T Y P 



T Y P 



Brown Prodr. Nov. HoU. v. i. 338. Purih 34. JufT. 25. 

 Touni. t. 301. Lamarck lUuftr. t. 748. Gajrtn. t. 2. — 

 Clafs and order, Monoecla Triandr'ia, Nat. Ord. Cala- 

 maria, Linn. Typbt, Jufl". Aro'idea, Brown. 



Gen. Ch. Male Flowers numerous, in a catkin at the 

 top of the ftem. Cal, Common Catkin cylindrical, very 

 denfe. Perianths of three fetaceous leaves. Cor. none. 

 Stam. Filaments three, varying to one or four, capillary, 

 the length of the calyx, combined at the bafe ; anthers 

 oblong, pendulous. 



Female Flowers numerous, in a catkin furrounding the 

 fame ftem, very denfely crowded together. Cal. Pcriantli 

 of many capillary briftles. Cor. none. P'ljl. Germen ovate, 

 on a briftle-fhaped ftalk ; ftyle awl-fhaped ; ftigma capil- 

 lary, permanent. Perk, none, the numerous fruits form a 

 cylinder round a common receptacle. Seed folitary, ovate, 

 ftalked, fubtended, in the lower part of the ftalk, by the 

 permanent capillary calyx, as long as the ftyle, forming a 

 fort of down or wing. 



Efl". Ch. Male, Catkin cylindrical, denfe, chaffy. An- 

 thers about three on each filament. 



Female, Catkin cylindrical, inferior. Seed folitary, on 

 I a feathered ftalk. 



I. T. lat'ifolia. Great Cat's-tail, or Reed-mace. Linn. 

 Sp. PI. 1377. Willd. n. I. Fl. Brit. n. i. Engl. Bot. 

 t. 1455. Purfti n. I. Fl. Dan. t. 645. (T. major ; Curt. 

 I Lond. fafc. 3. t. 61. Typha ; Ger. Em. 46. Matth. 

 j Valgr. v. 2. 216. T. paluftris major ; Bauh. Hift. v. 2. 

 ] 539. Morif. feft. 8. t. 13. f. I.) — Leaves linear, flat ; very 

 ; (lightly convex beneath. Male and female catkins clofe to- 

 ; gether. — Common in pools, ditches, and (low ftreams through- 

 I out Europe and North America, growing in the water, and 

 flowering in July ; after which the tall pole-like^/^^-mj, with the 

 lenlarged female catkins, remain long, till ihe feeds are blown 

 faway. The creeping, ftout, perennial roots run deep into 

 'the mud. Thejlems are fix feet, or more, in height, ftraight, 

 ifimple, round, folid, fmooth, leafy at the bottom. Leaves 

 iereft, as tall as the ftem, linear, (harpifh and entire at the 

 !edges ; fmooth on both fides ; flat on the upper, (lightly 

 convex on the under fide, at leaft in the lower part ; from 

 ihalf an inch to an inch wide. Catkin uninterrupted ; the 

 ifemale part four or five inches long, dark brown, feeling 

 like plu(h or velvet ; male fliorter, yellowifh, tapering, with 

 13. membranous leaf, orjheath, at the bafe, and another about 

 ;half way up. Flowers crowded, innumerable, horizontal, 

 Iforming a denfe mafs, with hairs between like a fine foft 

 ibrufh. Anthers quadrangular, two, three, or four on each 

 Icompound filament, foon falling off, and leaving a naked 

 'ftalk above tlie enlarged feed-catkin, till the feeds and their 

 jfeathery ftalks likewife fly away. 



I 2. T. anguflifoUa. Leffer Cat's-tail, or Reed-mace. Linn. 

 jSp. PI. 1377. Willd. n. 3. Fl. Brit. n. 2. Engl. Bot. 

 ;t. 1456. Purfh n. 2. Brown n. I ? Fl. Dan. t. 815. 

 I(T. minor ; Curt. Lond. fafc. 3. t. 62. T. paluftris 

 'media ; B.iuh. Hift. v. 2- 540. Morif. feft. 8. t. 13. f. 2.) 

 j — Leaves flattifh upwards ; channelled and femicylindrical 

 ■below. Catkins a little diftant, leaflefs. — Much lefs com- 

 Imon than the laft, though like it a native of all parts of 

 lEurope, as well as of Pennfylvania and Virginia, flowering 

 'at the fam? feafon. Mr. Brown doubts whether his New 

 IHoUand plant be the fame fpecies or not, its fize exceed- 

 ling what is found in Europe. He fuggefts that it may 

 Ipoflibly be what Purfti has called T. domingenfis, in his 

 ^Synopjis, V. 2. 532. This is a doubt we have no means 

 ijf removing. Our anguflifoRa, though nearly as tall as the 

 ^htifolia, is in every part much fmaller and more (lender. 

