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kinds of Fiflies known in England, amounting to more than 

 fifty, are briefly diftinguifhed, with their Latin and Englifh 

 names. At the conclufion of the dedication of his Herbal 

 to the queen he promifes a book of the names and natures 

 of fifhes tliat are within her raajelly's dominions, if he might 

 have reit and quietnefs in his old age, and defence from his 

 enemies, " whiche," fays he, " have more then thefe eight 

 yeares continuallye troubled me verye much, and holden me 

 from my booke." He fpeaks here alfo of ficknefs, as an 

 impediment to his labours. His work upon baths is marked 

 with the fame originality of thought, and praftical obferva- 

 tion, as his botanical and zoological writings. Turner 

 wrote alfo on the " Wines commonly ufed in England," and 

 on the " Nature and Vertue of Treacle." His numerous 

 treatifes on controverfial divinity, publifhed and unpublifhed, 

 were chiefly in defence of the Reformation ; but his moft 

 valuable undertaking of this kind we prefume to have been 

 his collation of the tranflation of the Bible, with He- 

 brew, Greek, and Latin copies, in confequence of which he 

 found occafion to correft it in many places. How far his 

 correftions were turned to advantage by the tranflators m 

 James L's time, we are not informed. 



Dr. Pulteney obferves, that " he procured to be printed 

 at Antwerp, a new and correfted edition of the Hijlor'ta 

 Gentis nojlra, f. Anglie, written by William of Newburgh, 

 from a manufcript he found in the library of Wells ;" but 

 he complains of the printer, for omitting his preface as well 

 as other communications. Turner tranflated feveral works 

 from the Latin, particularly " The Comparifon of the old 

 Learning and the new ;" %vritten by Urbanus Regius ; 

 printed at Southwark in 1537, in 8vo. ; and again in 1538 

 and 1548. We regret having never met with this book, as 

 the futjeft promifes much ; and in the hands of Turner, or 

 any man like him, who dared to think for himfelf, and whofe 

 judgment was regulated by prudence and leai-ning, it could 

 not but be valuable and inftruftive. — Turner's Herbal. 

 Haller's Bibl. Bot. Pukeney's Sketches of the Progrefs of 

 Botany. Dryand. Bibl. Banks. S. 



Turner, William, a fellow (Indent with Purcell and 

 Dr. Tudway, among the fecond fet of chapel-children under 

 Dr. Blow, was fwom in gentleman of the royal chapel in 

 1669, as a counter-tenor finger, his voice fettling to that 

 pitch ; a circunillance which fo feldom happens, naturally, 

 that if it be cultivated, the pofleffor is furc of employment : 

 and, in confequence of its utility, foon after his reception into 

 the chapel royal, he was appointed vicar-choral in the cathe- 

 dral of St. Paul's, and a lay -vicar of the collegiate church of 

 St. Peter, Weftminiler. In 1696, he was admitted to the 

 degree of doftor in mufic at Cambridge. 



Dr. Turner arrived at the great age of eighty -eight, and 

 dpng in 1 740, was buried in the cloifter of Wellminfter 

 Abbey, in the fame grave with his wife ; who, being nearly 

 of the fame age, died but four days before him, after living 

 together with great harmony of difpofition, and felicity, 

 near feventy years. 



In many of our cathedral books there is an anthem, " I 

 ■will alway give thanks," which is called the club-anthem, on 

 account of its having been compofed by three mailers in 

 conjunftion ; but not, as has been faid, by Dr. Boyce and 

 others, " as a memorial of the ftrift friendfhip that fubfilled 

 between them:" for, according to Dr. Tudway, who re- 

 membered the tranfaftion, and records it with the anthem 

 in the Muf. Colleft. vol. iii. " the anthem was compofed 

 by order of Charles II. at a very rtiort notice, on account 

 of a victory at fea over the Dutch, the news of which 

 arrived on Saturday, and the king wiftiing to have the 

 anthem perfor.Tied the next day, and none of the mafters 



10 



choofmg to undertake it, three of the children of the ehapel, 

 Humphrey, Blow, and Turner, performed the ta/k." 



