TURNERA. 



ground in Jamaica. Sent by M. Richard, in 1 774, to Kcw 

 garden, wher? it flowered in the ftove, from June to Oc- 

 tober. The root is annual, long and fimple. Stems one or 

 more, fubdivided, ereft, from fix to twelve inches high, 

 round, leafy, hairy. Leaves on ftiort ftalks, fpreading, 

 bluntly toothed or ferrated, about an inch and a half long, 

 clothed on both fides with minute ftarry hairs ; paler be- 

 neath. Flowers {m^\, yellow, on long (lender hairy ^j/ix 

 fwelling upwards, bent or jointed about the middle, where 

 are fometimes to be feen two minute bradeas, hardly to be 

 deemed an outer calyx. The proper calyx is hairy, in five 

 lanceolate acute fegments. Capfule fomewhat hairy, pale. 

 Seeds buff -coloured, curved, elegantly imprefled with nu- 

 merous rows of minute dots. 



8. T. racemofa. Clufter-flowered Turnera. Jacq. Hort. 

 Vind. V. 3. 49. t. 94. Willd. n. 8. Ail. n. 4. — Flower- 

 ftalks in a terminal clutter ; the lower ones axillary, many 

 times longer than the footftalks. Outer calyx wanting. 

 Leaves ovate, bluntly ferrated, downy. — The native coun- 

 try of this fpecies is not known, but we have little doubt 

 of its Weft Indian origin. Jacquin received its feeds with 

 the name of T. cijloides, under which a fpecimen lies in the 

 Linnaean herbarium. M. Thouin fent feeds to Kew in 

 1789, and we have what feems a garden fpecimen from him. 

 The root is annual. Herb much larger than the cijloides, 

 w^ith a very hairy, flightly branched, ^^'m. Leaves broadifh- 

 ovate, two inches long, unequally ferrated, clothed with 

 extremely foft, ftarr)-, deprelfed hairs. Footjlalks briftly, 

 almoft an inch in length. Floiutrs fmall, dull or tawny 

 yeljow, on very long and flender hairy ftalks. Calyx hairy. 

 Capfule flightly hairy, each of its valves fplitting into two. 

 Seeds pale, rough with minute points between the depreffed 



dots The calyx in this and the laft fpecies does not anfwer 



well to the idea of the genus, the tube, though prefent and 

 permanent, being very (hort, nor are there any traces of the 

 two outer leaves. Perhaps the latter had bed be omitted in 

 the generic charatler, which is fufficiently marked without 

 them. 



^.T. guianenjis. Slender Guiana Turnera. Aubl. Guian. 



291. t. 1 14. Willd. n. 9 Flower-llalks in a terminal cluf- 



ter, fmooth. Outer calyx linear, entire, naked. Leaves 

 linear, fmooth, (lightly ferrated, with two glands at the 



bafe Gathered by Aublet in the mar(hy meadows of Ti- 



moutou in Guiana, flowering in April. Root fibrous, pro- 

 bably annual. Herb flender, fmooth, with a rulhy, angular, 

 flightly branched _y?i;m, two feet high. Leaves nearly feflile, 

 tivo inches long, much lefs diilinftly ferrated in Aublet's 

 fpecimens than in his figure. Flowers fmall, yellow, 011 

 fhort fmooth partial ilalks, collected, very few together, 

 into a clujler. Outer calyx permanent, glandular at the bot- 

 tom, rather longer than the inner., whofc fegments arc, as 

 in all the fpecies we have hitherto defcribed, deciduous, the 

 permanent bafe being fnort, like that of 7". racemofa. Cap- 

 fule very fmooth, of three undivided valves. 



lo. T. rupejlris. Rock Turnera. Aubl. Guian. 289. 

 1. 113. f. I. Willd. n. 3. — Flov^cr-flalki axillary, very (hort. 

 Outer calyx linear-lanceolate, toothed, fomewhat briftly. 

 Leaves nearly linear, toothed, very fmooth, almoil feffile. 

 — Found by Aublet, in the moifi inofTy clefts of rocks 

 about the great water-falls of Sinemari in Guiana, flowering 

 in November. A rigid, (lender, branched Jhrub, about a 

 yard high, w)\oieJlcms are more or le& covered with Jun- 

 germanniif. Leaves crowded about the ends of the branches, 

 nearly feffile, an inch and a half long;, very narrow, taper- 

 ing at each end, flightly revolute, furnifhed with diilant 

 teeth, and by no means ferrated, as in Aublet's plate, from 

 which Willdenow took his fpecific definition. Flowers 



fmall, yellow, nearly feflile, foiitary in the boforas of two 

 or three of the uppermoft leaves. Outer calyx toothed, or 

 rather ferrated, longer than the inner, whofe fegments are 

 lanceolate and entire ; both are (lightly clothed with clofe, 

 filky, white hairs. Petals oblong, jagged at the end. 



