T U R 



T U R 



Manillensis. From cinereous to blue ; blue rump ; 

 tail-feathers and tail red at the margin, blackifh ; throat and 

 breaft fpotted with yellow ; abdomen orange-coloured, un- 

 dulated with blue and white. The penfive thru(h of Latham. 

 Found in the Manillas. 



SoLiTARius. Brown ; fpotted for the moft part with 

 whitilh ; and blackifh tail. The foiitary fparrow of Ray 

 and Willughby, and fohtary thriifh of Latham. Found in 

 France, Italy, and the iflands of the Mediterranean and 

 Archipelago. 



Cyanus. With feathers cinereous-blue at the margin ; 

 mouth and eye-hds yellow. The Indian mockbird of Ray, 

 the foiitary fparrow of Edwards, and blue thrufh of La- 

 tham. ' Found in Candia, the Archipelago iflands, and the 

 rocks of Italy. 



Arundinaceus. Brown-ferruginous ; beneath whitifh- 

 teftaceous ; with tail-feathers banded and reddifli at the apex. 

 The junco of Gefner, Aldrovand, Ray, and Willughby. 

 The varieties are T. arundinaceus, with red rump and tail ; 

 the T. arund., above varied with black darts ; and lead T. 

 arund., above from yellowifh to green ; with covers of the 

 wings ferruginous. Found among the reeds of Europe. 



MoRio. Shining-black, with the greater tail-feathers 

 red, and apex black. The African thrulh of Latham. 

 Found at the Cape of Good Hope. 



BicoLOR. Brown tinted with green ; abdomen and vent 

 white. The white-rumped thrufh of Latham. Found as 

 the former. 



Erythropterus. Black, with red wings ; wing- 

 covers and lower quill-feathers of the tail, the intermediate 

 excepted, white at the apex ; tail wedge-formed. The 

 rufous-winged thrufh of Latham. Found near the Senegal 

 river. 



Chrysogaster. Green tinted with orange ; beneath 

 orange ; bill and legs brown. The orange-bellied thrufh of 

 Latham. A variety is from blue to green ; beneath orange. 

 Found near the river Senegal, and at the Cape of Good 

 Hope. 



Urovang. Cinereous ; vertex greenifh-black ; refl of 

 the head, neck, breaft, and body above varying to olive- 

 coloured ; the abdomen and crefl yellowifh. The cinereous 

 thrufh of Latham. Found in Madagafcar. 



SuRlNAMUS. Shining-black ; vertex, rump, and lateral 

 fpot on the breaft yellow. The Surinam thrufh of Latham. 



CoLUMBlNUS. Green, refledting different forts of co- 

 lours ; the rump and vent fometimes white. The pigeon 

 thrufh of Latham. Found in the Philippine ifles. 



DoMINlCANTS. Above brown ; here and there tinted 

 with violet and fteel ; beneath from brownifh to white ; tail 

 fteel-coloured at the bafc, greenifh towards the apex. The 

 Dominican thrufh of Latham. Found in the Philippine 

 ifles. 



Cantor. From greenifli to black, fliining-blue and 

 violet ; with tail-feathers and tail black. The fongfter 

 thrufli of Latham. Found as the former. 



Malabaricus. Shining-green ; yellow front ; throat, 

 bill and legs black ; covers of the wings and ftreak on the 

 lower mandible blue. The yellow-fronted thrufli of Latham. 

 Fovnd in Malabar. 



Seleucia. With bill and legs yellowifli ; abdomen and 

 back incarnate ; tail, wings, and thighs brown. Found in 

 Smyrna. 



Zeylonus. Green ; beneath yellow ; ocular line on 

 both fides extended as far as the black breaft. The Ceylon 

 thrufli of Latham. Found at Ceylon and the Cape of 

 Good Hope. 



T URDUS Jquaticus of BrifFon, See Tringa Macularia. 



Turdus Chiappn, the name of a bird of the Weft Indie?, 

 called alfo paffer faber. 



