V A L 



fparingly clothed with forefts, but fo much the more with 

 beautiful meadows and fields, fo that the graziers derive 

 from them confiderable profit. The fpecies of wood are 

 the feveral forts of pines and firs, the birch, the linden, the 

 afpen, the alder, &c. The foil in the valleys moftly con- 

 fifts of clay and marie, and is generally fertile. Tooke's 

 View of the Ruffian Empire, vol. i. 



VALDEBURON, a town of Spain, in the province of 

 Leon ; 34 miles N.N.E. of Leon. 



VALDECONA, a town of Spain, in Catalonia, on the 

 borders of Valencia ; 15 miles S. of Tortofa. 



VALDEMANZANAS, a town of Spain, in the pro- 

 vince of Leon ; 8 miles S.W. of Aftorga. 



VALDEMORO, a town of Spain, in New Caftile ; 13 



miles S. of Madrid Alfo, a town of Spain, in New Caftile ; 



18 miles E.N.E. of Cnen^a. 



VALDENSES, in Ecdeftajlical Hiftory. See Vaudois. 



VALDEPENAS, in Geography, a town of Spain, in 

 the province of Jaen ; 8 miles S.W. of Jaen. — Alfo, a town 

 of Spain, in New Caftile ; 22 miles S.E. of Civdad Real. 



VALDERAS, a town of Spain, in the province of 

 Leon ; 23 miles S. of Leon. 



VALDERIES, a town of France, in the department of 

 the Tarn ; 6 miles N.N.E. of Alby. 



VALDES, John, in Biography, a Spanilh reformer and 

 a lawyer, was knighted by Charles V. During a tour in 

 Germany he imbibed the principles of Luther ; and after- 

 wards fettling in Italy, and chiefly at Naples, he became 

 fecretary to the king. During his abode in this city, he 

 communicated his fentiments to feveral perfons, and par- 

 ticularly to Peter Martyr and Ochinus. But though in his 

 religious fentiments he concurred with the reformers, and 

 in his notions with refpcft to the Trinity with thofe that 

 were denominated Unitarians, he does not appear to have 

 formed any ieparation from the church of Rome. His 

 difciples, however, were numerous, and aitrafted the notice 

 of the Inquifition ; the dread of which induced feveral of 

 them to quit the country, and others to retraft their 

 opinions. Valdes died at Naples about the year 1540, with 

 an eftabliftied charadler for piety and virtue, and leaving 

 feveral works, particularly " Commentaries on various Parts 

 of the New Teftament, &c." fome of which have been in- 

 ferted in the Index of the Inquifition, and others cenfured 

 by the reformers. Beza condemns his treatife entitled 

 " Confiderations," charging it with being the fource of the 

 errors of Ochinus. Bayle. 



VALDESIA, in Botany, a genus in the Flora Pede- 

 montana, page 57, fo named in memory of Don Antonio 

 Valdez, a Spaniard, minifter of the Spanifti marine, founder 

 of a botanic garden. De The'ts. 



VALDIA. See Ovieda. 



VALDIGEM, in Geography, a town of Portugal, in 

 the province of Beira, near the Duero ; 3 miles N.E. of 

 Lamego. 



VALDI VI A, a river of Chili, which runs into the South 

 Pacific ocean, near Valdivia. 



Valdivia. See Baldivia. 



VALDORE, a town of Hindooftan, in the Carnatic ; 

 8 miles W.N.W. of Pondicherry. 



VALDORF, or Waldorf, a town of Weftphalia, in 

 the county of Ravenftierg ; 3 miles S.W. of Bielefeld. 



VALDROME, a town of France, in the department of 

 the Drome; 18 miles S.S.E. of Die. 



VALDUS, or Waldos, Peter, in Biography, was the 

 fon of a rich merchant of Lyons, who lived in the twelfth 

 century, and derived his name from Vaux in Dauphinc, the 



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place of his nativity. With a mind deeply imprefled by the 

 fudden death of a friend, he directed his views entirely to 

 another world, diftributed his wealth in alms, and employed 

 himfelf in propagating juft fentiments, as he conceived them 

 to be, of true religion. From another account of this 

 reformer we learn, that about the year 1 160, he employed a 

 prieft in tranllating the four gofpels from Latin into French, 

 and by the perufal of them adopted opinions very diffi?rent 

 from thofe of the Romifh church. In ii8o, connefting 

 himfelf with a fmall fociety of fentiments fimilar to his own, 

 he aflumed the charafter of a public preacher. Attempts 

 were made to feduce him, but they proved ineffeftual ; and 

 the number of his followers gradually increafed. Expelled 

 from Lyons, he retired to the mountains of Dauphine and 

 Savoy, and propagated his opinions, which were eagerly 

 adopted by the multitude through the adjacent valleys, 

 where they took deep root, fo that no perfecution or vio- 

 lence could eradicate them. From him, as fome fay, fprung 

 the feft of the Waldenfes. For other particulars, we refer 

 to the article Vaudois. 



VALE of a Pump, at Sea, a term for the trough by 

 which the water runs from the pump along the (hip's fides, 

 to the fcupper-holes. 



Vale or f alley Lands, in Agriculture, are terms applied 

 to any of thofe which lie in low, narrow, hollow trafts or 

 depreffions between hills or rifing grounds on their diffi?rent 

 fides. They are, for the moft part, applicable in a more 

 particular manner to grafs and dairy praftices than others, 

 but fometimes, when fuitably dry, to thofe of the arable 

 kind. They are in many cafes very quick in vegetation, 

 and extremely produftive ; being i-eadily capable of im- 

 provements by warping, watering, and other fuch means, at 

 but little expence, which {hould always be well attended to, 

 in all fuch lands where there is the poffibility of effefting 

 them. 



The latter is likewife a term fometimes applied to a 

 gutter or channel in a road or other fuch fituation. 



VALEDIA, in Geography, a fea-port town of Africa, in 

 the kingdom of Fez, fituated on the coaft of the Atlantic, 

 in a ftony plain : here is a very fpacious natural bafon, fur- 

 rounded by rocks, capable of containing above 1000 ftiips ; 

 but the entrance, which is entirely open to the weft, is ex- 

 tremely difficult and dangerous. The coaft is lined with 

 rocks near 30 feet in height, which anciently muft have 

 been waftied by the fea, the Moors living in the caverns 

 hollowed out by the water. At the bottom of the rocks, 

 the fands heaped up by time have formed a plain, laid out 

 into gardens and cultivated : the town is little more than a 

 circle of walls, containing but few inhabitants ; 27 miles 

 S.S.W. of Mazagan. 



VALEGAR, a town of Hindooftan, in Coimbetore ; 

 15 miles W. of Damicotta. 



VALEGGIO, or Valezzo, a town of Italy, in the 

 department of the Benaco, on the river Mincio ; 14 miles , 

 S.W. of Verona. 



Valeggio, a town of Italy, in the department of the 

 Gogna ; 4 miles N.E. of Lumello. 



VALENt A, a town of Portugal, in the province of 

 Entre Duero e Minho, on the S. fide of the Minho, oppo- 

 fitc Tuy in Spain, and faid to have been founded by the 

 foldiers of Viriatus. It contains two parifti-churches, an 

 hofpital, two convents, and about 900 inhabitants ; 16 

 miles W. of Oporto. N. lat. 42°. W. long. 8° 20'. 



Valen^a de Alcantara, a town of Spain, in Eftremadura, 

 on the borders of Portugal ; 24 miles S.W. of Alcantara. 



Valen^a de Duero, a town of Portugal, in the province 



of 



