TURRITIS. 



ihe numMOus fpreading radical Uavts are very rough with 

 partly forked hairs, toothed, or pinnatifid. Floivers cream- 

 coloured, corymbofe, very numerous, their common ftalk 

 greatly elongated, after flowering, into a denfe chiiler of 

 long, flender, fmooth, ereft, llalked poils, each two inches 

 long, and full of numerous fmall feeds, imbricated in two 

 rows, as we have already mentioned, and not alternately 

 croffing each other, fo as to form a fimple row. Thefe 

 feeds were formerly an article of the Materia Medica, being 

 efteemed hot and dry, ftimulating to the generative faculty, 

 preferving againft apoplexy, &c. vii-tues fcarcely intelli- 

 gible, or confiftcnt. 



2. T. Uvigata. American Smooth Tower-muftard. 

 Willd. n. 2. Muhlcnb. Cat. 6i. Purfh n. i. — Leaves 

 all fmooth, glaucous ; radical ones obovate, ftalked, fer- 



rated ; the rell Hncar -lanceolate, entire, clafping the ftem 



Sent from Pennfvlvania by the Rev. Dr. Muhlenberg. On 

 rocks from PeHnfylvania to Virginia ; rare ; flowering in 

 May and June. Very fmooth and glaucous, about a foot 

 high. Purjh. Root biennial. Stem quite fimple. Radical 

 haves obtufe, (lightly ferrated ; thofe of the ftem arrow- 

 (haped, the lowermoil an inch long, lanceolate, obtufe, fer- 

 rated at the extremity ; the reft fmaller, narrower, entire. 

 Flowers like the firft fpecies, but rather lefs. Pods ereft. 

 fVillderiotv. 



3. T.Jlrlaa. Slender Tower-muftard. Allion. Auc- 



tuar. 18. Willd. n. 7, Leaves .ill fmooth and fhining ; 



radical ones ovate, fomewhat ftalked, flightly toothed ; the 

 reft lanceolate, ftrongly toothed, feflile. — In meadows, and 

 rather moift paftures, in fcveral parts of Piedmont. Root 

 white, woody. Stem two feet high, ereft, quite fimple, 

 round, fmooth, firm, clothed from top to bottom with al- 

 ternate, clofe-prefled leaves, which arc tapering, not arrow- 

 (haped, at the bafe. Flowers fmall, white. Pods linear, 

 flat, acute, ereft, above an inch long, thin at the margin ; 

 the lower ones on longifli ftalks, and leaft crowded. This 

 fpecies is akin to T. hirfuta. Allioni. 



4. T. hirfuta.. Hairy Tower-muftard. Linn. Sp. PI. 

 930. Willd. n. 4. Fl. Brit. n. 2. Engl. Bot. t. 587. 

 Jacq. Ic. Rar. t. 126. Fl. Dan. t. 1040. Ehrh. Herb. 

 159. (T. n. 456; Hall. Hift. V. I. 198. Arabis hir- 

 futa; Scop. Carn. v. 2. 30. Brown in Ait. n. II. Ery- 

 fimo fimilis hirfuta alba; Bauh. Prodr. 42. Barbaria 

 muralis; Bauh. Hift. v. 2. 869.) — Leaves all rough, 

 toothed in the middle. Stem hairy ; the hairs fimple and 

 fpreading. Branches ftraight, ereft. Pod flightly quad- 

 rangular Native of dry open paftures, and old walls, in 



raoft. parts of Europe ; not very common in England ; 

 flowering in May. The root is ftrong, woody, and, we 

 believe, perennial. Stems generally feveral, one of which is 

 much ftronger than the reft, ereft, a foot or eighteen inches 

 high, l^fy, branched, round, clothed with thick-fet, pro- 

 minent, fimple luiirs, the flowering part only being fmooth. 

 Leaves toothed, chiefly about the middle, bluntifli, all more 

 or lefs hairy ; the radical ones obovate, (lender at the bafe, 

 but not ftalked ; thofe on the ftem feflile, or partly em- 

 bracing it, rarely dilated at each fide into a fmall auricle. 

 Flowers numerous, fmall, white, not coloured. Pods 

 forming a very long, clofe, ered clufter, all narrow, cotn- 

 prcffed, but the valves are more or lefs ftrongly keeled, fo 

 as to render the pod quadrangular ; its furface is fmooth and 

 fhinincT, beaded, in a manner, with the projeding feeds, 

 which though inferted, of courfe, alternately, in two rows, 

 range in one fimple feries. When ripe the pods droop a 

 little. Linnseus originally confounded with this his T. al- 

 pina, whofe leaves are all fmooth on both furfaces ; and alfo 

 the following. 



