T U R 



hirfuta (fee Fl. Suec. 236.), but afterwards correfted that 

 error. The roo/ is apparently biennial, ^/cm one, or more, 

 from two to twelve inches higli, fimple, ercft, leafy, round, 

 moftly fmooth. Leaves all fmooth on both fides, fringed 

 with iimple or forked, fcattered, fpreading hairs, a few of 

 which are often clullered into a little tuft at the tips ; the 

 radical ones are frequently tinged with red. The more evi- 

 dently the leaves are toothed, the lefs they feem to be 

 fringed, as obferved in Engl. Bot. Flowers white, larger 

 than in T. hirfuta, forming a fimple corymb, foon becomnig 

 a long duller of narrow fmooth pods, whofe valves are very 

 perceptibly keeled. Reynier's original fpecimen from 

 Favrod proves his plant, and confequently that of Schleicher 

 and Willdenow, to be the Linnrean T. alpina. 



The T. Cisruha of Allioni, Fl. Pedem. v. i. 270. t. 40. 

 f. 2, being confidered as an Arabls by Wulfen, who is fol- 

 lowed by Willdenow, Sp. PL v. 3. 537, as well as by Mr. 

 Brown in Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 4. 104, we (hall leave it 

 there. However naturally allied this plant may feem to be 

 to our laft-defcribed Turrills, it is at leaft as much akin to 

 y1. alpina, beUidifolia, and others of that genus. 



TURRORAH, in Geography, a town of Hindoollan, 

 in Goondwana ; 20 miles S.W. of Coomtah. 



TURROW, a town of Hindoollan, in Bahar ; 26 miles 

 S.W. of Arrah. 



TURRUNG, a river ef Afia, which empties itfelf into 

 a lake, 18 miles S. of Candahar. 



TURSHISH, fometimes written Terchiz and Terjhiz, 

 a town and diftridt of Perfia, in the province of Kho- 

 raffan, 63 furfungs W.N.W. of Herat, lately taken pof- 

 feffion of by the troops of his Perfian majefty. The old 

 city, called Sakanabad, is fmall ; but to thas a new one has 

 been added, where the governor and his principal officers 

 refide. They both together contain about 20,000 people, 

 amongft which are 100 Hindoo families. The trade of this 

 place arifes principally from the importation of indigo, and 

 other drugs, from the weftward ; wool and cloths, and rice, 

 from Herat ; and the chief export is iron, wrought in thick 

 plates. The trifling quantity of European goods required 

 is brought from Mazanderaun. Between this city and 

 Herat the country is in general mountainous, wild, and un- 

 cultivated. Kinneir's Mem. of the Perfian Empire. 



TURSI, a town of Naples, in the BafiHcata, the fee of 

 a bifhop, fuffragan of Matera ; 24 miles S. of Matera. N. 

 lat. 40° 17'. E. long. 16^ 30'. 



TURSIO, in Ichthyology, a name by which BeUonius, 

 Scaliger, and feveral others, have called the phoeana, or 

 porpefle, diftinftively from the dolphin, with which it is 

 confounded by the vulgar. See Porpesse. 



TURSOSKA, in Geography, a town of Hungary; 16 

 miles N. of Boleflio. 



TURTALA, a town of Sweden, in Weft Bothnia ; 45 

 miles N. of Tornea. 



TURTEREBES, a town of Hungary; 14 miles 

 N.N.E. of Zatmar. 



TURTLE, in Ornithology. See CoLUMBA. 

 Turtle, in Ichthyology, the name by which we com. 

 monly call the great fea-tortoife. See Tortoise. 

 TuRTLE-W^//. See Tortoise and ToKTOisE-Shell. 

 Turtle Bay, in Geography, a bay on the weft coaft of 

 Africa. 8. lat. 14'^ 56'. — Alfo, a bay on the fouth coaft 

 of New Ireland, fo called by captain Carteret. Dampier 

 before called it " St. George's Bay ;" and from Bougain- 

 ville it obtained the name of " Praflin Bay." 



Turtle Creel, a branch of the Monongahela river. At 

 the head of this creek general Braddock was killed in 175 J. 

 — AUb, a townfhip of Ohio, in the county of Warren, 

 containing 3442 inhabitants. 



