T Y R 



here are cliamois and wild goats. There are, hkewife, in 

 this county, feveral fpecies of precious ftones, as granites, 

 rubies, amethyfts, and emeralds, a fpecies of diamonds, 

 agates, cornelians, chalcedonies, &c. Hot baths and medi- 

 cinal fprings are found in feveral places ; at Hall are pro- 

 fitable falt-pits. Not far from Schwatz is a mine of filver 

 and copper ; and feme miles diftant from the latter is alfo a 

 mnie work, which yields a very foft and malleable coppen 

 The copper contains in it fome filver and gold. Good lead, 

 together with fine mineral colours, alum, vitriol, and fine 

 filver ore, are alfo found here. The principal rivers in this 

 county are the Ihn, or Inn, the Adige, the Lech, and the 

 Ifer. In this county are twelve towns and ten villages, 

 which have markets. The common people here, exclufive 

 of tho fubfiflence which the mines and falt-works yield them, 

 have not much to earn ; fo that a great part of them feek 

 for fubfiftence out of the country, either by trade or labour. 

 Tyrol was formerly a part of RhcEtia, but, in the fixth 

 century, the greateft part of it defcended to the dukes of 

 Bavaria, and this was afterwards reckoned in Noricum ; 

 but, over the fouthern part, the Longobards, at the fame 

 time, extended their dominion. The dukes of Bavaria ap- 

 pointed marggraves here ; but Henry the Lion, duke of 

 Bavaria and Saxony, being, in i i8o, put under the ban of 

 the empire, by the emperor Frederic L, this laft difmem- 

 bered the prefent province of Tyrol from Bavaria, invefting 

 therewith the marggrave Berchtold, under the title of duke 

 of Meran. Otto II., grandfon to this Berchtold, dying 

 without male iffue, in the year 1248, this county came to 

 count Albrecht III., who refided at the citadel of Tyrol, 

 gave up the title of duke of Meran, and ftyled the whole 

 country the county of Tyrol. Tyrol had, afterwards, fre- 

 quently princes of its own, of the houfe of Auflria ; the laft 

 of whom, named Sigifmund Francis, died in 1665, upon 

 which the emperor Leopold received homage on that ac- 

 count, in perfon, at Infpruck ; and by the peace of Pref- 

 burg it was ceded to Bavaria. The high fovereign colleges 

 over Tyrol, when fubjeft to the houfe of Aultria, were 

 feated at Infpruck ; and towards the maintenance of the 

 military ftate, it contributed yearly 100,000 florins. 



TYRONE, a county of Ireland, in the province of 

 lJlft«r, which is entirely inland, and very irregular in its 

 (hape. On the north it has the county of Derry ; on the 

 weft, Donegal ; on the fouth, Fermanagh and Monaghan ; 

