V A L 



VALONIA, in Botany. See Velania. 



VALOR Beneficiorum, mLaiu. See First-fruits. 



VALORE Mahitagii, Value of Marriage, 3. -wnt which 

 anciently lay for the lord, after having proffered fuitable 

 marriage to an infant who refufed the fame : to recover the 

 value of the marriage. See Guardian. 



VALORSINE, in Geography, a town of France, in 

 the department of the Leman ; 15 miles S.E. of Notre 

 Dame d'Abondance. 



VALOVEK, a town of European Turkey, in Mol- 

 davia; 52 miles N. of Jafly. 



VALPARAYSO, a town of Spain, in New Caftile ; 

 15 miles S. of Huete. 



Valparayso, a fea-port town of Chili, fituated on a 

 bay of the South Pacific ocean. This town was at firll very 

 mean, confifting only of a few warehoufes, built by the in- 

 habitants of St. Jago, for laying up their goods till fhipped 

 off for Callao, the harbour of Valparayfo being the neareft 

 port of that city, from which it is only 60 miles diftant. 

 The only inhabitants at that time were the few fervants left 

 by their refpeftive mafters for taking care of the ware- 

 houfes, and managing their mercantile affairs. But in pro- 

 cefs of time, the merchants themfelves, together with feve- 

 ral other families, removed from St. Jago, in order to be 

 more conveniently fituated for trade ; llnce which it has 

 gradually increafed, fo that at prefent it is both large and 

 populous ; and would be ftill larger, were it not for its in- 

 convenient fituation, (lauding fo near the foot of a moun- 

 tain, that a great part of the houfes are built on its acclivity, 

 or in its breaches. Valparayfo, befides its pari(h-church, 

 has a convent of Francifcans, and another of Auguftines ; 

 but very few religious, and the churches belonging to them 

 fmall and mean. It is inhabited by families of Spaniards, 

 and calls both of Mulattoes and Meftizos. Here is a nni- 

 litary governor nominated by the king, who having the com- 

 mand of the garrifons in the feveral ports, and of the militia 

 of the place and its dependencies, is to take care that they 

 are properly difciplined. The proximity of this port to St. 

 Jago, has drawn hither all the commerce formerly carried 

 on at that city. To this it owes its foundation, increafe, 

 and prefent profperity. All the Callao (hips which carry 

 on the commerce between the two kingdoms come hither. 

 In this port they take in wheat, tallow, cordovan-leather, 

 cordage, and dried fruits, and with thefe return to Callao ; 

 and a (hip has been known to make three voyages in one 

 fummer between November and June. Valparayfo is abun- 

 dantly fupplied with provifions from St. Jago and other places 

 in its neighbourhood. Among the feveral kinds of game 

 there is here fuch a plenty of partridges in their feafon, which 

 begins at March and lafts feveral fucceeding months, that 

 the muleteers knock them down with fticks, without going 

 out of the road, and bring great numbers of them to Val- 

 parayfo. But few of thefe or any other birds are feen near 

 the town. It is the fame with regard to fi(h, very httle 

 being to be caught either in the harbour or along the coaft, 

 in comparifon of what may be taken in the other p.irts. The 

 harbour is every where free from rocks and (hoals, except 

 to the north-eaft of the breach De los Angelos, where, about 

 a cable's length or two from the land, is a rock, which mull 

 be more carefully avoided, as it never appears above water, 

 but fometimes has not a depth fufficient for a (hip of any 

 burden to pafs over it ; 225 miles N- of Conception. S. lat. 

 33° 3'. W. long. 72° 16'. 



VALPERGA, a ttwn of France, in the department 

 of the Dora ; 1 1 miles S.S.W. of Ivrea. 



VALPERSCHWEIL, a town of Switzerland, in the 

 canton of Berne ; 10 miles N.W. of Berne. 



V A L 



VALPO. See Walfo. 



VALPUESA, a town of Spain, in Old Caftile ; 10 

 miles N.N.E. of Frias. 



