T U R 



the feathers are entirely of that colour. Its legs are fliort, 

 and of areddifli-yellow or orange-colour. 



Thefe birds take their name from their method of fearcii- 

 ing for food, by turning up fmall ftoiies with their itrong 

 bills, to get at the infefts that lurk under them. Ray and 

 Pennant. 



Mr. Pennant mentions another fpecies, which is the turn- 

 ilone from Hudfon's Bay, and the tringa interpret of Lin- 

 n«us ; often rtiot in the north of Scotland and its iflands, 

 and alfo in North America. This bird is of the fize of a 

 thru(h ; the forehead, throat, and belly are white ; the 

 breaft black ; the neck furrounded with a black collar, 

 whence another bounds the fides of the neck, and palTes 

 over the forehead ; the head and lower part of the neck be- 

 hind white ; the firft ftreaked with dulljy lines ; the back 

 ferruginous, mixed with black ; the coverts of the tail 

 white, crolFed with a black bar ; the tail black, tipt with 

 •vhite ; and legs rather (hort, and of a full orange. 

 TURN-UP Compasses. See Compasses. 

 TURNWRIST Plough. See Plough. 

 TURO, in Geography, a town of Naples, in the province 

 of Bari ; 22 miles S.S.W. of Converfano. 



TUROE, a fmall ifland of Denmark, in the Little Belt; 

 12 miles S.W. of Affens, in the ifland of Funen. 



TUROK, a mountain of Perfia, in Khoraffan ; 15 miles 

 S. of Mefchid. 



TURON, a fea-port town of Cochinchina, in a bay 

 to which it gives name, and which is deeply indented, fo as 

 to afford fhelter in fome or other of its inlets from every 

 blaft of wind ; the bottom is mud, and the anchorage fafe, 

 with a fmooth water throughout. N. lat. 16° 9'. E. 

 long. 108= 6'. 



As this harbour affords a fafe retreat for (hips of any 

 burden, during the moll tempeiluous feafons of the year, 

 Mr. Barrow undertook to draw a plan of it agreeably to 

 geometrical admcafurement. Tlic p.irticulars of the oper- 

 ation and its refult are detailed in Macartney's Embafly to 

 China, and minutely illuftrated by means of a chart. This 

 chart exhibits an irregular mountainous peninfula, inaccefli- 

 ble on every part of the coall, except that adjacent to the 

 harbour, and at two fmall fandy bays in the entrance. This 

 peninfula was named New Gibraltar, on account of the 

 local natural advantages which it po{Te(res, and which ren- 

 ders it capable of being made, like our Gibraltar, impregna- 

 ble. The natives call this peninfula Tien-tcha. United to 

 this peninfula is a level iilJimus, from three-quarters of a 

 mile to a mile in width, containing fcveral fmall villages and 

 patches of ground, under cultivation, chiefly of rice, to- 

 bacco, pulfc, and fugar-canes. The chart prefents alfo to 

 I'iew the principal town in the vicinity of the harbour, at 

 which the market is held : the adjoining land is well culti- 

 vated ; and the name given to the place by the natives, as 

 well as to the harbour, is Han-fan. Connefted with the 

 peninfula by a reef of rocks, unobferved at low water, is 

 the northern point of a fmall ifland clothed with trees and 

 thick brufti-wood : and as the depth of water is three 

 fathoms within a fliip's length of the fouthern extremity of 

 the ifland, a convenient place might be prepared, at a fmall 

 expence, for heaving down and repairing fliips. The rocks 

 might be the foundation of a pier or caufeway, and thus 

 an excellent dock might be conftirufted between the ifland 

 and this peninfula. Such a place would be well adapted for 

 arepofitory of naval fliores, magazines, orwarehoufes. Other 

 appendages to this harbour are defcribed and reprefented in 

 the chart ; and paiticularly a valley with a fmall village, and 

 about forty or fifty acres of land under tillage, moft;ly bear- 

 ing rice ; a large village on the banks of a confiderable river, 

 meandring through an extenfive and apparently fertile and po- 

 Voi.. XXXVl. 



