V A L 



almoft every country. Their fuperior fertility is derived 

 from a conftant fupply of frefh foil, and from natural irri- 

 gation, and a more equal temperature ; the vegetation bemg 

 (heltered and protecled from the boifterous winds that fweep 

 over extenfive plains, and the more elevated parts of the 

 globe. It has been obferved, however, that low valleys are 

 not fo favourable to the longevity of the human race as dry 

 and mountainous diftricts. 



Valley of Heroes, in Geography, a name given to the 

 delightful plains of Oujan, which are faid to produce the 

 nneft pafture in Perfia. It is fo called by the natives, from 

 having been formerly the favourite hunting park, of the 

 kings and heroes of Iran, and particularly of Bahram Gour, 

 who had feven palaces of different colours in the neighbour- 

 hood. This prince, paffionately devoted to the chace, took 

 his fn-name of Gour from the gour khur, or wild afs, with 

 which this valley abounds. In one of the roads from Per- 

 fepolis to Ifpahan there is a pafs or deiile, called Iman Zada 

 Irtmiael, two furfuugs in length, and commencing at the 

 38th mile from Perfepolis, which leads into the above- 

 mentioned plains. 



Valleys, in Building, denote the gutters over the (leepers 

 in the roof of a building. 



VALLI, in Ancient Geography, a people of Alia, upon 

 the Gordian mountains, near the Caucafian gates, which 

 were in thefe mountains, according to Pliny. 



Valli, in Botany, Juff. Gen. 267. Rheede Hort. 

 Malab. v. 7. t. 6 — 11, the name of feveral Eaft Indian 

 climbing fliruhs, which Juffieu confiders as belonging to the 

 genus ViTLs, hereafter to be defcribed 111 its proper place. 

 Kareta- Valli of the fame volume, t. 45, is referred by him 

 to the neighbouring genus Cijfus. 



Valli, in Geography, a town of Naples, in Lavora ; 12 

 railes E.S.E. of Capua. 



VALLPERE, a town of France, in the department of 

 the Creufe ; 6 miles S.W. of Aubuflon. 



VALLIES, Four, Diflria of, otherwife called The 

 Dijlria of Pignerol, a province of Piedmont, bounded on 

 the north by the marquifate of Suza, on the weft by France, 

 on the fouth by the marquifate of Saluzzo, and on the eaft 

 by Carmagnola. The four vallies are thofe of Peroufa, 

 Lucerna, St. Martin, and Angrogna. The province is 

 about 24 miles long, and from eight to eleven broad. The 

 principal towns ai-e Pinerolo, Lucerna, Peroufa, St. Martin, 

 and Feneftrelle. Thefe vallies are watered by the Clufon, 

 and feveral other fmaller rivers ; they are all furrounded 

 with mountains and Iharp rocks, in which are found white 

 hares, foxes, pheafants, partridges, wolves, and bears ; 

 and in the moft lofty of the neighbouring alps is found the 

 qiarmotte, a creature fomething larger than a rabbit, but 

 more of the nature of the badger ; the chamois ; and the 

 bouquetin, an animal fomething like a goat or chamois, but 

 more fleet than either. Among the tame animals is the 

 jumart, produced by a bull and a mare, or a bull and a Ihe- 

 afs. The vallies are fertile in pafturage, and the mountains 

 in fruit, particularly chefnuts. Thefe vallies are celebrated 

 for the cruel perfccution of the inhabitants, who were called 

 Waldenfes, on account of their religion, about the year 

 1655. But now thev enjoy in peace the worfhip they em- 

 braced, though they have a Catholic church in each parifti. 

 The number of inhabitants is reckoned at about 8000, of 

 whom 7000 are fuppofed to be Proteftants. 



VALLIS, in Ancient Geography, a town of Africa Pro- 

 pria, upon the route from Carthage to Cirta, between Sici- 

 Jibra and Coreva, according to Antonine's Itineran,'. 



Vallis Achor, Valley of Achor, a valley of Paleftine, 

 jiorth of Jericho. 



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Vallis Ajalon, Valley of Ajalon, a valley of Paleftine, 

 in the tribe of Dan, between Thammath and Bethftiemefh. 



