T U S 



T U S 



an opening from healing up too foon, in cafes of abfcefTes, 

 difeafed bone, &c. Sometimes, alfo, it is ufed for dilating 

 the aperture, by which means extraneous fubftances can be 

 removed, without employing the knife. Tents have even 

 been ufed for dilating the meatus urinarius, and thus en- 

 abling the furgeon to extraft ftones of confiderable fize from 

 the bladders of female fubjetts. 



TURUNGA, in Geography, a town of Hindooftan, in 

 the circar of Ruttiinpour ; 24 miles N. of Raypour. 



TURZA, or TuRCETA, ui Ancient Geography, Boujlia, 

 a town of Africa, 6 leagues S.W. of Tunis, now a heap 

 of ruins. 



TURZEC, in Geography, a town of Lithuania, in the 

 palatinate of Novogrodek ; 24 miles E. of Novogrodek. 



TURZO, Truzea, in Ancient Geography, a town of 

 Africa, mentioned by Ptolemy, fituatcd eight leagues \^' . 

 of Vic us Augufti. 



-TURZONZA, in Geography, a town of Mexico, in the 

 province of Mechoacan, on the fide of a lake ; 25 miles W. 

 of Mechoacan. 



TUS. See Meschid. 



TUSA, a fortrefs on the north coaft of Sicily ; 8 miles 

 S.E.of Cefalu. 



TUSANTLU, a town of Mexico, in the ph>vince of 

 Mechoacan. 



TUSBY, a town of Sweden, in Nyland ; 15 miles N. 

 of Helfingfors. 



TUSCA, the Zaine, in Ancient Geography, a river of 

 Africa, which feparated Africa Propria from Numidia. 

 Phny. 



TUSCAN, in Architecture, the firll:, fimpleft, and moft 

 maffive of the five orders. 



The Tufcan order takes its name from the ancient people 

 of Lydia, who, coming out of Afia to people Tufcany, 

 firft executed it in fome temples, which they built in their 

 new plantations. 



Vitruvius calls the Tufcan the rujlic order ; with whom 

 agrees M. de Cambray, who, in his Parallel, fays, it ought 

 never to be ufed but in country-houfes and palaces. M. le 

 Clerc adds, that in the manner Vitruvius, Palladio, and 

 fome others, have ordered it, it does not deferve to be ufed 

 at all. But in Vignola's manner of compofition, he allows 

 it a beauty, even in its fimphcity ; and fuch as makes it 

 proper not only for private houfes, but even for public 

 buildings, as in the piazzas of fquares and markets, in the 

 magazines and granaries of cities, and even in the offices and 

 lower apartments of palaces. 



The Tufcan has its charafter and proportions, as well ae 

 the other orders ; but we have no ancient monuments to give 

 us any regular Tufcan pillar for a llandard. 



M. Perrault obferves, that the characters of the Tufcan 

 are nearly the fame with thofe of the Doric ; and adds, that 

 the Tufcan is, in efFeft, no other than the Doric, made 

 fomewhat ilronger, by (hortening the iliaft of the column ; 

 and Ampler, by the fmall number, and largenefs of the 

 mouldings. 



Vitruvius makes the whole height of the order 14 mo- 

 dules, in which he is followed by Vignola, M. Ic Clerc, ccc. 

 Serlio only makes it 12. Palladio gives us one Tufcan pro- 

 file, much the fame as that of Vitruvius ; and another too 

 rich ; on which fide Scamozzi is likewife faulty. Hence 

 it is, that that of Vignola, who has made the order very 

 regular, is moft followed by the modern architefts. See 

 Column. 



Of all the orders, the Tufcan is the moft eafily executed, 

 as having neither triglyphs nor dentils, nor modillions to 



Vol. XXXVI. 



cramp its intercolumns. On this account, the columns of 

 this order may be ranged in any of the five maniitrs of Vi- 

 truvius, wz. the pycnoilylo, fyftile, euftile, diailile, or 

 arsoftile. For the parts and members of the Tufcan order, 

 their proportior^s, &c. fee Capital, Base, Pedestal, 

 Freeze, &c. 



