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anfweringto i68 lbs. pefolottile of Venice, or about 112 lbs. 

 avoirdupois. The corn meafure, called caffifo, contains 

 20 tiberi, and is equal to 4 ftaja of Venice : fo that 1 3 caf- 

 fifi = 1 5 Engliih quarters. The oil meafure, called mattaro, 

 weighs 42 rottoli, or about 47 lbs. avoirdupois. The pic, or 

 ell, is equal to 2-f of Genoefe palmi, or 21^ Englifh inches. 

 Kelly's Univerfal Cambift. 



Turkey, a town of the ftate of New Jerfey; 13 miles 

 N.N.W. of Amboy. 



Turkey Creek, a river of South Carolina, which runs 

 into the Cangaree, N. lat. 34° 50'- W. long. 81° 35'.— 

 Alfo, a river of America, which runs into the Ohio, N. lat. 

 38° 22'. W. long. 83° 12'. 



Turkey Foot, a townfhip of Pennfylvania, in Somerfet 

 county, containing 975 inhabitants. 



Turkey Hill, a townfhip of Illinois territory, in the 

 county of St. Clair, containing 1 1 5 1 inhabitants. 



Turkey Point, a cape on the coaft of Maryland, at the 

 mouth of the Sufquehanna, where it takes the name of Chefa- 

 peak. Here the Britifli army landed in Auguft. 1777, as 

 they were advancing to Philadelphia; 16 miles S.E. of 

 Elkton Alfo, a cape on the N. coaft, of lakf Erie. 



Turkey Rher, a river of Louiliana, which runs into the 

 Miffiflippi, N. lat. 42° 10'. W. long. 91° 55'. 



Turkey Town, a town of the ftate of Georgia ; 60 miles 

 N. of Oakfulkee. 



Tukkey, Meleagris, in Ornithology, a diftinft genus of 

 birds, of the order of the Gallinae. For the dift^inguifoing 

 charafters and fpecies, fee Meleagris. 



Wild turkies preferve a famenefs of colouring ; the tame 

 varying ; but the black approaching neareft to the original 

 ftock. Of late a beautiful kind has been introduced into 

 England of a fnowy whitenefs, finely contrafting with its 

 red head. The ufual weight of the wild turkey is about 

 30 lbs. 



The paflions of the males are ftrongly exprefled by the 

 change of colours in the fle(hy fubftance of head and neck, 

 which alters to red, white, blue, and yellowilli, as they are 

 differently affefted. One cock ferves many hens, who retire 

 to an obfcure place in order to fit, the cock being apt to 

 break the eggs. The females are very affeftionate to tlieir 

 young, and though the eggs addle, will almoll perifh with 

 hunger, unlefs they are removed, before they will quit the 

 neft. 



Turkies delight much in the feeds of nettles, but thofe of 

 the purple fox-glove are fatal to them. They are ftupid, 

 quarrelfome, and cowardly birds ; they are fwift runners, 

 but indifferent flyers ; they love to perch on trees, and in a 

 wild ftate, get fo high as to be beyond the reach of the 

 mullcet. 



In the ftate of nature they go in flocks, even of five hun- 

 dred, and feed much on the iniall red acorns, frequenting the 

 fwamps of their native country, where they rooft, but at 

 fun-rifing repair to the dry woods in fearch of acorns and 

 berries. The flefli of the wild turkey is faid to be preferable 

 to that of the tame, but redder. 



Wild turkies are now very rare in the inhabited parts of 

 America, but are found in numbers in the diftant and moft 

 unfrequented fpots. 



The Indians make a very elegant clothing of the feathers, 

 twifting the inner webs into a ftrong double thread of hemp, 

 or inner bark of the mulberry-tree, and working it like 

 matting : it appears rich and gloffy, and as fine as a filk 

 fliag. They alfo make fans of the tail, and the French of 

 Louifiana were wont to make umbrellas by the junftion of 

 four of the tails. 



