TUSSILAGO. 



t. 247. Willd. n. 10. Ait. n. 3. (T. alpina /? ; Lmn. 

 Sp. PI. 1214,. T. alpina priina; Cluf. Hift. v. 2. 112. T. 

 alpina; Ger. Em. 812.) — Stalk fingle-flovvered, nearly 

 naked. Flower without rays. Leaves kidney-fhaped, 

 toothed, downy and white beneath.— Native of the alps of 

 Auftria, Carniola, &c. growing along with the laft, and 

 flowering at the fame feafon. This is rather fraaHer than 

 the preceding, ufually with fewer 3/-rt&«j. The under fide 

 of the leaves is clothed with denfe white cottony down, 

 which affords the moft diltinguithing mark of the plant, and 

 prefumed by recent authors to prove it fpecifically diftinft. 

 Linnaeus thought it but a variety. 



S.T./yheJIns. Lobed Alpine Colt's-foot. Scop. Carn. 

 V. 2. 157. Jacq. Auftr. v. 5. Append. 33. t. 12. Willd. 

 n. II. — Stalk moftly fingle-flowered, with dilated fcattered 

 bradeas. Flower without rays. Leaves fmooth, kidney- 

 fhaped, many-lobed and toothed. — Native of mountainous, 

 chiefly beech, woods of Styria, Carinthia, Carniola, &c. 

 flowering in May. Allied to T. alpina, with which its fy- 

 nonyms have been confounded by Scopoli, Haller, and even 

 Jacquin ; but the lafl; has the merit of fubfequently diftin- 

 guilhing this very well-marked fpecies. It is larger than 

 alpina, and they/fm fometimes bears two or ihree Jloiverf, 

 fcarcely differing from thofe of alpina or difcolor. The. hrac- 

 t-eas however are broader, often terminating in a leafy ap- 

 pendage, particularly the lower ones. The radical leaves 

 are very different, being cut into about feven rather Ihallow 

 lobes, of which the middle ones more efpecially have about 

 three pointed teeth. The upper furface is green, lometimes 

 roughifli to the touch, flightly marked with veins ; the under 

 paler, pecuharly fmooth and even, a little ftiining. We 

 have not heard of this plant in any Britilh garden, nor had 

 Liiuiseus a fpecimen. 



9. T. Farfara. Common Colt's-foot. Linn. Sp. PL 

 1214. Willd. n. 12. Fl. Brit. n. i. Engl. Bot. t. 429. 

 Curt. Lond. fafc. 2. t. 60. Woodv. Med. Bot. t. 13. 

 BuUiard Herb, de la Fr. t. 329. Fl. Dan. t. 195. (Tuf- 

 filago ; Ger. Em. 811. Matth. Valgr. v. 2. 198. Camer. 

 Epit. 590, 591-) — Stalk fingle-flowered, fcaly. Flower 

 radiated. Leaves heart-fliaped, angular, toothed ; downy 

 beneath. — Native of moill chalky fliady fituations, through- 

 out Eui'ope, flowering in March or April, before the leaves 

 appear. Dr. Sibthorp met with it about rills and inundated 

 places in Greece, nor can there be any doubt of our Colt's- 

 foot being the finx^ov of Diofcorides, of which F.-\ufara, 

 fee that article, is an ancient fynonym. The roots of this 

 fpecies are perennial, creeping to a great extent. Stalks 

 five or fix inches high, ereft, fimple, downy, clothed with 

 numerous, alternate, ovate, ereft, purplifli, nearly fmooth 

 icales, three-quarters of an inch long. Floiuer drooping 

 before it expands, then ere<ft, yellow, an inch broad ; the 

 radius of very numerous, long, narrow, fpreading, ligulate 

 florets, which Dr. Stokes has obferved to be the only ones 

 that ever perfedl their yi'fiy. Indeed the plant increafes fo 

 much by root, that fcarcely zv^j feeds are ever ripened. The 

 leaves come forth on ereft fooljlalks, after tlie flowers and 

 their ftalks have withered, and are from three to fix inches 

 wide, fliarply toothed ; very fmooth, and rather glaucous, 

 above ; covered beneath with dcufe, white, cottony down. 

 They are mucilaginous and allringent, flightly bitter, and 

 are recommended either in infufion, or fmoaked Hke to- 

 bacco, as a cure for coughs. The latter mode of applica- 

 tion is advifed by Diofcorides in difficnlty of breathing, 

 dry cough, &c. and he prefcribes thefe leaves bruifed, with 

 honey, as an external remedy for eryfipelas, and other in- 

 flammations of the fldn. The cottony web of this herb 

 . ferves extremely well for tinder, and to ftanch the blood of 



flight wounds. — Willdenow fays there is a variety with per- 

 feftly fmooth leaves. 



