T Y L 



fucli maker fliall not for making fuch entry be obliged to go 

 further than the next market -town. 



And all tools, implements, and utenfils ufed in making 

 fuch bricks or tyles, in cuftody of the maker, &c. fhall be 

 liable to be fcizeJ for any debts or penalties, (arifing or in- 

 curred under this aft,) whether the debtor or offender be 

 the lawful owner thereof or not. 28 Geo. III. c. 37. 



Bricks or tyles for which the duties have been paid may 

 be exported, and on focurity given before the (hipping there- 

 of that the fame (hall not be relanded, the perfon exporting 

 the fame fhall be allowed a drawback of fuch duties ; and 

 in cafe fuch bricks or tyles (liall be relanded, the fame (hall 

 be forfeited to the ufe of his majefly, over and above the 

 penalty of fuch bond. 27 Geo. III. c. 13. fchcd. (F.) 



All penalties and forfeitures are to be fued for, levied, 

 and mitigated as by the laws of excife, or in the courts at 

 Weftminller, and to be diftributed half to the king, and 

 half to him that fhall fue. 24 Geo. III. c. 24. feff. 2. 



For the method of burning tyles, fee Brick. 



As to the applying of tyles, fome lay them dry, as they 

 come from the kiln, without mortar, or any thing elfe ; 

 others lay them in a kind of mortar made of loam and 

 horfe-dung. In fome parts, as in Kent, they lay them in 

 mofs 



There are various kinds of tyles for the various occafions 

 of building; as/i/atn, thack, ridge, roof, creafe, gutter, pan, 

 crooked, Flemijh, corner, hip, dorman or dormar, fcallop, 

 AJiragal, traverfe, paving, and Dutch tyles. 



Tyles, Plain or Thack, are thofe in ordinary ufe for the 

 covering of houfes. They are fqueezed flat, while yet foft, 

 iji a mould. They are of an oblong figure, and by ftat. 

 17 Edw. IV. c. 4. are to be ten inches and a lialf long, fix 

 and a quarter broad, and half an inch and half a quarter 

 thick. But thefe dimenfions are not ftriftly obferved. 



Plain tyles are not laid in mortar, but only pointed in the 

 iniide. 



Tylbs, Ridge, Roof, or Creafe, are thofe ufed to cover the 

 ridges of houfes, being made circular, breadthwife, like a 

 half cylinder. Thefe are what Pliny calls laterculi, and are 

 by flatute to be thirteen inches long, and of the fame thick- 

 nefs with the plain tyles. 



Tyles, Hip or Corner, are thofe which lie on the hips or 

 corners of roofs. As to form, they are firft made flat, 

 like plain tyles, but of a quadrangular figure, whofe two 

 fides are right lines, and two ends arcs of circles ; one 

 end being a little concave, and the other convex. The 

 convex end is to be about feven times as broad as the con- 

 cave end ; fo that they would be triangular, but that one 

 corner is taken off: then, before they are burnt, they arc 

 bent on a mould, breadthwife, like ridge tyles. They 

 have a hole at their narrow end to nail them on by, and are 

 laid with their narrow end upwards. By flatute, they are to 

 be ten inches and a half long, and of a convenient breadth 

 and thicknefs. . . 



Tliefe, as well as the ridge tyles, are to be laid in mortar, 

 becaufe they feldom he fo clofe as not to admit any water 

 to pafs between them. 



Tyles, Gutter, are thofe which lie in gutters or vaUeys in 

 Cfofs-buildings. They are made like corner tyles, only the 

 comers of the broad end are turned back again with two 

 wings. They have no holes in them, but are laid with the 

 broad end upwards, without any nailing. They are made 

 in the fame mould as corner tyles, and have the fame dimen- 

 fions on the convex ddes. Their wings are each four inches 

 broad, and eight long. . , . j 



Thefe tyles are feldom ufed where lead is to be had. 

 TM.r.-, Pan, Crooked, or Flemifh, s.tt ufed in covering 

 Vol. XXXVI. 



