T Y P 



TYPHIUM.a name u£ed by fome autliors for colt's-foot . 



Typhium, in Ancient Geography, a mountain of Greece, 

 in Boeotia. 



TYPHLE, or Typhline, a name by wbch fame 

 authors have called the fiih mors ufually known by the 

 name of the acus. 



TYPHLINUS, in Zoology, the name by which the 

 Greeks, and from them fome others, hare called the cacilia, 

 or flow -worm. 



TYPHLOSIS, from Tv^^i'j,-, WW; blindnefs. 



TYPHODES, Febris, in Medicine. See TyPHUS. 



TYPHOMANIA, probably fromn rv(po;,/moie, and ^lajia, 

 phrenfy, but the propriety of which is not very obvious, a 

 term ufed by the older writers in medicine to denote a ftate 

 of difeafe in which lethargy- was combmed with delirium, 

 or, as fome have ftated, an apparent fopor with aftual watch- 

 fulnefs: whence the appellation has been deemed fynoni- 

 mous with coma vigil. A more accurate pathology has 

 difcarded thefe vague diftinftions ; for every degree of 

 morbid fomnolency, from lethargy up to complete apoplexy, 

 appears to be the fame in kind, differing only in violence. 

 See Apoplexy, Coma, and Lethargy. 



TYPHON, or Typhceus, in Mythology, the name of 

 one of the rebel giants. 



The fable of Typhon is one of the mod myflerious among 

 the ancient mythologifts. The Greeks and Latins, depend- 

 ing upon traditions received from the Egj'ptians, defcribe 

 him as a hoixid monfter, produced, as they fay, from the 

 Earth by the jealous Juno, in order to avenge herfelf of 

 Latona, her rival. Hefiod fays, that this giant was the fon 

 of Tartarus and Terra. Manilius exprefles himfelf to this 

 purpofe : — 



Merito Typhonis habentur 



Horrendae fedes, quern Tellus faeva profudit, 

 Cum bellum Coelo peperit." 



Apoilodorus makes Typhon the moft terrible of all monfters ; 

 defcribing him as having a hundred heads, and as iffuing from 

 his hundred mouths devouring flames, and bowlings fo dread- 

 ful, that he equally terrified gods and men. His body, whofe 

 upper part was covered with feathers, and the extremity en- 

 twined with ferpents, was fo vaft, that he touched the ikies 

 with his head. His wife, fays this author, was Echidna, and 

 his offspring were the Gorgon, Geryon, Cerberus, the Hydra 

 of Lerna, the Sphinx, and the Eagle which preyed upon the 

 unfortunate Prometheus ; in a word, all the monfters that 

 were hatched in the country of fables. Hyginus adds, that 

 Typhon no fooner fprung from the earth, than he refolved 

 to declare war againft the gods, and to revenge the over- 

 throw of the giants. A conteft took place between Typhon 

 and Jupiter, which, after various dreadful conflitls, ter- 

 minated in the defeat of Typhon, who, being purfued by 

 Jupiter and affailed with thunderbolts, was at laft driven 

 into Sicily, and there buried under mount uEtna. The con- 

 jeftures of modern authors m their attempts for explaining 

 this fable have been very various. Some, among whom is 

 G. VofTius, are of opinion that Typhon was the fame with 

 Og, king of Bafhan. Bochart fuppofes that he was the 

 fame with Enceladus. Some authors think that Typhon 

 was king of Sicily, and others that he was the fame as 

 Efau. Huet apprehends that Typhon was the legiflator 

 of the Hebrews, become extremely odious to the Egyptians 

 by the deftruftion of their firft-born. Banier fuppofes, that 

 Typhon and his brother Ofiris were much more ancient than 

 Mofes ; and that the idolatrous worfhip of the oxen Apis 

 and Mnevis, confecrated to Ofiris, was fpread through 

 Egypt before the Ifraelites entered there, fince it was upon 



T Y R 



this model, according to Selden, that Aaron made the 

 golden calf which the Jews worfhipped in the wildemefs. 

