T Y R 



ufeful advice as a military leader, in confequence of which 

 the Spartans conferred upon him the right of citizenftiip, 

 and honoured him whilft he refided among them. His war- 

 poems have been celebrated by the ancients, and particularly 

 by Horace, who joins him with Homer in his eulogy : 



Poll hos infignis Homerus 



Tyrtsufque mares animos in martia bella 

 Verfibus exacuit." Art. Poet. 



Befides thefe poems, he compofed, alfo, " Moral Pre- 

 cepts," and a work " On the Polity of the Lacedaemo- 

 nians." Some fragments of his " War-Poems" are extant, 

 which are publifhed with the other minor Greek poets, and 

 are faid to be charafterized by a mafculine fimplicity. Mo- 

 reri. Anc. Un. Hift. Gen. Biog. 



TYRVANDO, in Geography, a town of Sweden, in 

 Tavaftland ; lo miles N.N.W. of Tavafthus. 



TYRVIS, a town of Sweden, in the government of 

 Abo ; 35 miles E.S.E. of Biorneborg. 



TYRUS, in AncienI Geography, a town of the Pelopon- 

 nefus, in Laconia. — Alfo, a town of Afia Minor, in Lydia. 

 — Alfo, an ifiand fituated on the coaft of Syria, near the 



continent, according to Ptolemy Alfo, an ifland fituated 



in the Perfian gulf. Strabo. 



Tyrus, a word ufed by fome of the barbarous writers 

 for a ferpent or viper. 



TYRWHITT, Thomas, in Biography, a profound 

 fcholar and acute critic, was born in 1730, fent to Eton 

 fchool in 1741, and entered at Queen's college, Oxford, in 

 1747. In 1755 he was elefted fellow of Merton college, 

 and in 1756 afted as under fecretary of war. In 1762 ne 

 became clerk to the houfe of commons, which poll he re- 

 tained till the year 1768. At this time he retired to purfue 

 thofe ftudies which were adapted to his genius andtafte, and 

 to the acquirements he had already made in the knowledge 

 of ancient and modern languages, and of the old as well as 

 modern writers of his own country. He commenced his 

 publications with compofitions in poetry ; fuch were " An 

 Epiftle to Florio," and Latin verfions of the " Mefliah" 

 and " Splendid Shilling," with an Enghlh one of " Pindar's 

 eighth Ifthmian Ode." In 1766 appeared his " Obfervations 

 and Conjeftures on fome Paffages of Shakfpeare," which 

 enabled him to communicate ingenious remarks to Mr. 

 Steevens and Mr. Reed, for their editions of the works of 

 this great dramatift. His " Proceedings and Debates in the 

 Houfe of Commons in 1620 and 1621, from an original 

 MS. in Queen's College, Oxford," appeared in the fame 

 year; and in 1768 he publifhed a correfted and enlarged 

 edition of " Elfynge's Manner of holding Parliaments in 

 England." His fii-ft publication in critical literature was 

 " Fragmenta duo Plutarchi," 1773, f™"" one of the Har- 

 leyan MSS. This was followed by a very valuable edition of 

 Chaucer's " Canterbury Tales," in 4 vols. 8vo. 1773, which, 

 befides correftions of the original text, contains an intro- 

 duftion and admirable eflay on the author's language and 

 verfification. In 1776, he further difplayed his Latin erudi- 

 tion and critical acumen, by a Latni diffcrtation on Babrius, 

 one of the writers of the Efopean fables. In 1777 he gave 

 a complete edition of the poems attributed to Rowley, with 

 a preface and gloffary. In a fubfequent edition, which ap- 

 peared m 1778, he expreffes his full conviftion, with the 

 grounds of his opinion, that they were written fblely by 

 Chatterton, and he afterwards fatisfied all unprejudiced 

 judges with regard to this fubjed of literary controverfy 

 (See Chatterton.) We (hall merely enumerate his re- 

 maining works, which were, an edition of a Greek poem, 

 nc^i A.ew; {on Stones), afcribed to Orpheus, together 



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with a fupplement to his diflertation on Babrius, 1781 ; 

 " ConjeAurx in Strabonem," 1783; and a newly difcovered 

 " Oration of Ifasus againft Menocles," 1785. Mr. Tyrwhitt 

 was a member of the Royal and Antiquarian Societies, and 

 a curator of the Britifh Mufeum. He died, much lamented, 

 in 1786, in his 56th year; having eftablilhed a charafterthat 

 was truly eftimable. He bequeathed to the Britifii Mufeum 

 all thofe of his books which were not before in that repofi- 

 tory. Nichols's Lit. Anecd. Gen. Biog. 