 and on the eaft, Armagh, with Lough-Neagh. Its divifions 

 from thefe counties are feldom marked by nature, but the 

 river Blackwater bounds it for about 30 miles on the fouth- 

 eaft and eaft, and the rivers Fin and Foyle for about 10 miles 

 oil the north-weft. The greateft length from eail to weft is 

 43 Irifh miles, or 54i Englifh ; and the greateft breadth 

 33 Irilh, or 42 Enghfti. The area meafures 467,700 acres, 

 or 724 fquare miles Irifti, which is equal to 751,387 acres, 

 or 1 163 fquare miles Englift.. Dr. Beaufort ftates the 

 number of houfesat 28,704, which, at ^^ fer houfe, would 

 give a population of near 1 5 8,000, or about 40 to each fquare 

 Irifti mile. As this was the ftatcment in 1792, the increafe 

 muft have been confiderable. The number of parifhes is 

 only 35, and thefe have 38 churches. Moft of thefe are in 

 the diocefe of Armagh, but there are fome in the diocefes 

 of Deny and Clogher. Tyrone is reprefented in the im- 

 perial parliament by two members for the county, and one 

 for the borough of Dunga...ion. The northern part of the 

 county is roagh and mountainous. The Cairntogher and 

 Munterlony mountains occupy a large fpace ; and to the 

 fouth of thefe are the high hills called " Befly Bell" and 

 " Mary Grey." Thefe produce very little, being in 

 general wet and fpongy. Where, however, gravel or any 



T Y R 



porous fubftance forms the fubftratum, the furface is dry 

 and wholefome, and well calculated for pafture. The other 

 parts of the county contain '. .ry good land ; and fome 

 diftrifts are remarkable for their fertility, efpecially the 

 neighbourhood of Dungannon, extending eaftwirds towards 

 the Blackwater, and about Cookftown. The produce of 

 this county, and the ftate of manufaftiu'es, zgrne in the 

 leading features with thofe of the other northern ones. 

 The farms, except in the mountainous diftrii'^s, are ufually 

 fmall ; and the produce in general oats, bailey, potatoes, 

 and flax. The linen manufadlure is extenfively carried on ; 

 and it gives a favourable idea of the induftry of the inha- 

 bitants, to learn from the county furvey, that much culti- 

 vated ground has been gained from the bogs and mo intains. 

 " In all parts of this country," faid Dr. Beaufort in 1792, 

 " cultivation is creeping, and that not flowly, up the fides 

 of all the hills and moui tains that are capable of improve- 

 ment." In this county, the culture of the ;jrafs called 

 Jiortn was commenced by Dr. Richardfon at Clonfeale, 

 near May, the excellencies of which have been laid befoi-e 

 the public in various publications, and have attrafted the 

 attention of many eminent agriculturirt:s. Many parts of 

 Tyrone contain large quarries of lime-ftone, though it is 

 not generally ufed for manure. There are alfo many 

 quarries of free-ftone ; and good n.ill-ftones are hewn out of 

 detached rocks. It is probable that iron-ore is abundant ; 

 but without greater plenty of fuel, it can be of no ufe. 

 Clay fit for bricks, and for various kinds of pottery ware, 

 is alfo found in many places. But that mineral which has 

 engaged moft attention is coal. At Coal-Ifland, in the 

 eaftern part of the county, coal-works have been carried on 

 with fome fuccefs. Five pits were working in the year 

 1800, with the appearance of induftry. There feemed, 

 however, a want of encouragement ; and the canal, which 

 had been made from this plate t.a the Blackwater, wa* 

 choaked up with mud and weeds. A fimilar account may 

 be given of the collieries at Drumglafs, near Dungannon ; 

 fo that though above 140,000/. were expended from the ' 

 national purle in making canals, independently of private 

 exertions, the objeft has not been obtained ; and the Newry 

 canal, inftead of conveying the Tyrone coals to that port, 

 to be (hipped for Dublin and other places, fupplies the 

 county through which it paffes with Englifti and Scotch 

 coal. At the time of making thefe grants, from 1751 to 

 about 1770, there was a furplus of the revenue, which was 

 fpent on various public works, but not always to advantage, \ 

 and very feldom with economy. In the inftance above men- j 

 tioned, the objeft was to fave the large fums fent annually 

 out of Ireland for coal, or rather to procure a fupply of 

 that article on lower terms than it was ufually obtained. 

 But though fome advantage has arifen from the Newry 

 canal, fo great has been the expence attending it, and fo 

 complete the failure of all the other parts of the fpeculation, 

 except for the fupply of the adjoining country, as feems to 

 illuftrate the opinion, that the interference of government 

 in fuch plans feldom fucceeds, and that the grants intended 

 to encourage them are too commonly abufed and perverted. 

 It has been faid, that there are indications of a rich coal- 

 mine near the village of Drumquin, in the fouth-weft of the 

 county, and in a diftrift abounding with iron-ore ; and aft 

 this is only 1 2 miles diftant from Lough Erne, a canal has 

 been recommended ; but fince the union, and efpecially 

 fince the taxes have prefTed fo heavily on all ranks, fuch 

 fpeculations are not fo readily adopted. The report of 

 Mr. Griffith, the mining engineer of the Dublin Society, on 

 the Ulfter coal diftrift, will throw much light on the fub- 

 jcft ; but his opinion, as expreffed in his report on the 



Leinfttr 



