T U R 



T U R 



difFerent principles, but thofe which have the greateft; fim- 

 plicity are almoft always to be preferred, as performing the 

 work in the moft eafy and ready manner. There is a very 

 ufeful tool for this purpofe, in which the roots are cut by 

 means of a knife fixed upon a fly-wheel, the turnips being 

 forced upon it through an inclined hopper or fort of trough. 

 Some turnip-flicers are fo effedive as to cut a bufliel of the 

 root in a minute. 



The chopoer is made by a fort of fharp fmall fpade, either 

 fixed or loofe, working in a box, into which the roots are 

 thrown for being cut or chopped. The work is readily ex- 

 ecuted in this way by thofe who are in the habit of perform- 

 ing it in this manner. 



TvRNiP-Drill, that fort of drilling implement which is 

 employed in the fowing of turnip-feed in the row manner. 

 An improved tool of this fort for one-bout ridges is in ufe 

 in fome diftrifts, which obviates the defefts of fowing too 

 much or too little feed. It confifts of a folid cylinder, 

 made of iron or brafs, about two inches in diameter, and 

 one inch broad, on the furface of which are formed fifteen 

 or fixteen cavities, refembling the fhape of a femi-egg when 

 cut longitudinally, and as deep as to hold four or five feeds 

 each. On the back of the cylinder, a little from the top, 

 is placed the hind part of the hopper, to which is fixed a 

 piece of iron or brafs, one inch long and half an inch 

 broad, hollowed on the infide in the form of a Gothic arch, 

 the fides of which meeting the fides of the cavities in an 

 oblique angle, prevent the feed from being bruifed : at the 

 lower end of this piece of iron, or gatherer, there is a flit, 

 three-tenths of an inch long and one-tenth wide ; and at the 

 back of it, a thin flat piece of iron moves up and down by 

 means of a fcrew at the top of the hopper, which enlarges 

 or leflens the orifice direftly above the cavities, and increafes 

 or diminiflies the quantity of feed delivered, as the workman 

 may think proper. This flip of iron, or regulator, is let 

 into a groove made in the board, which forms the back-part 

 of the hopper. The cylinder is fixed, before the cavities 

 are made, on an iron axle one inch fquare, turned very true, 

 as well as thofe parts of the axle which turn in the collars 

 fixed in the handles. To the ends of the axle are fixed 

 two wheels, twenty-fix inches in diameter, which turn the 

 axle and cylinder round, and which, in pafling through the 

 hopper containing the feed, bring forward in each cavity a 

 number of feeds and drop them into the fpout, by which 

 means they are conveyed to the coulter, which forms a rut 

 or channel on the top of the one-bout ridge in order to re- 

 ceive them. If the cavities in this fowing implement be 

 made to hold five feeds, when the regulator is fcrewed clofe 

 down, and there be fixteen of them, it will depofit eighty 

 feeds each revolution ; and from the diameter of the wheels 

 being twenty-fix, and the circumference eighty-one inches 

 and a half, eighty feeds will be fown in eighty-one and a 

 half inches, or nearly twelve feet. This being the minimum 

 quantity, by fcrewing up the regulator, the number may be 

 increafed gradually to fifty or fixty in a foot, which is far 

 more than is necelTary in almoft any cafe. 



There are various other improved implements of this 

 nature, which fuit difFerent purpofes of this fort of culture 

 made ufe of in difFerent circumftances and places. See 

 Drill and Turnip. 



-- T^'^^'^"-^"^' ^ h°^ employed in the culture of turnips, 

 which is of the hand as well as the horfe kind : the latter is 

 the mofl ready and effeftual, but both are frequently made 

 ufe of in raifing the crops. 



A turnip-hoe chopper has lately been contrived, which is 

 both ufeful in this way and for cutting the roots in feeding 

 flock on the land. It has in the firft part the make of the 



common nine-inch hand-hoe, but forming an oblong fqnare, 

 with an eye to receive the handle from the centre of the 

 firft part or hoe, another crofles it at right angles, but this 

 fecond is not made folid, as in the firft common one, but, 

 like the Dutch-hoe, the centre pai^t is open the whole length 

 of it. In working, the turnip being pulled out of the 

 ground by the aigles of the hoe, is immediately ftruck 

 With it about the centro, which divides it into four pieces, 

 and if th.T? be not fmall enough, the ftroke is repeated 

 upon each of the pieces until they be fufBciently fo. It is 

 imagined capable of much improvement, by having two 

 ftoudfh prongs on the back or reverfe part of the hoe, pro- 

 ceeding from the neck of the eye ; thefe prongs would pull 

 up the turnips with a great deal more expedition, it is fup- 

 pofed, and the increafed weight of the hoe would rather be 

 in its favour, by leflening the force neceflary to fplit the 

 roots. The whole is fimple and the expence trifling, which 

 render it more vtluable. 



It is faid that by means of this tool the turnips may each 

 readily be fliced into as many parts, according to their fizes, 

 as that each piece may be fmall enough for wether lambs, 

 or, which is of more confequence, for being eaten by the 

 crones, or old toothlefs ewes, which may fatten in this way 

 with nearly equal facility as the young ftieep, as they are 

 capable of picking them up, and by a flight tofs of the 

 head, to place them fo as to be properly confumed. They 

 can thus feed on the root, when they would otherwife find 

 it difficult to fupply themfelves with a fulficient quantity of 

 food in the ufual manner of nibbling the turnip, either 

 while in the ground, or when picked up without being fo 

 cut. It is the invention of Mr. Malcolm, and is in much 

 ufe in the county of Surrey, but may be beneficial in many 

 other diftrifts, where the praftice of feeding off the crops 

 on the land by ftock is a material objeft to the farmer. 



Hand-hoes of from four to twelve inches in width are in 

 ufe, in this kind of culture, for fetting out the plants and 

 other purpofes, as the nature of the crops may be. See 

 Hoe and Turnip. 



TuRHlP-Raci, a contrivance of the rack kind, for flieep 

 eating this and fome other forts of food out of with lefs 

 wafte than in fome other ways. It is ufually made about 

 eight and a half feet long, and on one fide two feet high, 

 and on the other two feet three inches, without the feet, 

 which are about three inches long. In the top, the middle 

 part folds back on the rack, and on the lower part or fide 

 of it there is a bend, which ferves as a gutter for prevent- 

 ing the rain-water falling from it on the (heep's back. The 

 bottom opens the other way and leans againft the top, for 

 the convenience of carrying it. It is foraetimes placed on 

 low wheels. It is very nfeful and convenient in many cafes 

 of feeding and fattening fheep. 



Turnip Sowing Trough, a contrivance of this kind for 

 the purpofe of fowing turnip-feed with regularity in the 

 broad-caft manner, where it cannot be done by the hand. 

 It is fomewhat in the box form, and fo contrived as to dif- 

 perfe fuch fmall feeds with great exaftnefs over the land. 

 See Turnip. 



TuRNiP-7V<7y, a long narrow (hallow fort of trough or 

 box contrived and made ufe of for the purpofe of Iheep 

 eating turnips out of in confuming them upon the land, in 

 order to prevent wafte in fuch modes of feeding. 

 Tvv.fii¥-Cabbage. See Cabbage and Kohlrabi. 

 TvRsip-Rooted Cabbage. See Cabbage. 

 TuRNip-iJooW Celery, a. root of that fort of the turnip 

 form. See Apium. 



TvKnip-Fallow, in ylgrlculture, a term applied to that 

 fort of preparation for the crop which is made by repeatedly 



working 