11. T.frutefcens. Shrubby River Turnera. Aubl. Guian. 

 290. t. 113. f. 2. Willd. n. 5. — Flower-ftalks axillary, very 

 (hort. Outer calyx linear-lanceolate, toothed, fomewhat 

 briftly. Leaves bnceolate, ferrated, very Imooth, ahnolt 

 feflile. — Obfervcd by Aublet, on th" rocky banks of the 

 Sinemari river, above the great fall, flowering in December. 

 The natives call this fhrub, as well as the former, Nopotogo- 

 moti. The prefent appears to us a v.iriety of the lait, dif- 

 fering only in its more luxuriant growth, being feven or 

 eight feet high, with larger more dilated leaves, whofe 

 length is two or three inches, their breadth above half an 

 inch, their veins far more numerous, and their margins 

 rather ferrated than toothed. Thefe diffei-ences may arife 

 from a more favourable fituation, or more fertile foil. In 

 the powers or inflorefcence there feems no difference what- 

 ever. 



12. T.rugofa. Wrinkled Turnera. Willd. n. 6. (Piri- 

 queta villofa ; Aubl. Guian. 298. t. 117. Burcardia ; 

 Schreb. Gen. 206, adopted from Scopoh ; expunged at 

 p. 827, and referred to Turnera. ) — Flower-ftalks axillary, 

 many times longer than the footftalks. Outer calyx want- 

 ing. Leaves ovate, unequaUy crenate, wrinkled, downy. 

 Styles five. — Native of the fandy fea-fhores of Cayenne and 

 Guiana, flowering and bearing feed almoft all the year 

 round. The root is annual. Stem ereft, about two feet 

 high, branched, leafy, villous. Leaves on ver)- (hort (lalks, 

 bluntifli, two or three inches long, rather elliptical, veiny, 

 rugged, clothed with reddifh hairs. Flowers fmall, yellow, 

 on long, flender, hairy ftalks. Capfule very hke that of 

 T. racemofa, n. 8, which this fpecies fo nearly refembles in 

 many refpefts, that, were it not for the A-vejlyles, and the 

 more crenate and rugged leaves, we (hould be difpofed to 

 unite them. We place this at the end, for future examina- 

 tion, not having feen a fpecimen to determine the queftion. 



TuRNEUA, in Gardening, comprifes a plant of the woody, 

 flowering, exotic kind, for the ftove, the fpecies of which 

 cultivated is the elm-leaved Turnera (T. ulmifolia) ; wliich 

 has a (hriibby (lem, rifing eight or ten feet in height, and a 

 bright yellow flower. It is found in the Weft Indies. 



There is a variety with narrow leaves, which alfo rifes 

 with a (hrubby (talk to the height of eight or ten feet, with 

 branches lefs (lender and (tiff than in the broad-leaved fort : 

 the leaves narrow-lanceolate, hairy, near three inches long, 

 and about three quarters of an inch broad, terminating iu 

 acute points, obtufely ferrate on their edges, and (tanding 

 upon very Ihort footftalks ; when rubbed they emit a dif- 

 agreeable odour : the flowers are of a pale yellow : the 

 petals large and oval, with the tails or claws twifted, and 

 joining ; they are not fo large or half fo bright a yellow as 

 in the true elm-leaved fort. This is a native of Jamaica. 



Culture. — Both thefe plants are eafily raifed from feed, 

 which (hould be fown in the fpring, in pols, and plunged 

 in the bark-bed, or any other hot-bed, under glafTes ; and 

 when the plants are come up two or three inches in height, 

 they Ihould be planted feparately in fmall pots, plunging 

 them in the bark-bed of the ftove, to forward them a httlc 

 in growth : they may afterwards be placed in any part of 

 the ftove, and be managed as other ftove exotic plants. 

 They are alfo capable of being increafed by cuttings, planted 

 in pots, and forwarded in the above manner. 



They afford a good variety among ftove-plants, but they 



are feldom of long duration, as they moilly go off in the 



I courfe 



