T Y N 



placed round an axis, or cylindrical beam, on the top of 

 which are two levers, or fixed ftaves, for the more eafy 

 turning the axis about, in order to raife a weight required. 



The tympanum is much the fame with the peritrochium ; 

 but that the cylinder of the axis of the pentrochium is much 

 fhorter and lefs than the cylinder of the tympanum. See 

 Axis in Peritrochio. 



Tympanum of a machine is alfo ufed for a hollow wheel, 

 in which one or more people, or rather animals, walk to 

 turn it ; fuch ?.s that of feme cranes, calenders, &c. 



Tympanum, Lat. a drum, in Jntiquity ; but m modern 

 Mufic, it is equivalent with tymbaks, or a pair of kettk- 

 drum; which fee. See likewife Timpano, Ital. for a 



kettle-drum. , r tiu r 



TYMPHiEI, in Ancient Geogrnphy, a people ot 1 hel- 

 protia, towards the fources of tlie Peneus. Strabo. 



TYNA, a river of India, in the eaftern part of the penin- 

 fula on this fide of the Ganges, according to Ptolemy ; 

 marked by D'Anville to the N. of Maliarpha. 



TYNAN, in Geography, a fmall poft-town of the county 

 of Armagh, Ireland ; 69 miles N. by W. from Dublin. 



TYNDALE, William, (named alfo Hitchins,) in Bio- 

 graphy, a learned martyr to the Reformation, was born to- 

 wards the latter part of the fifteenth century, on the bor- 

 ders of Wales, but the precife place of his nativity is not 

 known. He received part of his education at Magdalen- 

 Hall, Oxford, where he imbibed the doftrines of Luther, 

 which caufed his being difmifled from Wolfey's new college 

 of Chrift-church, into which he had been admitted ; fo that 

 he removed to Cambridge, where he took a degree. From 

 hence he removed co Gloucefterfliire, to take the charge of 

 fir John Welch's children ; and, during his refidencc here, 

 he tranflated Erafmus's " Enchiridion Militis Chriftiani" 

 into Englifh, for the benefit of the family with which he re- 

 fided, and he often preached in and about Briftol. By the 

 company which vifited fir John, Tyndale was reproached as a 

 heretic, and articles were preferred againft him bv the chan- 

 cellor of the diocefe, fo that he was under a neceflity of re- 

 moving to London, where he preached at St. Dunftan's in 

 the Weft. Defirous of being admitted one of bi(hop Ton- 

 ftall's chaplains, he made application for that purpofe, but 

 was difappointed. In a retirement near London, he prepared 

 a tranflation of the New Teftament into Englifh, which he 

 accomphfhed, by unwearied afliduity, in about half a year ; 

 but the times would not admit of its publication. The au- 

 thor therefore withdrew to the continent, and at length took 

 up his abode at Antwerp ; and here he completed his work, 

 which was printed in 1526, 8vo., without a name. The 

 number of copies was 1500, moft of which were bought in 

 England, and induftriouily circulated. The zealous papifts 

 were alarmed, and forefeeing the diffufion of error and he- 

 refy, obtained orders from Warhani, archbifhop of Canter- 

 bury, and Tonftall, bilhop of London, that thofe who pof- 

 fefled any copies fhould deliver them up on pain of excom- 

 munication. Tonftall procured all that were unfold at An- 

 twerp, and having purchafed them, they were brought over 

 and burnt at St. Paul's Crofs. This circumftance favoured 

 Tyndale's defign, who took occafion to prepare a more cor- 

 reft edition, which was printed in 1 534 ; and cheaper edi- 

 tions increafed the circulation. In order to difcourage and 

 reftrain thefe meafures for diffeminating the Scriptures, fir 

 Thomas More ridiculed Tyndale's verfion in a dialogue in 

 1529, to which Tyndale replied : and the king, in a court 

 of ftar-chamber in 1531, with the concurrence of the pre- 

 lates, univerfities, and clergy, pronounced a fevere condemn- 

 ation of it, together with other heretical books. Tyndale, 

 however, perfevered with undaunted refolution, and engaged 

 4 



T Y N 



in a tranflation of the five books of Mofea from the Hebrew. 