T U K 



pulous valley, a cove with plenty of water for fliips of any bur- 

 den, good anchoring ground, well flickered, efpecially from 

 the north-eafl: monfoon, and having at its head an extenfive 

 plain, with two villages feparated by a fmall running ft:ream, 

 with forty or fifty acres employed in the culture of rice ; 

 and a group of curious marble rocks, extending acrofs the 

 ifthmus, one end being waflied by the fea, and the other over- 

 hanging the river. The adjacent country is fuppofed to be, 

 in general, healthy, the violent heat of the fummer months 

 being tempered by regular breezes from the fea. Sep- 

 teniber, Otlober, and November, are the feafon of rains ; 

 which are alfo frequent in December, January, and Febru- 

 ary, attended at this time by cold northerly winds. TThe 

 inundations, which take place, generally, once a fortnight, 

 and lafl; two or three days at a time, have an effetl fimilar 

 to that of the periodical overflowings of the Nile, in ren- 

 dering the country one of the mofl; fruitful of the globe. 

 In many parts, the land produced three crops of grain in the 

 year. Its mod valuable produce, befides tlie precious 

 metals, confifted ii) pepper, cinnamon, fugar, filk, and cot- 

 ton, which the natives give in exchange for a variety of Eu- 

 ropean manufaftures. Not far from the harbour of Turon 

 is the town of Fai-foo, a place of fome note, and about 

 eight miles E. of the mouth of a confiderable river on the 

 coaft of Cochinchina, on the banks of which lies Fai-foo ; 

 and oppofite to the faid mouth of the river is Callao, or, as 

 the Europeans call it, Campello, thebeaiing of its highell 

 peak from the harbour of Turon being about S.E., and the 

 diftance from it tliirty miles. Staunton's Emb. to China, 

 vol. i. See Callao. 



TURONES, or TURONI, in Anc'unt Geography, a people 

 of Gaul, defcribed by Lucan (1. i. v. 437.) under the epi- 

 thet of unjlable. 



" Inllabiles Turones circumfita caRra coercent." 



According to Ptolemy, they had a town, which he calls 

 " Caefarodunum," and he names the people " Turupii." 

 Their city was fituated in the midfl: of the Loire, and they 

 inhabited the territory that lay to the N.W. of it, and 

 belonged to the third Lyonnefe, of which their city be- 

 came the metropolis. They had the charafter of not being 

 fond of war: Tacitus calls them " Turones imbelles," 

 and Sidonius ApoUinaris fays of them, " bella timentcs de- 

 fendit Turones.'" When tlie Roman empire was deftroyed 

 in Gaul, the Vifigoths became mafters of this city under 

 the reign of Euric, and it belonged to them under that of 

 Alaric in the year 506. But Clovis, having vanquiflied and 

 killed this prince in 507, took pofl"efiion of the whole ter- 

 ritory from the Loire to the Pyrenees, and alfo of the city of 

 Turones, the name of which has been fince changed to that 

 of Tours ; which fee. 



TURONILLA, in Ichthyology, a name given by fome 

 authors to the common little prickly fifli called ihejicik- 

 baci, or barnpckle. r tj- j /i • 



TURCOT, in Geography, a town of Hmdooltan, m 

 Lahore ; 2J miles S.E. of Jummoo. 



TUROQUA, in Ancient Geography, a town of Spain, 

 on the route from Bracara to Afl;urica, between Burbida 

 and Aqux Celeniae. Anton. Itin. r t, 1 j 



TUROWLA, in Geography, a town of Poland; 20 

 miles S.E. of Ploczko. . , , .„ • c 



TURPE, a town of Weftphaha, in the bifliopric ot 

 Paderborn ; 3 miles S.E. of Salzkotten. 



TURPENTINE, Terebinthina, a traiifparent iortot 

 refinous juice, flowing either naturally, or by incifion, from 

 feveral unduous and refinous trees: as the terebmthus, 

 larch, pine, fir, &c. 



Medical writers diftinguifti four kinds of turpentine ^^as 