 Irhe leaves are more convex on their under fide, and to- 

 i Vol. XXXVL 



wards the bafe at leaft they are concave, or ciiannelled on 

 the upper. There is always a naked fpace between the 

 male and female catkins. The roughnefs between the male 

 flowers is rather chaffy than hairy, and feems to take place 

 oi the perianths. The fruit-bearing catkin fometimes Iplits 

 longitudinally, in growing, into four difmembered portions. 

 The original Linnasan names have been retained in FL Brit. 

 and by fubfequent writers, in preference to Mr. Curtis's 

 major and minor, which latter might have led only to con- 

 fufion. 



3. T. minor. Dwarf Cat's-tail, or Reed-mace. Fl. 

 Brit. n. 3. Engl. Bot. t. 1457. Willd. n. 2. Ait. n. 2. 

 Bauh. Hift. V. 2. 540. Lob. Ic. 81. (T. anguftifolia ; 

 Linn. Sp. PI. 1378. Hudf. 400. T. minima; Willd. 

 n. 4. T. paluftris minima, duplici clava ; Morif. feft. 8. 

 t. 13. f. 3.) — Leaves hnear ; convex at the back. Catkins 



a little diftant ; the male leafy ; female fliort and turgid 



Native of marfhy, rather faiidy, places in England, Swit- 

 zerland, and Germany, flowering in July or Auguft. — The 

 root is perennial and creeping, and the habit of the plant 

 hke the two foregoing fpecies, but its fize much fmaller 

 than either, the flem being only tv/elve or eighteen inches 

 high, and very (lender, (heathed with broad fcales about 

 half its length, which have been miftaken for leaves. The 

 real leaves fpring, as defcribed in Englifh Botany, from a 

 different parcel of fimilar fcales, and are as tall as the ftem, 

 fcarcely a line in breadth, flightly channelled, convex at 

 the back. Catkins each about an inch long, a little diftant 

 from each other ; the male with a leafy fcale or two at its 

 bafe, middle, or fummit ; the fenrale fomewhat elliptical, 

 tumid, often divided. Anthers moftly folitary. Floivers 

 not much interfperfed with hairs or chaffy fcales. — There 

 can be no doubt, from Willdenow's defcription, of his 

 T. minima being the fame plant as minor, of which latter he 



was not confcious of having feen a fpecimen T. minor 



was found on Hounflow Heath in the time of Dillenius. 

 We have not heard of it from any recent coUeftor. 



TYPHiE, one of JufTieu's natural orders, the eighth of 

 his general feries, the fecond of his fecond clafs. Its name 

 is derived from one of the only two genera which conftitute 

 this order, (fee T-^pha) ; the other being SpARGANIUM, 

 which the reader will find in its proper place. 



The fecond of Juflieu's clafles is formed of monocoty- 

 ledonous plants, whofe ftamens are inferted below the 

 germen. Their calyx is either of one or more leaves, or 

 wanting. Corolla (in Juflieu's opinion) none. Stamens in- 

 ferior, moftly definite in number. Germen fuperior, fimple ; 

 flyle either one or more, or wanting ; fligma fimple or divided. 

 Seed folitary, naked or covered ; or the fruit is of one cell, 

 with one or many feeds. Leaves moftly alternate and (heath- 

 ing. Flowers fometimes diftinft in fex, by the failure of 

 one or other of their organs of impregnation. — The orders 

 are four ; Aroide^, Typhd, Cyperoidea, and Craminsts ; for 

 the two laft, fee Calamari« and Gramina. The 

 Aroidea confift of Ambrofinia, Zoflera, Arum, Calla, Dra- 

 contium. Pathos, Houttnynia, Orontium, and Acorus. 



The Typhx are thus charafterized. Flonuers monoecious ; 

 the males aggregate, triandrous, with a three-leaved calyx ; 

 females likewife aggregate, with a three-leaved (rather, we 

 would fay, many-leaved) Cij/yK; germen fuperior ; flyle fimple ; 

 feed folitary. Leaves all alternate and fheathing. Plants 

 herbaceous and aquatic. 



Mr. R. Brown makes the Typhx of Juflieu but a feftion 

 of his Aroidea. He obferves that xhtir feeds are pendulous ; 

 thofe of Sparganium each in a dry drupa, thofe of Typha in 

 that kind of membranous clofe capfule termed by Gasrtner 

 utriculus, 



3 S TYPHIUM, 



t 