Vallis Arlifcum, Valley of Craftfrmn, a valley of Pa- 

 leftine, in the tribe of Benjamin, near Jordan. 



Vallis Arundinis, Valley of Eiceds, a valley of Paleftine, 

 near the Dead fea. 



Vallis BenediBionis, Valley cf Blejfing, a valley of Pa- 

 leftine, in the tribe of Judah, weft of the Dead fea. 



Vallis Cariniana, a place of Pannonia, on the route from 

 Sopianae to Acincum, between Pons Sociorum and Corfium 

 or Gorgium. Anton. Itin. 



Vallis Cadaverum, Valley ofTophet, the ilaughter-houfe 

 of Jerufalem. It lay fouth of the city, in the valley of the 1 

 children of Hinnom. It is faid, that a fire was conftantly I 

 kept here for burning the carcafes, and other filth, that 

 were brought hither from the city. (Ifaiah, xxx. 33.) 

 Others think, that the name of Tophet is given to the valky 

 of Hinnom, on account of the facrifices offered there to the 

 god Moloch, by beat of drum, to drown the cries of the 

 conlum.ing children ; a drum in Hebrew being called toph. 



Vallis Domitiana, a place of Lower Moefia, upon the 

 route from Atrabium to Nicomedia. 



JVallis Gihonis, Valley of Gihon, a valley of Paleftine, 

 weft of Jerufalem, fo named from the fountain of Gihon, 

 wliofe fpring is in this place, and runs from weft to fouth. 



Vallis Emona, a town of Judea, in the tribe of Ben- 

 jamin. 



Vallis Je%reel, a valley of Paleftine, having the chain 

 of mount Hermon to the north-eaft. 



Vallis Illujlris, the lUuflrious Valley, a valley of Palef- 

 tine, near Sicnem. This was the vale or plain of Moreh. 



Vallis Montium, the Valley of Mountains, a name given 

 by the prophet Zechariah to the valleys round about Jerufa- . 

 lem, where the inhabitants of that city took ftielter, when 

 the city was befieged by the Romans. 



Vallis Rephaim, or Valley of the Giants, called in Greek 

 the Valley of the Titans, and in the Vulgate, the Valley of 

 the Giants (2 Sam. xxiii. 13.), lay near Jerufalem, and be<- 

 longed either to the tribe of Judah or that of Benjamin. 



Vallis Salinarum, the Valley of Salt or Salt-pils, generally | 

 placed in the fouthern part of Idumxa, S. of the Dead I 

 fea, but fituated, according to Calmet, in the eaftern part 

 of Idumaea, between Tadmor and Bozrah. 



Vallis Syhejlris, the Vale of Woods, a valley of Palef- 

 tine, in which were fituated the cities of Sodom and Go- 

 morrah, and where the lake Afphaltites, or the Dead fea, 

 was formed. This was called the vale of Siddim. 



Vallis Tabernaculorum, the Valley of Suscoth, or Vale of 

 Tents, lay beyond Jordan, near the city of Succoth. The 

 pfalmift puts the valley of Succoth tor the whole country 

 beyond Jordan. 



Vallis Terebinthi, called the Valley of Elah ( i Sam. ■ 

 xvii. 2.) or of the Oak, lav S. of Jerufalem, towards « 

 Sochoh and Azekah. The valley of the Terebinthus is alfo 

 a name given to the valley of Mamre, on account of the 

 terebinthus under which Abraham entertained the angels. 



VALLISNERI, Axthony, in Biography, a celebrated 

 Itahan natui-alift, was born of a good family. May 3d, 1661, 

 at the caftle of Trefilico, of which his father was governor 

 for the duke of Modena. He was firft mftrufted in the 

 rudiments of the learned languages by the Jefuits, at Mo- 

 dena, and was afterwards taught rhetoric, and the Arifto- 

 teli.-ui philofopliy, under the fame aufpices, at Reggio, 

 where he defended his thefis on that lubjeA in 1682. 

 Neverthelcfs he began, even at this period, to be diffatisficd 

 with the prevailing fyftem, whioh he called a philofophy of 

 words ; and happening to have a more liberal and enlightened 



preceptor 