5. T. pracox. Early Tower-muftard. (T. n. 2 ; Oe- 



rard Galloprov. 367.)— Leaves all rough, obtufe, toothed 

 in the middle. Stem hairy ; the hairs forked and deprefled, 

 like thofe on the leaves. Branches ftraiglit, ereft. Pod 

 flat — Native of Provence and Switzerland. Nearly out of 

 flow^er when the hirfuta firft expands, being full a month 

 earlier than that fpecies, from which, though very like in 

 general habit, it differs in having Xzrg^r fowers, tinged 

 with purple in both calyx and petals ; pods nearly flat, their 

 valves with fcarcely any fign of a rib or keel ; and the hairs 

 of the Jlem forked, or branched, depreffed and entangled, 

 as are all thofe on tlie leaves. The late Mr. Davall of Orbe 

 in Switzerland firft diftinguiflied this plant from the fore- 

 going. 



6. T. patula. Spreading Tower-muftard. Ehrh. Beitr. 

 v. 7. 159. PI. Seleft. n. 28. Willd. n. 5. (Tourrete 

 cotoneufe ; Rcyn. Mem. de la Suifle v. i. 169. Arabis 

 faxatilis ; Allion. Ped. v. i. 268.) — Leaves all rough with 

 fpreading forked hairs, ovate, toothed, clafping the ftem. 

 Branches fpreading. — Native of rocks in Switzerland, in a 

 fouthern expofure. Favrod. Root annual, tapering. Stem 

 one, or more, ereft, about a foot high, round, leafy, 

 clothed with forked or ftarry hairs, intermixed with longer 

 fimple ones. Branches axillary, alternate, flender, loofely 

 fpreading. Leaves hardly an inch long, clafping the ftem 

 with their heart-fliaped bafe, hoary with minute, briftly, 

 divided hairs, and bordered with tooth-like ferratures ; ra- 

 dical ones contrafted at their bafe, difappearing early. 

 Flowers corymbofe, very fmall, white. Calyx not always, 

 as Ehrhart defcribes it, quite fmooth : we find it fometimes 

 tipped with fine hairs. Pods fpreading, very flender, an 

 inch and a half long, their valves without any ridge or keel. 

 The general habit of this fpecies, except the pods, is more 

 like Draba muralis than any other Turritis. Allioni's 

 fynonym, hinted by Reynier, is confirmed by a Piedmontefe 

 fpecimen from Dr. Moleneri. 



7. T. pubefcens. Downy Tower-muftard. Desfont. 

 Atlant. V. 2. 92. t. 163. Willd. n. 6 — Leaves all rough 

 with prominent hairs, coarfely toothed ; thofe of the ftem 

 feflile. Branches fpreading. Pods ereft, downy — Native 

 of hills about Algiers, flowering early in the fpring. This 

 refembles T. hirfuta, but is lefs fliaggy, rather larger, with 

 more fpreading branches, and downy, lefs crowded, pods. 

 The haves are all more deeply ferrated or toothed. 



8. T. ovata. American Hairy Tower-muftard. Purfli 

 n. 2. (T. hirfuta; Mulilenb. Cat. 61.) — Radical leaves 

 ftalked, ovate, toothed, obtufe, rough on both fides with 

 ftarry hairs ; thofe of the ftem oblong, fomewhat arrow- 

 fliaped, ferrated, fmooth above. Hairs on the ftem de- 

 prefled. Pods flat, fmooth, fcarcely keeled.— On rocks 

 from Pennfylvania to Virginia, flowering in May and June. 

 Biennial. PurJh. This alfo refembles T. hirfuta, to which 

 we have formerly been difpofed, hke Dr. Muhlenberg, to 

 refer it. The clofe-prefled hairs of the/fw, lefs prominent 

 keels oixht pods, and the fmoothnefs of the upper furface of 

 the Jlem-haves, appear fufficient marks of diitinftion. 



9. T. alpina. Alpine Tower-muftard. Linn. Syft. 

 Veg. ed. 13. 502. Willd. n. 8. Sm. Compend. ed. 2. 

 lOi. Engl. Bot. t. 1746. (T. cihata; Willd. n. 7. 

 Schleich. Catal. 59. Tourrete cihee ; Reyn. Mem. de la 

 SuiflTe, V. I. 171. Arabis ciliata ; Brown in Ait. n. lO.) 

 —Leaves fomewhat toothed, i'mooth, diftantly fringed and 

 bearded ; the radical ones obovate ; the reft eUiptical, half- 

 embracing the ftem Native of Gothland, Auftria, Swit- 

 zerland, and the weft of Ireland, flowering about July or 

 Auguft. It was firft obfervcd in the latter country by Mr. 

 J. T. Mackay, who gathered this plant by the fca-fide at 

 Rinville, Cunnamara, in 1806. Linnius originally con- 

 fidered his own Gothland fpeciraens as a mere variety ot 



hirjuta 



