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Kerry, Ireland, in the barony of I veragh, from which it is fepa- 

 rated by a channel, which is a fafe harbour. Though Valentia 

 contains extenfive bogs, it has more inhabitants and better cul- 

 ture than could be expeaed in fo remote a fpot ; it is indeed 

 efteemed the granary of the country. Oliver Cromwell had 

 forts erefted at both ends of the channel, which have gone 

 to ruin. Valentia is the property of the marquis of Lanf- 

 dovvne. Its northern point is in N. lat. 51° 54'. W. long. 



lo'^ 10'. 



Valentia Harbour, a bay of Ireland, on the eaft lide 

 of Dingle bay, between the ifle of Valentia and Dowlas 

 Head. 



VALENTIAM. See Cape ad Valentiam. 



VALENTINE, Peter, in Biography, was born at Co- 

 lomiers en Brie in 1 600, and ftudied fome time under Simon 

 Vouet, but leaving that mailer before he had made any con- 

 fiderable progrefs, travelled to Rome, where he pafied the 

 remainder of his life : he may therefore be rather confidered 

 of the Roman than the French fchool. The powerful and 

 vigorous ftyle of Michael Angelo Caravaggio made fo ftrong 

 an impreffion on him, that he attached himfelf to an imita- 

 tion of it, with a devotion that was never diminifhed. Like 

 that artilt, he indulged in an extravagant, but effeftive con- 

 trail of light and (hadow ; like him, he was a faithful fol- 

 lower of nature, and was equally indifferent and unfortunate 

 in his choice of it ; like him, he was frequently incorreft, 

 and always ignoble. He was, however, an intelligent mailer 

 of the chiaro-fcuro, and his mafles are difpofed fo as to pro- 

 duce the moil ftriking effeft. Though he occafionally 

 painted altar-pieces for the churches, his powers appear to 

 have been better adapted to other fubjefts, which he alfo 

 appears to have painted in preference. His befl pictures 

 reprefent fortune-tellers, gamefters, concerts of mufic, and 

 corps de gardes ; to which his talle was more competent 

 than to the dignity of hiftoric painting. The patronage of 

 cardinal Barberini, nephew to Urban VIII., procured him 

 the commiffion to paint a large pidlure for the Bafilica of 

 St. Peter, reprefenting the Martyrdom of S. S. ProcefTo e 

 Martiniano, which is efteemed his bcft hiftorical pifture. 

 He alfo painted for his patron, the Decollation of St. John, 

 in the Palazzo Barberini ; and there is an admired pifture 

 by him in the Corfini palace, of Peter denying Chriil. This 

 pleafing painter died in 1632, at the early age of thirty-two, 

 of a fever, being brought on by going into a cold bath when 

 he was heated. 



Valentine, in Geography, a town of France, in the de- 

 partment of the Upper Garonne j z miles S.W. of St. 

 Gaudens. 



Valentine'^ Bay, a bay on the fouth-eaft coafl of Terra 

 del Fuego, weft of Cape Succefs. 



VALENTINI, Michael Bernhard, in Biography, a 

 native of Gieffen, in Germany, where he was born in 1 657, and 

 became a medical profeflbr, and where he died in 1 729. The 

 fubjedls of his writings, which are numerous, chiefly compre- 

 hend botany and the materia medica : of thefe we fhall here 

 mention his " Letters from the Eaft Indies ;" " Praxis 

 Medica," in two parts ; " Amphitheatrum Zootomicum," 

 fol. ; and a " Corpus Juris Medico-legalis," fol. referring 

 for other works to the botanical article Valentinia. 

 Haller. 



