VAC 



VAC 



Vacas Bay, a bay on the S. coaiit of Africa. S. lat. 



34° IS'- 



VACASA, a fraall idand near the W. coaft of Lewis. 



N. lat. 58° II'. W. long. 6° 57'. 



VACATAMA, a river of Peru, which runs into the 

 Pacific ocean, S. lat. 9° 25'. 



VACATING Records, in Lanu. See Imbezzle. 



VACATION, Non-term, all the time included between 

 the end of one term, and the beginning of the next fucceed- 

 ing one. See Terms. 



This intermiffion was called by our anceftors pax Dei, and 

 ecdelia ; and fometimes, the time or days of the king's peace. 

 Among the Romans, it was cMed ju/licium or feria, or dies 

 ne/ajii. 



The time from the death of a bifhop, or other fpiritual 

 perfon, till the bifhopric, or other dignity, be fupplied by 

 another, is alfo called vacation. 



During the vacation of a bilhopric, the dean and chap- 

 ter arc guardians of the fpiritualities, by the canon law ; 

 and of common right they are fo at this day in England, 

 and the archbifhop hath this privilege only by prefcription 

 or compofition, to whom with us, during the vacancy of 

 any fee v/ithin his province, all epifcopal rights of the 

 dioeefe belong ; and all ecclefiaftical jurifdiAion is exer- 

 cifed by him and his commiffioners. But when an archi- 

 epifcopal fee is vacant, the dean and chapter of his dioeefe 

 are guardians of the fpiritualities, and exercife the fpiritual 

 jurifdiftion of his province. And the perquifites that hap- 

 pen by the execution of fuch power belong to the guardian, 

 but the new^elefted bifhop may by law, after eleftion and 

 confirmation, execute the fame. See CusTOS Spiritualium. 



The cuftody of the temporahties of every archbilhopric 

 and bifhopric within the realm, in the time of vacation, 

 belong to the king by his prerogative ; and upon the filling 

 of a void bifliopric, the king, and not the new bifhop, hath 

 the temporalities of it from the time that the fame became 

 void to the time that tlie new bifhop fhall receive them from 

 the king : which the king ex gratia may grant him by his 

 letters patent after his confirmation, and before his confecra- 

 tion : but after he is confecrated, invefted, and inftalled, he 

 may fue for his temporalities out of the king's hands by a 

 writ direfted to the eftreator ; the metropolitan teftifying 

 the time of confecration. See CusTOS Temporaliwn. 