TUSCANY, in Geography, now called Etruria (which 

 fee), a grand duchy or kingdom, long celebrated for the 

 arts ; tlie capital of which is Florence, which fee. Pinker- 

 ton ilatcs its length at about 120 Britifh miles, and its 

 breadth at 90 ; and its area of 7040 fquare miles as con- 

 taining about 1,250,000 perfons. The revenue is com- 

 puted at about half a million fterling ; but the forces do 

 not -exceed 6000 or 8000. Tufcany is one of the moft 

 beautiful and fertile regions of Italy, with a temperate and 

 healthy climate. It abounds in corn and cattle, and pro- 

 duces excellent wines and fruit. The mountains in the 

 Siennefe, or fouthern part of Tufcany, contain valuable 

 ores of antimony, copper which is wrought at Mafia, and 

 other metals, with flate and yellow marble. The ferpentine 

 of Impruneta, 7 miles S. from Florence, prefents beautiful 

 varieties uled in ornamental architefture. Borax has been 

 found in the lakes of Tufcany, near Sienna and Volterra. 

 The Florentine marble is remarkable for piftiu-efque repre- 

 fcntalions of ruins, &c. caufed by the infiltration of iron 

 between the laminae. The river Arno receives many fmall 

 llreams ; and the Ombrone is a confiderable river which 

 pervades the Siennefe. 



TUSCA RAWA, a county of the diftria of Ohio, 

 containing 3045 inhabitants. — Alfo, a townfhip of Stark 

 county, in tlie diftrift of Ohio, containing 143 inhabitants. 



TUSCARORA, a village of New York, inhabited by 

 a tribe of Indians of the Tufcarora nation, confifting of 

 about 300 fouls, in the county of Niagara, about 2^ miles 

 E. of Lewifton. They have a good meeting-houfe and a 

 Prefbyterian clergyman ; and alfo an Englifi^ fchool. Thefe 

 Indians are fober and ordei-ly in their general deportment, 

 and many of them are refpeftable in point of wealth, as 

 well as moral conduft. This tribe came from the S. about 

 the year 1 7 1 2, and joined the Five Nations or Iroquois. The 

 land on which they now live was given them many years ago 

 by the Senecas. 



TuscARORA, a town of North Carolina; 20 miles S.E. 

 of Halifax. 



TusCARORA Creek, a river of Pcnnfylvania, which runs 

 into the Juniatta, 12 miles S.E. of Lewift;on. 



TUSCHAMA, a town of Rufiia, in the government of 

 Irkutll< ; 28 miles N.N.W. of Ihmflc. 



TUSCHAMSKA, a town of Ruffia, in the govern- 

 ment of Irkutfii ; 100 miles N.Vv'. of Ilirhfli. 



TUSCHGER See, a lake of Carinthia ; 11 miles N. 

 of Millftatt. 



TUSCHNITZ, a town of Bavaria, in the bifhopric of 

 Bamberg ; 10 miles N.E. of Lichtenfels. 



TUSCI, in Ancient Geography, a people of Afiatic Sar- 

 matia, between mount Caucafus and the Ceraunian moun- 

 tains, according to Ptolemy. 



TUSCOMARTEE, in Geography, a town of Curdiftan, 

 pleafantly fituated to the north of the Tigris, at the foot 

 of fome hills, and well watered by feveral clear flreams that 

 flow from them. It commands a very fine profpeft over an 

 extenfive vale to the fouth. In the fummer feafon the fun 

 is fo powerful as to deftroy all vegetation, except near the 

 rivulets that flow from the mountains, where are found nu- 

 merous flocks of fheep and herds of cattle. Thefe, how- 

 ever, the fhepherds are always obliged to drive to the town 



3 P in 



