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and ejidowed it. On the banifhment of Tofti, the Conqueror 

 gave his poffeflions to Robert de Mowbray, who then be- 

 came earl : he refounded Tynemouth priory, and filled it 

 with Black monks from St. Albin's, to which abbey the 

 priory was fubordinate. In his confpiracy agaiiift W illiam 

 Rufus, he converted the place into a fortrefs, which, after 

 a fiege of two months, was taken by ftorm. The priory 

 progreflively increafed in confequence. In 1 244, the prior 

 mediated a peace between England and Scotland ; and foon 

 after obtained a charter from Henry III. to hold a market 

 in his manor of Bewicke. He alfo claimed a market for 

 Tynemouth ; but in a fiiit on that account, judgment was 

 given againft him. Many privileges and immunities were, 

 however, obtained for the inhabitants. At the furrender of 

 the priory, in 1 539, its pofTeffions were very large, having 

 twenty-feven villas with their royalties, befides the impro- 

 priations of many churches : its annual income being efti- 

 . mated at 706/. 10/. 8-J</. The chief remains are thofe of 

 the church, at the eaft end of which is a neat httle chapel 

 or oratory. Till 1 659 the church was parochial, but being 

 decayed and damaged during the civil war, another was 

 erefted, and completed in 1 668 ; but the old cemetery is ftill 

 Hiuch ufed in preference to the new one. The caftle, erefted 

 by eari Mowbray, appears to have been a place of great ft rength. 

 It was garrifoned in the reign of queen Elizabeth ; and again 

 in that of Charles I., when it was beCegedand taken by the 

 parliamentary forces. Little remains of this ancient fortrefs 

 except a (Irong gateway, the approach to which has been re- 

 cently flanked with baftions. The village of Tynemouth is 

 much frequented in the bathing feafon, and commodious 

 warm and cold baths have been erefted. Here are fome con- 

 fiderable falt-works ; and it is eftimated that 700,000 chal- 

 drons of coals are annually fent hence to London. In the 

 population return of the year 181 1, the number of houfes 

 in this towni-iip is ftated to be 930; and of inhabitants, 

 5834. — Beauties of England, vol. xii. Northumberland, 

 by the Rev. Hodgfon. 



TYNIDRUM, orThunudronum Colcnia, Hydrah, in jln- 

 cient Geography, a town of Africa, mentioned by Ptolemy, 

 and placed by him two degrees W. of Sicca Veneria. 



TYNIECZ, or Tynez, in Geography, a town of Au- 

 ftrian Poland, on the Viftula ; 4 miles S.'W. of Cracow. 



TYNNA, in Jncient Geography, a town of Afia, in the 

 Lefler Armenia, and in the prefefture named Cataonia. 

 Ptol. — Alfo, a river of India, on this fide of the Ganges, 

 the mouth of which was in the country of the Avari. 

 Ptolemy. 



TYNSBOROUGH, in Geography, a town of Maffa- 

 chufetts, in the county of Middlefex, containing 704 in- 

 habitants ; 31 miles N. of Bofton. 



TYONISTA, a river of Pennfylvania, which runs into 

 the Allegany, N. lat. 41° 29'. W. long. 73° 30'. 



TYORA, in Jncient Geography, furnamed " Matienna," 

 a town of the Aborigines, on the coaft of Latium ; diilin- 

 guifhed by a very ancient oracle of Mars. 



TYPA, in Geography, a harbour on the coaft of China, 

 at the entrance of the rive;- of Canton, formed by feveral 

 iflands. The anchoring place is N. lat. 22° 9'. E. long. 



1 13° 49'- 



TYPjEA Mons, in Anc'ienl Geography, a fmall moun- 

 tain of Triphyha, near the banks of the river Alpheus. It 

 was a law of the Eleans, that any female who was furprifed 

 in attendance at the Olympic games, fhould be precipitated 

 from this mountain, the reafon of which law is faid to have 

 been, that the Athletac were naked in their excrcifes. 



TYPE, Typus, formed from tuct; form, figure, a copy, 

 image or refemblance, of foroc model. 



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The term type is lefs in u(e than its compounds proto. 

 type and archetype, which are the originals that are made 

 without models. 



Type is alfo a fcholaftic term, much ufed among divines, 



fignifying a fymbol, fign, or figure, of fomcthing to come. 



In this fenfe the word is commonly ufed with relation to 



antitype, avriTuro > which is the thing itfelf, of which the 



other is a type or figure. 



Thus Abraham's facrifice, the pafchal lamb, &c. were 

 types or figures of our redemption ; and the brazen ferpent 

 was a type of the crofs, &c. 



Types are not mere conformities, or analogies, which 

 the nature of things holds forth between them ; nor arbi- 

 trary images arifing merely from the cafual refemblance of 

 things ; but there is farther required a particular inftitution 

 of God to make a type, and a particular declaration of his 

 that it is fo. 



Gale divides types into hijlortcal and prophetical. The 

 firft are thofe ufed by the ancient prophets in their agita- 

 tions and vifions : the fecond, thofe in which things done, 

 or ceremonies inftituted in the Old Teftament, prefigure 

 Chrift, or things relating to him in the New Teftament. 

 Or, they are things which happened and were done in 

 ancient time, and are recorded in the Old Teftament, and 

 which are found afterwards to defcribe or reprefent fome- 

 thing which befell our Lord, and which relates to him and 

 his gofpel. E. gr. Under the law, a lamb was offered for a 

 fin-offering, and thus an atonement was made for tranf- 

 grefiions. John the Baptift calls Chrift " the lamb of God 

 who taketh away the fins of the world," and St. Peter tells 

 Chriftians that they are redeemed " by the blood of Chrift, as 

 of a lamb." Hence we infer and conclude that the lamb was 

 a type of Chrift ; and upon confidering it, we find that it 

 has all that can be required to conftitute a type : for it is in 

 many refpefts a very juft and hvely reprefentation of Chrift. 

 The lamb died for no offence of his own, but for the fins 

 of others ; fo did Chrift : the lamb could not commit fin 

 by his nature, nor Chrift by his perfeftion : the lamb was 

 without bodily fpot or blemilh ; Chrift was holy and unde- 

 filed : a lamb is meek and patient ; fuch was the afflifted 

 and much injured Son of God. 



Thefe types are ufeful to perfons who have already re- 

 ceived Chriftianity upon other and ftronger evidence, as 

 they fhew the beautiful harmony and correfpondence be- 

 tween the Old and New Teftament ; but they feem not 

 proper proofs to fatisfy and convince doubters, who will 

 fay perhaps, with the fchoolmen, " theologia fymbolica 

 non eft argumentativa." 



Unlefs we have the authority of the Scriptures ol the 

 New Teftament for it, we cannot conclude with certainty 

 that this or that perfon, or this or that thing mentioned in 

 the Old Teftament is a type of Chrift, on account of the 

 refemblance which we may perceive between them : but we 

 may admit it as probable. 



The ancient fathers, as well as the modern critics, have 

 been greatly divided about the nature and ufe of the types 

 and typical reprefentations in the Old Teftament ; and it is 

 this makes one of the great difficulties in underftanding the 

 ancient prophecies, and in reconciUng the New and Old 

 Teftament together. 



There is no denying but that there were fome types 

 which the divine vvifdom inftituted to be the Ihadows and 

 figures of things to come ; and yet people run into an ex- 

 cefs that way ; fome looking for types in every thing, like 

 Origen, who difcovered myfteries in the very cauldrons 

 of the tabernacle. A prudent man ftiould be contented 

 with the more fenfible and obvious ones, nor propole any 



without 



