T U R 



Eaftern and Mahometan nations ; confifting of two parts, 

 i<iz. a cap, and a fa(h of fine linen or tafFety, artfully 

 wound in divers plaits about the cap. 



The word is formed from the Arabic "IfCT '^^''t °^ "iTT 

 dur, or '^»^"7 dal, or ^T^ Jul, which lignifies to encompafs, 

 and "153 band or bend, which fignihss fajh, or fcarf, or 

 iand; (o that durbant, or turbant, or tulbant, only fignifies 

 ?i fcarf, ox fajli, tied round ; it being the fafli that gives the 

 denomination to the whole turban. 



The cap is red or green, without any brim, pretty flat, 

 though roundifh at top, and quilted with cotton, but does 

 not cover the ears. About this is wrapped a round piece 

 of fine thin Unen or cotton, in feveral wreaths varioufly 

 difpofed. 



There is a good deal of art in giving turbans the fine air ; 

 and the making of them up conftitutes a particular trade, 

 as the making of hats does among us. 



The emirs, who pretend to be defcended of the race of 

 Mahomet, wear their turbans green : thofe of the other 

 Turks are ordinarily red, with a white fafli. The genteel 

 people have frequent changes of turbans. M. de Tourne- 

 fort obferves, that the turban, all things confidered, is a 

 very commodious drefs ; and that he even found it more 

 eafy to him than his French habit. 



The grand fignor's turban is as big as a bufliel, and is 

 fo exceedingly refpefted by the Turks, that they dare 

 fcarce touch it. It is adorned with three pkimes of feathers 

 enriched with diamonds and precious ftones : he has a mi- 

 nifter on piirpofe to look to it, called tulbentoglan. See 

 Crown. 



That of the grand vizir has two pUimes ; fo have thofe 

 of divers other officers, only fmaller one than another ; 

 others have only one, and others none at all. The turban 

 of the officers of the divan is of a pecuHar form, and called 

 mugenezek. 



The fafh of the Turks' turban, we have obferved, is white 

 linen ; that of the Perfians is red woollen. Thefe are the 

 dillinguifhing marks of their different religions ; Sophi, 

 king of Perfia, who was of the feft of Ah, being the firft 

 who afTumed that colour, to diftinguifh himfelf from the 

 Turks, who are of the feft of Omar, and whom the Per- 

 fians elleem heretics. 



TuRBAX, or Clavicle, in Conchology, denotes tlie aggre- 

 gate, or whole fet of the whirls of a fhell, and forms its 

 lower part. The flat, or hehx turban, is one fo flightly 

 prominent, as to be nearly on a level. There are alfo tlie 

 fhort turban, the produced turban, and the long turban. 



TuRB-A-N-To/i, in Botany. See Helvella. 



TuRBAV-5/jf//, Cidciris, in Natural Hijlory, tlie name of 

 a genus of the echinodermata, which are of a hemifpheric 

 or fpheroidal figure, and have their name from the Latin 

 cidaris, a Perfian turban, as in foine degree refembling that 

 head-drefs. 



Of this there are feveral genera, and fubordinate fpecies. 



This clafs of the echinodermata is made out by the affill- 

 ance of the foffil, as well as the recent animals ; many of 

 the kinds being now unknown on any fhores. Klein's 

 Echinod. p. 17. See Echinodehma. 



TURBANIA, in Ancient Geography, a fountain of 

 Paleftine, at the foot of mount Gilbon, according to Wil- 

 liam of Tyre. 



TURBARY, Turbaria, a right to dig turf in an- 

 other man's ground ; from twba, an old Latin word for a 

 turf. 



TuRB.\RT, Common of, is a liberty which fome tenants 

 liave by prefcriptioii to dig on the lord's wafte. See 

 Common. 



T U R 



Turbaria is fometimes alfo taken for the ground where 

 turfs are digged. 



Turbaria Bruaria, more particularly denotes flaw- 

 turf, or heath-turf ; mentioned in the charter of Hammon 

 de Maffy. 



TURBED, in Geography, a town of Perfia, in the pro- 

 vince of Chorafan ; 90 miles S.S.W. of Mefcliid. 



TURBELA, in Ancient Geography, a town of Hitlier 

 Spain, fituated towards the fouth, and fuppofed to be the 

 fame with that which Livy calls Turba. 



TURBET, in Geography, a town of Pennfylvania, in the 

 county of Northumberland, containing 2917 inhabitants. 



TURBICO, or TuRBiGO, a town of Italy, in the de- 

 partment of the Olona ; 18 miles \V. of Milan. 



TURBINATA O.ssa, in Anatomy, turbinated bones ; 

 certain bony plates belonging to the nofe. See NosE and 

 Cranium. 



TURBINATED, is a term applied by naturalifts to 

 fliells which are fpiral or wreathed, conically, from a larger 

 bafis to a kind of apex. 



TURBINES, in Natural Kiflory. See TuRBO. 



TURBINIT^, fofiile fhells of the turbo kind, or ftones 

 found in thofe fhells. 



TURBIT, in Ichthyology, the fame with turbot. 



TuRBiT Pigeon, a particular fpecies of pigeon, remark- 

 able for its fhort beak, and called by the Dutch cort lei, 

 that is, fljort b;aL Moore calls it in Latin cohimba Jimbri- 

 cata ; and its Englifli name feems no other than a bad pro- 

 nunciation of its Dutch one. It is a fmall and fhort -bodied 

 pigeon, and has a beak no longer than that of a partridge ; 

 the fhorter this is, the more the pigeon is efleemed. It has 

 a fhort round head, and the feathers upon the breafl open, 

 and refleft both ways, ftanding out hke the frill of the 

 bofom of a fhirt. This is called by many the pitrle, and 

 the more the bird has of it, the more it is efleemed ; tlie 

 tail and back are generally of one colour, as blue, black, 

 red, yellow, or dun, and fometimes checquered ; the flight- 

 feathers, and thofe of all the refl of the body, ai-e white ; 

 they are a light nimble pigeon, and, if trained to it, will 

 take very high flights, in the manner of the tumblers. 



TURBITH, TuRPETji, or Turpethnm, a medicinal 

 root, brought from the Eafl Indies, particularly from Cam- 

 baya, Surat, and Goa ; though others will have it, that 

 the true turbith comes chiefly from Ceylon. 



It is the cortical part of the root of a fpecies of convol- 

 vulus, av'c. the convolvulus turpeihum of Linnseus. 



The turbith of the moderns bears fo little refemblance to 

 that of the ancients, that it is difficult to fuppofe them the 

 fame. That fold by our druggifts is a longifli root, about 

 the thicknefs of the finger, refinous, lieavy, and of a 

 brownilh hue without, and whitifh within. It is brought 

 to us cloven in the middle, lengthwife, and the heart or 

 woody matter taken out. The bell is ponderous, not 

 wrinkled, eafy to break, and difcovers to the eye a large 

 quantity of refinous matter. 



This root, on the organs of tafle, makes at firft an im- 

 preflion of fweetnefs ; but when chewed for fome time, be- 

 trays a naufeous acrimony. It is accounted a moderate 

 flrong cathartic, but does not appear to be of the fafeft or 

 moil certain kind ; the refinous matter, in which its virtue 

 refides, being very unequally diftributed ; infomuch that, 

 as it is faid, fome pieces taken from a fcruple to a drachm 

 purge violently, whilft others in larger dofes have very 

 little efFeft. Levi-is. 



It is commonly fuppofed to take its name turbith from 

 turbare, on account of the violence of its operation, as dif- 



turbing 