10. T. japonica. Japan Colt's-foot. Linn. Mant. 113. 

 Willd. n. 13. Thunb. Jap. 313. Banks Ic. Kasmprf. 

 t. 27, 28. (Arnica tuflilaginea ; Burm. Ind. 182. Doro- 

 nicum tuflilaginis foho, &c. ; Pluk. Amalth. 71. t. 390. 

 f. 6. Tfwa ; Kasmpf. Am. Exot. 827. ) — Stalk with feveral 

 radiated flowers, corymbofe, brafteated. Leaves roundifli- 



heartfliaped, toothed ; flightly downy beneath Native of 



Japan, flowering in 0(^tober. Root perennial, tuberous. 

 Stalks twelve or fifteen inches high, angular, furrowed, 

 reddirti, downy in the upper part, bearing a few fcattered 

 fcaly braBeas, and terminating in from five to eight large 

 yellow radiated jlaiuers, on downy alternate partial fl:alks. 

 Rays wedge-fliaped. The feed-dovjn is feflile, like the laft. 

 Leaves coming after the flowers, on long upright foot- 

 ftalks ; their breadth three or four inches ; length much 

 lefs ; their under fide paler, but fcarcely downy. The 

 root, according to Thunberg, is bitter, and efteemed a 

 counter^poifon by the Japanefe. Ksempfer fays the ftalks 

 arc ufed as a pot-herb. 



11. T.fr'tgida. Lapland Colt's-foot. Linn. Sp. PL 

 1214. Fl. Lapp. ed. 2. 246. Willd. n. 14. Ait. n. 5. 

 Purih n. I. Fl. Dan. t. 61. (T. n. 128; Gmel. Sib. 

 V. 2. 150. t. 70.) — Stalk with many radiated flowers, 

 corymbofe, brafteated. Leaves triangnlar-heartfhaped, 

 with deep triangular teeth ; downy beneath. — Found by 

 Linnaeus plentifully in woods and paftures among the 

 Lapland alps, flowering towards the end of May, and 

 fcattering its feeds about a month afterwards. It occurs 

 likewife in Norway and Siberia, as well as, according to 

 Mr. Purfli, in Canada, and on the higheft peaks of the 

 Vermont and New Hampfhire mountains, at the fame fea- 

 fon. The root is fomewhat tuberous and creeping, though 

 lefs flcfliy than the laft, with copious long fibres. Leaves 

 isiAJloiuers appearing nearly together, on Jlalis about equal 

 in height, from ten to fifteen inches ; the former remarkable 

 for their very large angular teeth. The f.ower-Jlalk bears 

 feveral alternate, large, tumid, fmooth braHeas, fometimes 

 ending in a fmall leaf. Flowers white; th<; florets of the 

 difit tinged with pale purple, efpecially their large, club- 

 fliaped, hairy, prominent, but we believe ufelefs, Jligmai. 

 Sced-do-vn fefiile, above an inch long, filvcry. 



12. T. fragrans. Sweet-fcented Colt's-foot. Villars 

 Aftes de la Soc. d'Hift. Nat. de Paris, v. i. 72. t. 12. 

 Willd. n. 15. Ait. n. 6. Curt. Mag. t. 1388.— Stalk 

 panicled, level-topped, fomewhat leafy. Flowers radiated. 

 Leaves roundifli-heartfliaped, obtufe, equally and finely 

 toothed ; rather hairy beneath Native of the neighbour- 

 hood of Naples, and of Sicily near Palermo ; introduced 

 into England by Meflrs. Lee and Kennedy in 1806. It 

 flowers in the winter, or early fpring. The leaves, which 

 are green on both fides, rounded, obtufe, not at all lobed or 

 cut, appear with xhtjionvers. The latter are large, fragrant 

 like Heliotropium peruv'ianum, with broad light-purple rays, 

 and a white difl^, the tumid Jl'igma of viho{e florets is dark- 

 purple. The panicle is compound, rather denfe ; its flali 

 taller than the foliage, clothed with very large inflated 

 braSeas having leafy terminations. 



1 3. T. laevigata. Smooth Stravi'-coloured Colt's-foot. 

 Willd. n. 16. (T. fcapo imbricato, floribus fpicatis radiatis, 

 foliis utrinque glaberrimis ; Gmel. Sib. v. 2. 148. n. 126.) 

 — Stalk panicled, level-topped. Flowers radiated. Leaves 

 heart-fliaped, acute, flightly angular, toothed, fmooth on 

 both fides — Abundant about the banks and fhallows of 

 rivers in Siberia, flowering in fpring, at which time all but 

 the flowers is generally under water^ Cmelin. ' Root flefliy, 



4 purplifh. 