There are two whole fervices, and feveral anthems, of 

 Dr. Turner's compofition in Tudway's colleftion, with an 

 ode for the folemnity of St. Ceciha's day, 1 697, accompanied 

 with violins and trumpets. To this there is a long fym- 

 phony or overture, confiding of two movements, the fecond 

 of which is in triple time, upon a ground, feemingly in imi- 

 tation of Purcell, as the firft movement is of Lulli. After 

 this produftion, is inferted his anthem, " The King /hall 

 rejoyce," which is more in the ftyle of a fecular ode, than 

 a compofition for the church. The divifions, light and 

 common in the laft century, are now become extremely old- 

 fafliioned. 



Turner, in Geography, a townihip of the province of 

 Maine ; 172 miles N. of Bofton. 



Turner's Cerate. See Ceratum Epuloticum. 



TURNERA, in Botany, was dedicated by Pluraier to 

 the memory of Dr. Willia.m Turner, (fee that article,) 

 whom he charafterizes, in fpite of his herefy, as " a man of 

 folid learning and judgment." — Plum. Gen. 15. t. 12. 

 Linn. Gen. 149. Schreb. 201. Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. 1503. 

 Mart. Mill. Di<ft. V. 4. Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 2. 172. Jufl". 

 313. Lamarck lUuftr. t. 212. Gzrtn. t. 76. (Piriqueta; 

 Aubl. Guian. 298. Juff. 295.) — Clafs and order, P«i/an- 

 dria Trigynia. Nat. Ord. Columnifert, Linn. Portulacea? 

 Juff. Rather Tiliacea. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth inferior, double ; the outermofl; j 

 of two combined, oblong, permanent leaves ; inner of one ■ 

 leaf, funnel- (haped, deciduous ; tube oblong, ere A, cylin- * 

 drical, flightly angidar ; limb ereft, in five deep lanceolate 

 fegments, the length of the tube. Cor. Petals five, inverfely 

 heart-fhaped, pointed, flat, moderately fpreading ; claws 

 narrow, inferted into the tube of the calyx. Stam. Fila- 

 ments five, awl-fhaped, Ihorter than the corolla, inferted 

 into the tube of the calyx ; anthers pointed, ereft. Pifi. 

 Germen fuperior, conical ; ftyles three, thread-fliaped, the 

 length of the ftamens ; fligmas in many capillary divifions. 

 Perk. Capfule ovate, of one cell and three valves. Recep- 

 tacles linear, attached lengthwife to the valves. Seeds nu- 

 merous, oblong, obtufe, dotted, each furniftied with an ob- 

 long, membranous, lateral tunic. 



Efl^. Ch. Outer calyx of two permanent leaves ; inner 

 funnel-ftiaped, five-deft, deciduous. Petals five, inferted 

 into the calyx. Stigmas many -cleft. Capfule fuperior, of 

 one cell, and three valves. Seeds numerous, each with a 

 lateral tunic. 



Of this well-marked genus, which we prefume to belong 

 to Juffieu's T'diacex rather than to any other of his orders, 

 Linnseus has defcribed but four fpecies, to which Willde- 

 now has added five from Aublet and Jacquin. We are en- 

 bled to furnifh three new fpecies from the Linnasan her- 

 barium. Aublet's Piriqueta differs from the reft merely in 

 having five ftyles, a point of no generic importance in the 

 prefent cafe. All the fpecies are found within the tropics, 

 in South America, or the Weft Indies ; none in the Eaft 

 Indies, nor in Europe. Their Jlems are either flirubby or 

 herbaceous. Leaves alternate, llalked, fimple, and moftly 

 undivided, though crenate or ferrated. Pubtfccnce rather 

 filky. Floiuers yellow, ftalked, axillary, or occafionally 

 racemofe ; their llalks in fome inftances combined with thofe 

 of the leaves. Outer calyx wanting in fome of the fpecies. 



I. T. ulmifolia. Elm-leaved Turnera. Linn. Sp. PI. 387. 

 Willd. n. I. Ait. n. 1. Lamarck t. 212. (T. frutefcens 

 ulmifolia; Plum. Gen. 15. Mart. Cent. t. 49. f. I. T. e 

 petiolo florens, foliis ferratis ; Linn. Hort. Cliff. 1 12. t. 10. 

 T. n. 2; MUl. Ic. 179.1. 268. f. 2.) 



^. T. 