During the vacation of a benefice, the profits, by the 

 common law of the church, were to be laid out for the 

 benefit of the church, or refcrved for the fuccefTor ; and by 

 fpecial privilege or cuftom the bifhop or archdeacon might 

 have the fame, wholly or in part : and it is faid, the king 

 might take the profits of a free chapel, and the patron thofe 

 of a donative. But by flatute 28 Hen. VIII. c. II. it is 

 enafted, that the tithes and profits of fpiritual promotions, 

 1 offices, benefices, and dignities, during the time of their 

 ! vacation, fhall belong to the perfon next prefented, pro- 

 ; moted, inftituted, indufted, or admitted, towards the pay- 

 I ment of his firll-fruits. Anciently, upon the death of an 

 I incumbent, the rural dean, without any formal fequeftra- 

 i tion, took the vacant benefice into his cuftody ; but in pro- 

 ; cets of time, the chancellors of bifhops, or their arch- 

 j deacons, laid claim to this jurifdiftion, and by forms of fe- 

 , queftration affigncd vacant churches to the oeconomi or lay 

 I guardians of the church : and now the ordinary way of 

 ] managing the profits of vacation is by fequeflration granted 

 to the church-wardens, wlio are to manage all the profits 

 j and expences of the benefice for the fuccefTor ; whofe right 

 i to the profits commences from the voidance of the benefice, 

 and to whom the fequcflrators are to account for fuch as 

 I they have received, deducing their rcafonable expences, 



and thofe of fupplying the cure during the vacation. By 

 28 Hen. VIII. c. 11. an incumbent before his death may 

 make his teftament of all the profits of the corn growing 

 upon glebe lands which he has manured and fown : but if 

 his fuccefTor is indufted before the feverance of it from the 

 ground, the fuccefTor fhall have the tithe of it ; otherwifa, 

 if the parfon dies after the feverance of it, and before it is 

 carried off, the fuccefTor fhall have no tithe. Where there 

 is no proper leafe of tithes, the perfon who receives them 

 fhall be accountable to the executor for thofe received by 

 him, and which became due before the incumbent's death, 

 and to the fuccefTor for tithes which he received, and which 

 became due after the incumbent's death ; but glebe lands, 

 and tithes demifed or leafed, are comprehended under ftatute 

 II Geo. II. c. 19. which enafts, that the executors or ad- 

 miniftrators of a tenant for hfe may, in an aAion upon the 

 cafe, recover of the under tenant, if fuch tenant for life die 

 on the day on which the rent was made payable, the whole, 

 or if before fuch day, a proportion of fuch rent, according 

 to the time fuch tenant for life lived, of the laft year, or 

 quarter of year, or other time in which the faid rent was 

 growing due. As to modus in lieu of tithes, which, if 

 taken in kind, would have been due before the death of the 

 incumbent, whereas the modus for the fame is not due till 

 after his death, it feems that the executors are not entitled 

 to the faid modus, nor any part thereof, but that the whole 

 fhall go to the fuccefTor. 



Cicero, in his Orations, mentions a law, by which the 

 priefts were exempted from fervice in all wars, except only 

 in uproars, and civil tumults ; which exemptions he calls 

 vacationes. 



VACCA, in Ancient Geography, a town of Spain, in the 

 Pyrenean mountains, according to Ifidore. 



Vacca, Vagce, Bat a, or Vagenfe Oppidum, thus differently 

 named by Salluft, Ptolemy, Plutarch, and Pliny, Bay-jah, 

 a town of Africa, in Numidia, 10 leagues from Meterenfe 

 Oppidum. According to Salluft, it belonged to Jugurtha, 

 and he fays, that when it revolted, he eftablifhed in it 

 Italians. Metellus was fent to reduce it. 



Vacca, or Vacua, a river of Spain, in Lufitania, which 

 purfuing its courfe from E. to W. pafted to Talabriga, and 

 foon after ran into the fea. 



Vacca, La, in Geography, a fraall ifland in the Medi- 

 terranean, near the S. coafl of Sardinia ; 3 miles S. of 

 St. Antioco. 



Vacca, in Zoology, the female of the ox-kind. See 

 Cow. 



Vacca Marina. See Sea-Cow. 



VACCARIA, in Botany, fo named from vacca, a cow, 

 becaufe, according to Ambrofinus, cows are fond of the 

 plant. His Vaccaria, like that of Dodonasus and Gerarde, 

 is the Linna:an Saponaria Vaccaria, referred by the writer of 

 this to Gypsophila, fee that article ; with which genus its 

 bell-fliaped angular calyx, roundifh capfule, and whole habit, 

 accord fo exaftly, that we are at a lofs to account for Lin- 

 n:EUs's having placed it elfewhere. Tlie Vaccaria of Taber- 

 naemontanus is very different, being our Turritis glabra ; an 

 herb agreeing with the former in the glaucous, fmooth, en- 

 tire leaves, of its ftem at leaft, but otherwife having no cha- 

 raftcr or property in common therewith, and certainly of 

 too unfrequent occurrence, as well as of too flender a habit, 

 to afford much fupport for a dairy. The above Gypfophila 

 belongs to a natural order of plants to which farmers have, 

 as yet, fcarcely recurred for any fort of fodder, the Cam- 

 pion tribe. Might not the name before us authorize an ex- 

 periment at leaft, upon the qualities of this plant, as well as 

 on thofe of its near relation Silene injlata f Spergula arven/ls, 

 3 T 2 one 