T U 11 



Turtle Inlet, a channel between two fmall iflands, on 

 the coaft of New Jerfey. N. lat. 39° 2'. W. long. 74^ 47'. 

 Turtle IJland, a fmall ifland in the Eaft Indian fea. 

 S. lat. 6° 35'. E. long. 132° 51' — Alfo, a fmall idand in 

 the South Pacific ocean, furrounded by a reef of coral rocks. 

 S. lat. 19^50'. W. long. 177"' 57'. 



Turtle Lake, a fmall lake of Canada. N. lat. 48° 34'. 

 W. long. 71° 31'. 



Turtle Point, a cape on the fouth coaft of Java. S. lat. 

 7° 42'. E. long. 109° 58'. — Alfo, a cape on the coaft ■ 

 of Weft Florida, in the gulf of Me.xico. N. lat. 29^ 54'. ; 

 W. long. 89° 4'. j 



Turtle River, a river of the ftate of Georgia, which I 

 runs into the fea, N. lat. 31° 12'. W. long. 81° 40'. 



TURTON, a townftiip of England, in Lancaftiire, with 

 1782 inhabitants; more than half employed in trade and), 

 mjnufaftures ; 6 miles S. of Blackburn. i 



TURTUCAIA, a town of European Turkey, in Bul- 

 garia, on the Danube. In 1773, it was taken and burned 

 by the Ruffians ; 34 miles S.W. of Driftra. 

 TURTUR, in Ornithology. See CoLUMBA. 

 TuRTUR, in Ichthyology, a name given by Paulus Jovius, 

 and fome other writers, to the fifli called xhepajlinaca marina, 

 Turtur, the Turtle-Jhell, in Natural Hijlory, the nanie 

 given by the colleftors of (hells to a very- beautiful fpecies 

 of murex, common in the cabinets, but not found any where 

 on the (hores. This is owing to its having greatly altered 

 its appearance in pohftiing ; for it is no other than the white 

 and brown-mouthed murex, which is common in its rough 1 

 ftate, with its outer coat taken off. ' 



TURTURA, in Geography, a town of Naples, in Ba-' 

 filicata ; 40 miles S. of Potenza. 



TURTURANO, a town of Naples, in the province of 

 Otranto ; 5 miles S. of Brindifi. ! 



TURUCHAN, a river of Ruffia, which rifes from a' 

 lake, N. lat. 67° 42'. E. long. 84° 14', and runs into the 

 Enifei, a little fouth of Turuchanflc. 



TURUCHANSK, a town of Ruffia, in the govern- 

 ment of Tobolfli, on the Enifei, formerly called " Man- 

 gafea." According to an old tradition dehvered down 

 from father to fon, a colony from Archangel built the old 

 oftrog of Mangafea, before any other Ruffian town exilled 

 in Siberia. It derives its name from a Samoiedean tribe, 

 who inhabited this country, calling themfelves Mangafe ; 

 who, by promifing to pay tribute to the Ruffians, occa- 

 fioned the building of the town. Old Mangafea, which 

 ftood on the river Taz, gradually fell to decay ; in 1600, 

 the prefent town was built, and the inhabitants of the old 

 oftrog were removed hither. This new oftrog was alfo 

 called " Mangafea ;" but as it hes at the mouth of the river 

 Turukan, it had aKo the name of Turukanfli, which it re- 

 tains to this day. As this oftrog proved the means of 

 feveral nations becoming tributary to the Ruffians, it was 

 probably on that account afterwards endowed with the pri- 

 vileges of a town. The houfes in this town are not con- 

 tiguous, and at moft do not exceed one hundred. The 

 greateft part of it is inclofed within a fmall wooden fortifica- 

 tion, with four pieces of cannon ; and in this ftands the 

 houfe of the governor or prefeft, and the principal church ; 

 and without it are two other churches. Moft of the in- 

 habitants have always been Coffacks ; who were placed here, 

 in order to fubdue, or at leaft to check, the Pagan nations, 

 of this country, particularly the Tungufians and Samoiedes ; 

 724 miles NiE. of Tobolfli. N. lat. 65'' 40'. E. long. 

 88° 44'. 



TURUNDA, a tent, fo called in Surgery, is ufually 

 compofed of a bit of lint rolled up, or elfe of a piece of com- 

 mon fponge, or prepared fponge. Its general ufe ia to keep 



an 