- VALREAS, a town of France, in the department of 

 the Drome ; 18 miles N.N.E. of Orange. 



VALS, a town of France, in the department of the 

 Ardechc, celebrated for feveral medicinal fprings in the 

 neighbourhood ; 12 miles S.W. of Privas. • 



VALSA, in Botany, Adanfon Fam. v. 2. 9. Scop. 

 Carn. v. 2. 397, an unexplained name, ufed by thofe au- 

 thors for what is now the Sph^ria of bctanifts ; fee that 

 article. 



VALSALVA, Antom-Maria, in Biography, an emi- 

 nent anatomift, phyfician, and furgeon, was born in 1666, 

 at Imola, in Romagna. Having received the firfl elements 

 of hterature in the Jefuits' feminary, he was fent to the 

 univerfity of Bologna, and placed under the immediate tui- 

 tion of the celebrated Malpighi, and here he purfued his 

 various ftudies with an affiduity which impaired his health. 

 He graduated at Bologna in 1687, and connetling furgery 

 with phyfic, acquired high reputation. He Amplified and 

 improved furgical inftruments, banithed from Bologna the 

 cruel praftice of cauterizing the arteries after amputation, 

 and in the cure of deafnefs employed manual operations. In 

 1697 he was chofen profeffor of anatomy in the univerfity, 

 and appropriate buildings were creeled for his ufe at the 

 anatomical theatre. The fchool of Bologna acquired cele- 

 brity under his direftion, and fome of his pupils became 

 eminent in their profeflion. Of this number was Mor- 

 gagni. In advanced years Valfalva grew corpulent and 

 lethargic, and was carried off by an apopleftic ilroke in 

 February 1723, at the age of fifty-feven years; leaving a 

 widow and three daughters. His anatomical mufeum was 

 bequeathed to the Inftitute of Bologna, and his various ap- 

 paratus of chirurgical inftruments to the hofpital for incur- 

 ables. The principal of his works is a treatife " De Aure 

 Humana," reprinted at Bologna in 1704, 4to. and again 

 vffith Morgagni's Epiftles, at Venice, 1740. After his death, 

 Morgagni pubhftied three of his " Differtations" on ana- 

 tomical fubjedts, which had been read before the Inftitute. 

 This great anatomift's work •' De Sedibus et Caufis Mor- 

 borum," contains a number of diffeftiont by Valfalva. 

 Morgagni Vit. Valfalv. Haller. Gen. Biog. 



VALSECA, in Geography, a town of Spain, in Old 

 Caftile ; 1 1 miles N. of Segovia. 



VALSTAGJSIO, a town of Italy, in the Vicentin ; 18 

 miles N. of Vicentin. 



VALTANAS, a town of Spain, in the province of 

 Leon ; 15 miles E. of Valencia. 



VALTELINE, a lordfhip of Italy, at the foot of 

 the Alps ; bounded on the N. by the Grifons, on the 

 E. by the county of Bormio and the Breffan, on the S. 

 by the Bergamafco and the Milanefe, and on the W. by 

 the county of Chiavenna and the Milanefe. This coun- 

 try, which is called by the Grifons Feltlin, or Veltlein, and 

 by the inhabitants Valle TtUina, is 3 valley inclofed between 

 two chains of lofty mountains, about fifty miles in length, 

 and from eight to twenty in breadth. It is exceedingly 

 fruitful, and throughout its whole extent watered by the 

 Adda, which, after receiving all the ftreams iffuing from 

 the foreft, difcharges itfelf into the Como lake. In fome 

 parts the heat is intenfe, but in others more moderate, and 

 on the hills and the greateft part of the adjacent valleys the 

 air is moftly cool. Of tins variation in its temperature, the 

 neceifary ccifequence is a variation in the produifts of the 

 eatth. The levels in this valley, through which the Adda 

 purfues its courfe, and the breadth of which in {ome parts 

 4 D 2 is 



