T W I 



ftrand upon three hooks in the tackle-boavd, ftrctch it o\it 

 tight upon the hooks in the fledge, and heave till they are 

 untwifled ; then draw out the yarr.. 



When the yarn of this worn ftufF is overhauled, a little 

 thin tar fliould be poured upon it, which will make it pliable, 

 and he better. The yarn unfit for knotting will pick into 

 oakum for caulking. 



TWICKENHAM, in Geography, an extenfive and po- 

 pulous village in the hundred of Iflcworth, and county of 

 Middlefex, England ; is fituated on the banks of the river 

 Thames, at the diftauce of twelve miles W.S.W. from St. 

 Paul's cathedral, London. The parifh extends about three 

 miles and a half in length, one and a half in breadth, and is 

 nine miles in circumference : it is bounded on the eaft and 

 north by Ifleworth, on the well by Hanworth, Hampton, 

 and Teddington, and on the fouth by the river Thames. 

 It contains about 1850 acres, of which, according to a fur- 

 vey taken in the year 1635, about 630 were arable, 490 

 pafture, 40 wood, and 690 common : which docs not much 

 vary from the prefent proportion, reckoning the fruit gar- 

 dens, of vs'hich there are above 150 acres, among the arable 

 land. The gardens have long been celebrated for good ma- 

 nagement and abundant produce, and they afford a conftant 

 fupply to the London markets : one gardener, Mr. Weft, 

 has, in a good feafon, fent upwards of 4000 gallons of rafp- 

 berries to a diftiller within fifteen days. Twickenham is not 

 mentioned in the Domefday record, as the whole of this hun- 

 dred feems to have been included, when that furvey was 

 made, in the manor of Ifleworth. In ancient records, 

 the name is written Twitham, Twittanham, and Twiccan- 

 ham : and the moll popular writers of the early part of the 

 laft century often termed it Twitenham. The manor of 

 Twickenham appears to have been pofTefTed by the rehgious 

 long antecedent to the Norman conqueft ; for the jurifdic- 

 tion of the lord of Ifleworth did not extend to church lands. 

 This manor appears to have been veiled in the crown in the 

 time of Henry VIII., and by him annexed to the honor of 

 Hampton-Court. By Charles I. it was fettled as part of 

 the jointure of his queen, on whofe death, Charles II. fettled 

 it for life on his confort, Catherine. A leafe under the 

 crown has fince been granted to feveral perfons. The manor- 

 houfe ftands oppofite to the church, and is traditionaUy faid 

 to have been the refidence of Catlierine of Aragon, the di- 

 vorced queen of Henry VIII. The parifli-church is fituated 

 near the river-fide : tlie old church fell to the ground in the 

 night of April 9, 1 7 1 3 ; the tower, which is compofed of frce- 

 ilone, is flill remaining ; the body was rebuilt, and completed 

 in the year 1715, This is a brick fabric of the Tufcan order, 

 with ftone coignes and cornices, and was eredled after the de- 

 fign of John James, architeft, who likewifc built the churches 

 of St. George, Hanover-fquare, and St. Luke, Middlefex. 

 The interior is fpacio'us, with galleries on the two fides, and 

 at the weft end. The monuments, tablets, and other fepul- 

 chral memorials, are numerous. A chapel, called Montpeher, 

 was built about the year 1720, and is the private property 

 of the Rev. G. O. Cambridge, archdeat:on of Middlefex. 

 Here is alfo a meeting-houfe for Welleyan Methodifts. A 

 charity-fchool for boys, and a fimilar inftitution for girls, 

 ■were eftablilhed many years back : an extenfive and appro- 

 priate binlding has been recently erefted by fubfcription ; 

 and one hundred boys and feventy girls are now educated 

 according to Dr. Bell's plan. Thirty of the boys, and 

 twenty-four giris, are likewife clothed. Here are alfo 

 two Sunday fchools. Six alms-houfes were built in 1704, 

 and fix more in 1 7 2 1 . In the population return of the year 

 i8n, this parifh is ftated to contain 685 houfes, and 3757 

 inhabitants. The principal manufaaure is that of gun. 