Valentini, Pietro Francesco, of Rome, who flou- 

 rilhed about the year 1645, and whofe patience and abihties 

 in the conftruftion of canons feem to have made every fub- 

 fequent canonift defpair of emulating his fubtilties and dex- 

 terity in the art. Indeed he appears to have furpafted all 

 that the moft determined canonifts had ever achieved, by 

 tlie feveral works which he publifhed on the fubjeft, in the 



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following order : " Canon to the words IHos luos mij'.r'i- 

 cordes oculos ad nos converte, with the Refolution in more 

 than two thoufand ways, for two, three, four, and five Voices, 

 Rome, 1629 ;" " Canon, called the Knot of Solomon, for 

 ninety -fix Voices, Rome, 163 1 ;" " Canon on four Sub- 

 jefts for twenty Voices, Rome, 1645." The firil and moft 

 curious of thefe works feemsto have been reprinted in 1655, 

 as M. Marpurg of Berlin, and feveral other mufical writers, 

 in fpeaking of it, refer to an edition of that date. But 

 P. Martini, who is in general very accurate in dates and 

 citations, mentions Valentini's firft canonical work under the 

 year 1629. Kircher gives the fubjeft, and an account of 

 tliis canon, in his Mufurgia. M. Marpurg, in a periodical 

 work called Kritiftde Biiffe, or " Critical Letters on the 

 Art of Muiic," vol. ii. 1763,410. has beftowed upwards 

 of fifty pages on this canon, and not only given it a hundred 

 different ways in notes, but explained more than two hundred 

 of the feveral contrivances ufed by Valentini in the con- 

 ftruftion of canons on the fubjeft given. 



Numerous muficians of the name of Valentini have been 

 recorded by mufical writers ; among whom Gerber gives 

 an article to a namefake of the canonift, Pietro Francefco 

 Valentini, an opera compofer at Rome in the middle of the 

 feventeenth century, who, befides Intermezzi, fet to mufic 

 feveral dramatic fables written by good poets, fuch as " La 

 Metra," a Greek fable ; " The Death of Orpheus ;" " Py- 

 thagoras finding Mufical Proportions," 1654 ; " TheTranf- 

 formation of Daphne," a moral fable. His Intermezzi were 

 the Rape of Profei-pine, and the Captivity of Mars and 

 Venus in the Net. 



Valentini, Roberto, an Englifhman, a voluminous 

 compofer for the common flute, whofe works were chiefly 

 pubhfhed by Roger, at Amfterdam. 



Valentini, Giuseppe, about the latter end of the feven- 

 teenth century, among other compofers for the violin, a doz- 

 zina, publiftied m Holland nine different works for that 

 inftrument, the feventh and laft of which were " Concerti 

 Groffi," for four violins, tenor, and two bafes ; but they 

 have been long fince configned to oblivion, without any lofs 

 to the public, or injuftice to the author. 



Valentini, Uruani, the firft foprano opera finger who 

 appeared on our ftage, arrived in England 1707, after the 

 attempts that were made at operas upon the Italian model. 



VALENTINIA, in Botany, received that appellation 

 from Dr. Swartz, in memory of two writers of the name of 

 Valentini, who have both of them contributed to the general 

 ftock of botanical information, particularly with relation to 

 the Materia Medica. Michael Bernard Valentini, profeflbr of 

 medicine at Gieffen, who died in 1729, aged72,publifhed/'ro- 

 dromus Hijloridc Naturalis Hajfix, in 1707, Viridartum reform- 

 atum, in 1719, Mujeum Miifeorum, in 1704, and Hijloria 

 fimplicium reformata, printed at different times ; befides feveral 

 difTertations, illuftrative of the natural hiftory of Sago, 

 Cloves, Nutmegs, Pepper, Cinnamon, Dates, Aloes wood, 

 &c. His fon, Chriftopher Bernard Valentini, publiftied 

 Tournefortius contraHus, being an arrangement of Tournc- 

 fort's Injlitutiones in the form of tables ; with fome other 



works Swartz Prodr. 63. Ind. Occ. 687. t. 14. Schreb. 



Gen. 801. WiUd. Sp. PI. v. 2. 344. Mart. Mill. Dift. 



v. 4 Clafs and order, 08andria Monogynia. Nat. Ord. 



uncertain. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth inferior, of One leaf, concave, 

 coloured, in five deep, obtufe, concave, fpreading, undivided 

 fegments. Cor. none, unlefs the calyx be taken for fuch. 

 Stam. Filaments eight, awl-fliaped, ercft, rather ftiortcr than 

 the calyx ; anthers roundifh. Pift. Germcn fuperior, round- 

 i(h ; ftyle one, the length of the ftamcns, tVurk, cylindrical ; 



ftigma 