 But in a voyage to Hamburgh he was ftiipwrecked, and 

 loft his books, papers and money. At Hamburgh, where 

 he at length arrived, he met with Miles Coverdale, and co- 

 operating in their labour, they completed the Pentateuch, 

 and printed it in 1530. Tyndale publifhed a tranfla- 

 tion of the prophecy of Jonah, with a prologue, in 1 531, 

 and thus ended his labour on the Old Teftament. At An- 

 twerp he took up his refidence in 1534, as a place of fafety ; 

 but Henry VIII. and his council employed a perfon to be- 

 tray him under the mafic of friendfhip, and he was con- 

 veyed as a prifoner to Vilvorden, where he remained for a 

 year and a half. At length, in 1536, he was brought to 

 trial upon the emperor's decree at Augfburg ; and here he 

 was condemned, and ftrangled at the ftake ; and his body 

 was reduced to afhes. He expired with uttering this prayer, 

 " Lord, open the king of England's eyes !" It is neetilefs 

 to make any refleftions on the conduct of fuch favage per- 

 fecutors, who thus treated a man of irreproachable man- 

 ners, and who was pronounced, by the emperor's procurator, 

 who affifted in his condemnation, " Homo doftus, pius, et 

 bonus," for no other crime befides that of enabling Chrif- 

 tians to pernfe a book which is the only authoritative direc- 

 tory of their faith and praftice. Tyndale's other works were 

 introduftions to, and comments upon, parts of Scripture. 

 Biog. Brit. 



TYNDARID.ffi, in Mythology, a name given by the 

 poets to Caftor and Pollux, the fons of Jupiter and Leda. 



Though, according to the fable, Pollux and Helena pro- 

 ceeded from the egg which Leda had conceived by Jupiter, 

 and were therefore immortal ; whereas, out of another egg, 

 which ftie conceived by Tyndarus, her hufband, came Caf- 

 tor and Cl)'temneftra, who were mortal. See Castor and 

 Pollux. 



TYNDARIS, in Ancient Geography, Pandari, a town 

 of Afia, in the Colchide, on the right bank of the Phafis, 

 E.N.E. of Circsum, and S.W. of Cyta ;Cutatis. ) Pliny. 

 — Alfo, a town of Sicily, towards the S.W., which was a 

 Roman colony. It is called by Ptolemy Tyndarium. 



TYNDIS, Danda, a port of India, upon the coaft of 

 the country denominated Limyrica, according to the Peri- 

 plus of the Erythrjcan fea. 



Tyndis, Yanaon, a river of India, in the peninfula on 

 this fide of the Ganges. Ptolemy. 



TYNE, in Geography, a river of Scotland, which rifes 

 a few miles S. of Dalkeith, crofTes the county of Hadding- 

 ton, and runs into the German fea, N. lat. 56° z'. W. 

 long. 2° 38'. 



Tyne. See Tine. 



TYNEMOUTH, a townftiip in the eaft divifion of 

 Caftle-Ward, in the county of Northumberland, England ; 

 is fituated on the banks of the nver Tyne, 9 miles E.N.E. 

 from Newcaftle, and 286 miles N. by W. from London. It 

 is a place of remote antiquity ; and recent difcoveries have 

 proved that the Romans had buildings here. It is chiefly- 

 noted for its ancient monaftery, which is reckoned to be 

 one of thofe founded by Ofsvald, the firft Chriftian king of 

 Northumberland. Great local fandity was foon attributed 

 to it, and feveral kings and other illuftrious perfons were 

 buried here. St. Herebald, the companion of St. John of 

 Beverley, was abbot here at the beginning of the eighth 

 century : but before the end of it, tlie monaftery was plun- 

 dered by the Danes, as it was again in the next century by 

 the forces under Hunguar and flubba. and a third time in 

 the reign of king Athelftan. The old church feems to have 

 lain defolate for a ceatury, till a (hort time before tiie Nor- 

 manconqucft, when Tofti, carl of Northumberland, rebuilt 



and 