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powder : the powder-mills, formerly tlie property of Mi*' 

 Hill, but now of Mr. Butts, are feated on the fmall river 

 Crane, which, rifing in the vicinity of Harrow, is here aug- 

 mented by an artificial cut from the Colne. Accidents fre- 

 quently occur in this dangerous bufinefs : one corning-houfe 

 for graining powder was thrice blown up in the year 1 796 ; 

 in the months of January, July, and November. Fourteen 

 lives were loft by the three explofions. Five fimilar cafual- 

 ties have fince happened, by which twelve men were kill»d. 

 Yet, notwithftanding the frequency of thefe accidents, and 

 though the wages of the workmen is but fmall, employment 

 in the mills is eagerly fought after : the only apparent reafon 

 is, that the labour is light. 



Twickenham Park, Ifleworth Park, or the New Park of 

 Richmond, was, towards the end of the fixteenth century, 

 tlie property of the great fir Francis, afterwards lord. Bacon, 

 who paffed in this retirement the earlier and more happy part 

 of his life. He here entertained queen Ehzabeth, on which 

 occafion he prefented her with a fonnet in praife of her favour- 

 ite, the carl of Eflex. The eftate has recently been divided 

 into lots, and the greater part purchafed by Francis Gofling, 

 efq. The grounds contain fome fine cedars : and it is be- 

 lieved, that the firft weeping willow known in this kingdom 

 was planted in this park in the early part of the laft century. 

 Part of the manfion is in the parifh of Ifleworth : in the 

 meadows, between this houfe and the river, was the original 

 fcite of Sion monallery, founded by king Henry V. in 

 1414. 



Twickenham has for a century paft been the retreat of 

 perfons diftinguidied by their rank or literary fame ; and has 

 been embelhflied with various manfions and villas, to which 

 a degree of celebrity has attached. We fhall briefly notice 

 the moft interefting. 



Marble Hill was built by king George II. as a villa for his 

 miftrefs, the countefs of Suffolk. The purchafe of the 

 eftate is faid by lord Grford to have coft the king ten or 

 twelve thoufand pounds. The houfe was erected after a 

 defign of Henry, earl of Pembroke, who fuperintended the 

 progrefs of the ftrufture. Its exterior is of a plain but 

 well-proportioned character ; the interior contains the prin- 

 cipal attraftions, and is finifhed in a delicate, coftly, and 

 ornamental ftyle. The great ilaircafe is entirely compofed 

 of mahogany, finely carved ; and the flooring of the beil 

 rooms are of the fame wood. This feat is now the residence 

 of Charles Auguftus Tulk, efq. 



Pope's Villa, as it has long been emphatically called, from 

 its having been, for nearly thirty years, the refidence of our 

 great poet Alexander Pope, was purchafed by him in the year 

 1715. The improvement of the houfe and gardens was for 

 many years his favourite employment ; and he was particularly 

 interelled in the conftruftion of a grotto, which he enriched 

 with many curious fpars and gems ; from the grotto was a fub- 

 terraneous paflage to the gardens. On the deceafe of Pope, 

 which occurred May 30, 1 744, the eftate was fold to fir Wil- 

 liam Stanhope, who added wings to the houfe and enlarged 

 the gardens. From him it paued to his fon-in-law, Welbore 

 Ellis, afterwai-ds lord Mendip, who guarded every memorial 

 of the poet as a facred rehc, particularly a fine willow planted 

 by his own hand. This tree his lordftiip propped with aflidu- 

 ous care, but notwithftanding his utmoft attention, it perifhed 

 and fell to the ground in 1 801 , about a year before the death of 

 its noble owner. The eftate was afterwards fold to fir John 

 Brifco, on whofe deceafe it was purchafed by baronefs Howe 

 in 1 807 ; under whofe direftion the houfe has been taken 

 down, and a new dwelling ercfted about a hundred yards 

 diftant from the fcite. The grotto has been ftripped of its 

 moft curious fpars and minerals, by the zeal of thofe who 



wifhed 



