T Y R 



vices, drawn down upon themfelves and their country. The 

 city was burnt down to the ground, and the inhabitants, (thofe 

 whom the Sidonians fecretly conveyed away in their (hips 

 excepted,) either deftroyed or enflaved by the conqueror, 

 who, upon his firft entering the city, put 8000 to the fword, 

 caufed 2000 of thofe whom he took prifoners to be cru- 

 cified, and fold the reft, to the number of 30,000, fays Ar- 

 rian, for flaves. His cruelty towards the 2000 that were 

 crucified was highly unbecoming the charafter of a gene- 

 rous conqueror, and reflefts eternal difgrace upon his 

 fame. 



After the city was reduced, king Azelmic took fanc- 

 tuary in the temple of Hercules, and was not only fpared 

 by the conqueror, but reftored to the throne, after Alex- 

 andei" had repeopled the place ; for having cleared it of its 

 former inhabitants, he planted it anew with colonies drawn 

 from the neighbouring parts ; and thenceforth ftyled him- 

 felf the founder of Tyre, a city which he had moft un- 

 generoufly deftroyed. From hence, having unchained 

 Apollo, whofe rtatue the Tyrians had faftened, during the 

 fiege, with golden chains, to the altar of Hercules, return- 

 ing liim thanks for his intention of coming over to the Mace- 

 donians, and offered facrifice to Hercules, Alexander con- 

 tinued his march into Egypt. This city afterwards re- 

 gained a confiderable degree of power ; for in the year 

 313 B.C. it fuftained a fiege againft Antigonus of fifteen 

 months, before it was compelled to capitulate. It after- 

 vs-ards belonged to feveral mafters, until Antiochus the 

 Great, who took poffeffion of it in the year 218 B.C. It 

 •ifterwards became fubieft to the Seleucidoe. Caffius, a 

 Roman governor, fold it to Marion, whofe wealth enabled 

 him to purchafe the principality. Tyre, formerly called 

 Tzor (Jofh. xix. 29.), renowned for its trade and the nu- 

 merous colonies which it tranfplanted into feveral parts of 

 the world, and the wars in which its inhabitants valiantly 

 engaged, was in all its glory when Alexander took it, about 

 300 years after its capture by Nebuchadnezzar. Tyre was 

 ftill in great repute in the time of our Saviour. ( See Matth. 

 xi. 21. XV. 21. Mark, iii. 8. Luke, vi. 17.) It made a 

 confiderable figure in the reign of Herod Agrippa, who 

 defigned to wage war againft it, if it had not fecured peace 

 by its deputies. (A£ls, xii. 20.) When the apoftle Paul 

 travelled through this place, it had fome Chriftian inha- 

 bitants. (Afts, xxi. 4.) In the fecond century it was a 

 bifhop's fee ; and St. Jerome tells us, that in his time it was 

 the moft famous and moft beautiful city of Phoenicia, and a 

 mart for all the nations of the world. This ancient father 

 alleges this circumftance as an objeftion to the accomplifh- 

 ment of Ezekiel's prophecy (ch. xxvi. 14.), and replies 

 to it, that the prophet's declaration is to be underftood as 

 intimating, that Tyre (hould no longer be the queen of na- 

 tions, and enjoy the fame authority and dominion as it pof- 

 fefled under Hiram, and its other kings, but ftiould be 

 fubjeft to the Chaldxans, Macedonians, Ptolemies, and at 

 laft to the Romans. Others have fuppofed, that the pro- 

 phet does not fpeak of the ruin of Tyre by Nebuchadnezzar, 

 and Alexander the Great, but of its final deftruftion, of 

 which the other events were forerunners. And mdeed 

 Tyre, as we have faid, is now only a poor village, inhabited 

 by fiihermen (fee Sur) ; fo that the prophecy is fulfilled, 

 which declared, " that it fhould be a place for filhermen to 

 dry their nets on." Ezekiel may alfo be explamed by the 

 prophet Ifaiah (xxiii. 15.), who limits the deftruftion of 

 Jerufalem to 70 years. But the prophecy of Ezekiel may 

 be more fatisfadorily explained, with fir J. Marfliam, Le 

 Clerc, and other learned authors, who interpret it con- 

 cerning Old Tyre, i. (. Pals-tyrus, which ftood a little 



T Y R 



lower on the continent, and the beft materials of which were 

 ufed by Alexander the Great, in making the ifthmus which 

 now joins Tyre to the continent. (See Q. Curtius, 1. iv. 