Turdus, in Ichthyology, the name of a genus of fifhes, 

 according to Mr. Ray, of the clafs of thofe which have only 

 one back-fin, the anterior rays of which are prickly ; the 

 hinder ones foft and fmooth. 



Of thefe fifh there are feveral fpecies, which may pro- 

 perly be divided into two orders ; the firft, of thofe which 

 are fmaller and broad ; the fecond, of thofe which are larger 

 and oblong. 



Of the firft order are the tinea marina, or wrajfe (fee 

 Labru.s Tinea) ; ths merula, or turdus niger (fee Labrus 

 Merula'); the lepras, and plra pixanga ; and the turdus vi- 

 ridis, or verdone. Ray's Ichthyogr. p. 320. 



Of the fecond order are the pavo, or peacock-fjb (fee 

 Cn.'ETODON Pavo) ; and the turdus -viridis major, and turdus 

 fiifcus maculofus. 



The turdus viridis major, or great green wraffe, is of a 

 fine green on its back and fides, even to the fide-lines ; and 

 the lower part of the fides and belly are of a pale whitifti 

 yellow, variegated with greyifh and pale blue fpots ; its 

 body is long, and not much unlike that of the pike in figure ; 

 its back-fin is long, and has thirty-two ribs, the anterior 

 nineteen of which are rigid and prickly, the hinder twelve 

 foft, flexile, and ramofe ; the icales are large, the eyes 

 fmall, and the teeth very large and ftrong. 



The turdus fufcus maculofus, or brown fpotted wrafle, 

 fcarcely at all differs from the others, except in colour. It 

 is of a duflty hue on the back and fides, variegated v/ith blue 

 fpots ; and on the belly blue, with lines and fpots of red. 

 All the fins, except thofe of the gills, are of a red colour, 

 fpotted with blue ; the tail alfo is of this colour, and the 

 gill-fins are yellow. Ray's Ichthyogr. p. 322. 



Turdus Oculo Radiato of Catefby. See Sparus Radiatiu. 



Turdus Primoris BranchiaUbus Carens. See Labrus 

 Grifeus. 



Turdus Fla-vus. See Labrus Rufus. 



TURECUATO, in Geography, a town of Mexico, in 

 the province of Mechoacan ; 60 miles W. of Mechoacan. 



TUREE, a town of Bengal; 40 miles S.S.E. of Cur- 

 ruckdeah. N. lat. 24° 30'. E. long. 86° 56'. 



TURENBERG, a town of Pruflia, in Samland ; i6 

 miles W.N.W. of Konigfberg. 



TURENNE, Henry de la Tour, Vifcount of, in 

 Biography, a famous general, was the fon of Henry de la 

 Tour d'Auvergne, duke of Bouillon, by Elizabeth, 

 daughter of William I. prince of Orange, and born at 

 Sedan in 161 1. Deftined from his childhood to the mihtary 

 profeffion, his education and habits were condufted and 

 formed with this view. Having acquired the neceffary 

 quahfications, he was placed, in 1634, at the head of a 

 French regiment, in which poft he acquitted himfelf with 

 honour ; and having purfued a career of diftinguifhed fer- 

 vices, cardinal Richelieu, in 1638, offered him one of his 

 nieces in marriage ; but his attachment to the reformed re- 

 hgion led him to decline the propofal. After he had ferved 

 17 years in Italy and elfewhere with Angular reputation, he 

 obtained, in 1644, the ftaff of marfhalof France, and wasen- 

 trufted with the command of the army in Germany, the 

 wants of which he fupplied out of his own purfe. When 

 the war of the Fronde broke out in 1649, ^^ withdrew to 

 Holland, but afterwards returned and engaged with the 

 party opoofed to the court. In this conneftion he was de- 

 feated near Rhetel in 1650 ; and when aflced how he had 

 loft this battle, he replied, " By my own fault ; but when 

 a man commits no faults in war, it is becaufe he has not 

 been long engaged in it." In 1651 his difference with the 



French 