TYSCA, in Ancient Geography, a country of Africa, in 

 which there were fifty towns. Maffiniflra and the Carthagi- 

 nians difputed the polfeffion of this country, and the difpute 

 was referred to the fenate of Rome, according to Appian. 



TYSERRA, in Geography, a town of Hindooftan, in 

 Bahar ; 32 miles S. of Doefa. 



TYSHAS, among the Ethiopians, the name of the 

 fourth month of their year, commencing the 27th of No- 

 vember in the Julian year. 



TYSNASOE, in Geography, a fmall idand in the North 

 fea, near the coaft of Norway. N. lat. 60°. 



TYSSENS, Peter, in Biography, was born at Ant- 

 werp in 1625, and praftifed painting in portraiture and hif- 

 tory with very great fuccefs. In the latter, however, he 

 acquired the moft fubftantial portion of his fame ; and after 

 the death of Rubens, he was made dircftor of the Academy 

 at Antwerp in 1661. His compofitions are rich and in- 

 genious, and are condufted in a ftyle more correft and 

 grand than that of moft of his countrymen, and his colour 

 is clear and harmonious. Amongft the beft of his works 

 are his " Martyrdom of St. Beiiedi£l," in the church of the 

 Capuchins at Bruflels ; the " Crucifixion," at the Carmelites ; 

 and the " AlTumption of the Virgin," at the church of St. 

 James at Antwerp. He died in 1692, aged 67, leaving 

 two fons, painters. 



TYSTED, in Geography, a town of Denmark, in North 

 Jutland, fituated on a river which runs into the Lymford 

 gulf; 40 miles W. of Aalborg. N. lat. 57° 3'. E.long. 

 8° 45'. 



TYTERSAARI, a round ifland of the Baltic, belong- 

 ing to Ruffia : it is pretty high, but not above ten verfts in 

 circuit. It lies 18 verfts to the S.E. of Hochland. As ap- 

 pendages, on the weftern fide, or in the Sound, between it 

 and Hochland, it has four fmall ifles, quite low, but pretty 

 far afunder : Kleintitter, the two Viri, and Vajotcalla, and 

 on the fouthern fide a ftony ground, feven or eight verfts 

 in length, to the Narva paflage ; hence, it is hardly poffible 

 to land on this ifland. A third part of it is rock, another 

 third is morafs, and the remaining part an arid and fterile 

 fand-hill. The ifland has no fprings. The feaUfiihery is 

 here confiderable : the inhabitants live together in one 

 village. 



TYTH, or rather Tithe. See Tithe. 



TYTHING, and Tything-man. See Tithing, Deci- 



NERS, TeNMENTALE, fluNDRED, WAPENTAKE, &C. 



TZAGANUSKOI, in Geography, a town of Ruffia, in 

 the government of Irkutfl<, on the borders of China ; 48 

 miles S.S.W. of Selenginfl{. 



TZAGONI A, a diftria in the fouth part of the Morea, 

 between Mifitra and Cape Malio. 



TZAMAMENI, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in the 

 government of Marafch ; 40 miles S.E. of Marafch. 



TZAMANDUS, in Ancient Geography, a town of Afia, 

 in the vicinity of the Lefler Armenia. 



TZANATL, in Ornithology, the name of an American 

 bird defcribcd by Nieremberg, which, he fays, has all over 

 very long and beautiful feathers, of a fine green, and of the 

 ftiining glofs of the feathers of the peacock. The upper 



fide 