 c. 2.) This Tyre was deftroyed by Nebuchadnezzar, and 

 never rebuilt. The inhabitants, fuiding themfelves upon 

 the brink of deftrudion, removed, as we have already faid, 

 with their wives and children, and moft valuable goods, to 

 the ifland of Tyre, where they built a city of the fame 

 name ; fo that Nebuchadnezzar, according to the prophecy 

 (Ezek. xxix. 18.), was no gainer by his expedition. The 

 Jews at Tyre, as Jofephus informs us, fuffered much from 

 the Tyrians. This city was formerly the metropohtan fee 

 of the province of Phoenicia. Tyre was transferred to the 

 Arabians, with the reft of Syria ; and before it was reduced 

 to its prefent miferable ftate, it was twice befieged by the 

 Chriftians in the time of the Crufades, -viz. in 11 12, and 

 again in 1 1 24. It was unfuccefsfuUy attacked by Saladin 

 in 1 192; but in 1291, Kabil, fultan of the Mamelukes, 

 obtained it by capitulation, and razed its forts. 



TYRESIO, in Geography, a fea-port town of Sweden, 

 in Sudermannland ; 9 miles S.E. of Stockholm. 



TYRI, a lake of Norway, in the province of Agger- 

 huus ; 15 miles N.W. of Chriftiania. 



TYRIjEUM, in ylncient Geography, a confiderable town 

 of Afia, in Pifidia, called alfo Tyros. 



TYRINGHAM, in Geography, a town of Mafiachu- 

 fetts, in the county of Berkftiire, containing 1689 inha- 

 bitants ; 140 miles W. of Bofton. 



TYRIUM Marmor, a name given by the ancients to a 

 fpecies of marble of a beautiful white, fometimes free from 

 veins, and fometimes variegated with duflty blackifti-grey 

 ones. When pure, it was Dttle inferior to the Parian, and 

 often was ufed inftead of it by the ftatuaries. See Marble. 



TYRNAU, in Gfo^ra/)Aj. See Tirnau. 



Tyrnau, a town of Moravia, in the circle of Olmutz ; 

 14 miles N.W. of Olmutz. 



TYRNITZ. See Dyrnitz. 



TYRNSTEIN. See Diernstein. 



TYRO. See Tyrocinium. 



TYROCINIUM, Tyrociny, formed of tyro, a raw 

 beginner, a noviciate or apprenticefhip in any art or fcience. 



We have feveral writings under the title of tyrociniums ; 

 tyrocinium chymiciim, tyrocinium chirurgicum. Sec. containing 

 the rudiments of thofe arts, accommodated to the apprehen- 

 fions of beginners. 



TYROL, in Geography, a citadel which gives name to 

 the Tyrolefe county ; 1 mile N. of Meran. N. lat. 46° 37'. 

 E. long. 11°. 



TYROLESE, or Upper Aujlria, a county, bounded on 

 the north by Bavaria, on the eaft by Salzburg and Carinthia, 

 on the fouth by Italy, and on the weft by Bavaria and the 

 Grifons ; in this circle .ire included the county of Tyrol 

 Proper, the bifhopric of Trent, and the birtiopric of Brixen. 

 The bifhopric of Trent is fituated to the fouth ; the bifhop- 

 ric of Brixen occupies the north-eaft part ; and the county 

 of Tyrol the centre. This county is mountainous, and ca- 

 pable of making a powerful ftand againft .in invading enemy ; 

 but the TyroHan mountains, though covered with fnow to 

 the very utmoft fummits of them, are alfo fertile ; where 

 are found not only the fineft woods, abounding in a variety 

 of game, but alio large and good corn-fields; or, where 

 thefe mountains are barren, there are, for the moft part, 

 mine works, or excellent marble, of all colours. Corn 

 thrives well in many, nay in moft places here ; and in fome 

 places flax. On the eminences grow alfo all forts of fine 

 fruits which Italy yields, and likewife fmall woods of chef- 

 nut trees, together with fine vines. Among the wild beafts 

 ° here 