T Y L 



of (lieds, (tables, out-houfes, and all kinds of flat -roofed 

 buildings. They are in form of an oblong parallelogram, 

 as plain tyles, but are bent breadthwife forwards and back- 

 wards, in the form of an S, only one of the arches is at leatl 

 three times as big as the other, which biggeft arch is always 

 laid uppermofl:, and the lefs arch of another tyle lies over 

 the edge of the great arch of the former. They have no 

 holes for pins, but hang on the laths by a knot of their 

 own earth. By 17 Geo. III. c. 42. they arc to be, when 

 burnt, not lefs than thirteen inches and a half long, nine and 

 a half inches wide, and half an inch thick, on pain that the 

 maker fhall forfeit los. for every 1000. 



Pan-tyles are laid in mortar, becaufe the roof being flat, 

 and many tyles being warped in the burning, they will not 

 cover the roof fo well as that no water pafs between them. 

 Tyles, Dormar or Dorman, eonfift of a plain tyle, and a 

 triangular piece of a plain one, ftanding up at right angles 

 to one fide of the plain tyle, and fwept with an arc of 3 

 circle from the one end, which end terminates in a point. 

 Of thefe tyles there are two kinds ; the triangular piece, in 

 fome, ftanding on the right, in others on the left fide of 

 the plain tyle. And of each of thefe, again, there are two 

 kinds, fome having a whole plain tyle, others but half a 

 plain tyle. But in them all, the plain tyle has two holes for 

 the pins, at that end where the broad end of the triangular 

 piece ftands. 



Their ufe is to be laid in the gutters, betwixt the roof 

 and the cheeks or fides of the dormars, the plain part 

 lying on the roof, and the triangular part ftanding perpen- 

 dicularly by the cheek of the dormar. They are excellent 

 to keep out the wet in thofe places, and yet they are hardly 

 known any where but in Snffex. The dimenfions of the 

 plain tyle part are the fame as thofe of a plain tyle, and the 

 triangular part is of the fame length, and its breadth at one 

 end (even inches, and at the other nothing. 



Tyles, Scallop or JJlragal, are, in all refpefts, like 

 plain tyles, only their lower ends are in form of an aftragal, 

 viz. a femicircle, with a fquare on each fide. They are 

 ufed in fome places for weather tyling. 



Tyles, Traverfe, are a kind of irregular plain tyles, 

 having the pin-holes broken out, or one of the lower cor- 

 ners broken off. Thefe are laid with the broken end up- 

 wards, upon the rafters, where pinned tiles cannot hang. 



Tyles, Fleml/h or Dutch, are of two kinds, ancient and 

 modern. The ancient were ufed for chimney foot-paces ; 

 they were painted with antique figures, and frequently with 

 poftures of foldiers, fome with compartments, and fome with 

 morefque devices ; but they came greatly fliort, both as to 

 the defign and colours, of the modern ones. 



The modern Flerailh tyles are commonly ufed plaftered 

 up in the jambs of chimneys, inftead of chimney corner- 

 ftones. Thefe are better glazed, and fuch as are painted 

 (for fome are only white) are much better performed than 

 the ancient ones. 1 . -n. 1 



But both kinds feem to be made of the fame whitifh cfay 

 as our white-glazed earthen-ware. The ancient ones are 

 five inches and a quarter fquare, and about three-quarters 

 of an inch thick ; the modern ones fix inches and a halt 

 fquare, and three-quarters of an inch thick. 



When thefe tyles are fet with good mortar they look 

 beautiful, and caft a greater heat than ftone : for, being 

 very fmooth and glazed, the rays of heat linking upon 

 them are aU reflefted into the work, efpecially when the 

 fides of the chimneys are obhque, or in the form of circular 

 arches. But they are little ufed. 



Tvlins is meafured by a fquare of 100 fquare feet ; and 

 the number of tyles required for fuch a fquare depends on 

 3R 