 A difpute arofe between Typhon and Ofiris, and he was 

 drowned, as it is faid, on the authority of Herodotus, in the 

 marfhes of the lake Serbonis, or killed in a battle fought 

 with his nephew Orus, whence the Egyptian priefts made 

 the people believe, that the gods interefted therafelves in 

 avenging Ofiris, by deftroying his perfecutor with a thunder- 

 bolt. Thus, however, perifhed the cruel tyrant of Egypt, 

 and the kingdom was left to voung Orus, under the re- 

 gency of his mother Ifis. For further particulars we refer 

 to Banier's Mythology, vol. i. 



Typhon, or Tjpho, in Phyfics. See Whirlwind. 

 TYPHONIS Insula, in Ancient Geography, an ifland 

 of the Mediterranean fea, upon the coaft of the Troade. 



TYPHUS, Fehri! Typhodes, in Medicine, a term ufed by 

 Hippocrates to denote a fever of an inflammatory charafter, 

 probably derived from Ti>?oa, / injlame. The difeafe, how- 

 ever, not having been very diftinftly defcribed by that 

 writer, other authors have applied the term to fevers of a 

 nervous character, and it is now received as the appellation 

 of ordinary low fever, and itands in oppofition to inflam- 

 matory fever. In fhort, by the word typhus, we now un- 

 derftand the common contagious fever of this and other 

 northern climates, which has received various appellations, 

 according to the fituations in which it has prevailed, or to 

 fome of its fymptoms, or to the degree of its feverity ; fuch 

 as hofpital, gaol, and (hip fever ; petechial, fpotted, or 

 purple fever ; putrid, malignant, infeftious fever ; continued 

 fever, &c. This common fever, or typhus, differs effen- 

 tially from the eruptive fevers, fmall-pox, meafles, chicken- 

 pox, and fcarlet fever, which affeft any individual but once 

 dunng life ; it differs from the plague of the Eaft, which 

 is accompanied with buboes, and from the yellow fever, 

 the bilious remittent fever of hot chmates ; and from the 

 remittent and intermittent fevers, the effeft of marfh effluvia, 

 in more northern latitudes : but, under all the circum- 

 ftances and denominations above alluded to, it appears to 

 be of the fame nature, and is ufually underftood by phyfi- 

 cians in Europe, when they fpeak oi fever fimply. As we 

 have entered at great length into the nature of this difeafe, 

 and the doftrines of pathologifts refpefting it, under its 

 proper head, it would be fuperfluous to enter more largely 

 into the fubjeft here. See Fever. 



TYPIC Fevers, an appellation given by medical writers 

 to thofe fevers which are regular m their attacks, and in 

 their general period : they are thus called by way of dif- 

 tinftion from the erratic, which obferve no regular type, or 

 determinate appearance. 



TYPOGRAPHY, formed from tuto; andy^a?!), 'writing, 

 the art of printing. 



TYPOLITES, or Typolithus, formed of nrrti;, type, 

 and \i6^;,Jione, in Natural Nijlory, names given to ftones or 

 foffils, on which are impreffed the figures of various animals 

 and vegetables. See Stonek, Adventitious Fossils, &c. 



TYR, in the Ethiopian Calendar, the name of the fifth 

 month of the Ethiopian year. It commences on the 25th 

 of December of the Julian year. 



Tyr, in Mythology, a name given to a warrior deity, tlie 

 proteftor of champions and brave men, invoked by the 

 ancient northern nations.. 



The third day of the week was confecrated to Tyr, from 

 whom, it is faid, the name given to it in moft of the northern 

 languages is derived : it is called in Dan. Tyrfdag, or 

 Tiifdag ; in Sued. Tijdag ; in Englifh, Tuefday ; in Low 

 Dutch, Z)io^j-/<7f; and in Latin, Dies Martis : whence it 

 IS inferred, that Tyr anfwered to Mars. 



The 