Turkies are natives only of America, or the New World, 



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and of courfe unknown to the ancients : this is a point which 

 Mr. Pennant has eftablifhed by an elaborate induAion of 

 various particulars in the hiftory of thefe birds; evincing 

 that they are natives neither of Europe, Afia, nor Africa. 

 The firft precife defcription of them is given by Oviedo, in 

 1525 ; they are alfo mentioned as natives of the main land 

 of the warmer parts of America, by Fernandez, phyfician to 

 Philip II. who wrote between the years 1555 and 1598 : they 

 were alfo frequently feen, both in their wild and tame ftate, 

 by Dampier, in the province of Yucatan, now a part of 

 Mexico. 



In North America they were obferved by the firft difco- 

 verers. They were firft introduced into Europe from Mexico 

 or Yucatan, and imported into England, probably from Spain, 

 as early as the year 1524. Since that period they have been 

 fuccefsfully cultivated in this kingdom, fo that in the year 

 1585 they made a difti even in our rural feafts. But in 

 France they were fo rare, that the firft which was eaten ia 

 that kingdom appeared at the nuptial feaft of Charles IX. 

 in 1570. Phil. Tranf. vol. Ixxi. parti, p. 67, &c. See 

 Poultry. 



Tvv.vi-e.\ -Berry Tree, in Botany. See CoRDIA. 



Turkey Company and Silt. See Co.mpany and Silk. 



Turkey Leather. (See Morocco Leather.) The pro- 

 ceffes for dyeing leather red and yellow, as praAifed in Tur- 

 key, with the direftions for preparing and tanning the (Ivins, 

 as communicated by Mr. Philippo, a native of Armenia, who 

 obtained 100/. and a gold medal from the Society for the 

 Encouragement of Arts, as a reward for the difcovery, 

 are as follow. 



1. FirJI Preparation of the Skins, both for Red and Telloiu 



Leather, by drejpng them in Lime Let the fliins, dried with 



the hair on, be firft laid to foak in clean water for three days ; 

 let them then be broken over the flefti-fide, put into frefti 

 water for two days longer, and afterwards hung up to drain 

 half an hour. Let them now be broken on the flefti-fide, 

 limed in cold lime on the fame fide, and doubled together 

 with the grain-fide outward. In this ftate they muft be 

 hung up within-doors over a frame for five or fix days, till 

 the hair be loofe ; which muft then be taken off, and the 

 Jkins returned into the lime-pit for about three weeks. Take 

 them out, and let them be well worked flefh and grain, every 

 fixth or ft venth day during that time ; after which, let them 

 be wathed ten times in clear water, changing the water at 

 each waftiing. They are next to be prepared in drench, as 

 below mentioned. 



2. Second Preparation of the Skins for both the Red and Tel- 



lo'w Dyes by drenching After fqueezing the water out of 



the fl<ins, put them into a mixture of bran and water, warm 

 as new milk, in the following proportions ; viz.. about three 

 pounds of bran for five fliins, and water fufficient to make 

 the mixture moderately fluid, which will be about a gallon 

 to each pound of bran. In this drench let the flcins lie three 

 days ; at the end of which time they muft be well worked, 

 and afterwards returned into the drench two days longer. 

 They muft then be taken out and rubbed between the hands ; 

 the water fqueezed from them, and the bran fcrapcd off clear 

 from both fides of the /kins. After this they muft be again 

 waftied ten times in clear water, and the water fqueezed out 

 of them. 



Thus far the preparatory procefs of all the (kins, whether 

 intended to be dyed red or yellow, is the fame ; but after- 

 wards thofo which are tp be dyed red, muft be treated as 

 follows. 



3. Preparation in Honey and Bran of the Skins that are to 

 be dyed Red. — Mix one pound of honey with three pints of 

 lukewarm water, and ftir them together till die honey is 



diffolvcd. 



