VAN 



VAN 



entire ; lower dilated, two-Iobed. Stam. Filaments four ; 

 two from the didc of the lower lip, curved upwards ; two 

 from the throat, higher up ; anthers ovate, connefted in 

 pairs. Pifl. Gemien oblong ; ilyle thread-(haped, the 

 length of the ftamens ; ftigmas two, ovate, membranous, 

 reflexed. Perk. Capfule oblong, of one cell. Seeds nu- 

 merous. 



EfT. Ch. Calyx four-cleft. Corolla ringent. Two ex- 

 terior filaments from the diflc of the lip of the corolla. 

 Anthers connefted in pairs. Capfule of one cell, with 

 many feeds. 



I. V . d'iffufa. Round-leaved VandelUa. Linn. Mant. 89. 

 Willd, n. 1. " Vahl Eclog. v. 2. 47." — Leaves roundilh, 

 nearly feffile, fmooth above. — Native of the Weft Indian 

 iflands of Montferrat and Santa Cruz. Stem herbaceous, 

 fquare, crofs-branched. Leaves roundifh-ovate, bluntifh, 

 crenate, or bluntly ferrated, oppoiite, on (hort ftalks ; 

 fmooth above ; rather , hairy beneath. Flowers axillary, 

 oppofite, folitary, on fhort llalks. The habit and fize of 

 the- leaves referable Veronica ferpyUifolia. 



2. V.pratenfis. Oblong-leaved Vandellia. " Vahl Eclog. 

 T. 2. 48." Willd. n. 2. (Matourea pra'enfis ; Aubl. 

 Guian. 642. t. 2J9. Tupeigava, five Scoparia j Pif. Braf. 

 246.) — Leaves ftalked, elliptic-oblong, acute, finely downy 



on both fides Native of mciil groimd in Cayenne ; about 



the borders of meadows near the town, flowering almoft all 

 the year. It is known by the name of Wild Bafil [Bafitic 

 fauvage), and efteemed a good vulnerary. The Jiems are 

 feveral, ereft, two feet high, leafy, fquare, forked. Toung 

 branches, as well as the leaves, foft to the touch, clothed 

 with fine (hort pubefcence. Floivers blueilh, axillary, 

 moftly folitary. They are delineated in Aublet's figure 

 as having the upper lip in two lobes, the lower in three, 

 which does not agree with the Linnaean generic defcription, 

 copied above from the Mantiffa. Yet the other charafters, 

 and the habits of the plants, anfwer fo well, that we are 

 perfuaded they muft, as Schreber fufpefted, belong to one 

 genus. This opinion is confirmed by Vahl, who mentions 

 this fecond fpecies as of very frequent occurrence, by the 

 road-fides in South America, from Trinidad to Brafil. 

 The root is annual. The fame learned botanift had, no more 

 than ourfelves, any opportunity of examining the rare Van- 

 (leUia diffufa alive, nor does it appear whence LinoEus took 

 his defcription ; except poffibly from two or three very in- 

 complete dried fpecimens, which are now fcarcely fufficient 

 to aflift in forming an opinion on the fubjeCt. 



VANDEPUT, Cape, in Geography, a cape on the 

 weft coaft of North America, and eaft point of Prince Fre- 

 derick's found. N. lat. 57° 5'. E. long. 227° 12'. 

 VANDER-CABEL, in Biography. See Cabel. 

 VANDER-DOES. See Does. 

 VANDER-HELST. See Helst. 

 VANDER-HEYDEN. See Heyden. 

 VANDER-MEER. See Meer. 

 VANDER-MEULEN. See Meulen. 

 VANDER-NEER. See Neer. 



VANDERWERF, Adrian. This ingenious painter 

 was born at Ambacht, near Rotterdam, in 1659, and re- 

 ceived the principal part of his education under Eglon 

 Vander Neer. At the age of 18, he left that mafter, and 

 becoming acquainted with M. Fluik, who poffefTed an ex- 

 tenfive colleftion of drawings by Italian mafters, to which 

 he had conftant accefs, he, by this aid, and alfo by drawing 

 after cafts from antique figures, formed a ftyle of defign 

 much more elevated and pure than that of his countryman 

 and contemporaries. 



At about the age of 37, his works attrafted the notice 

 of the eleftor palatine, on his vifit into HoUand ; and he 



commiflioned him to paint for him a pifture of the Judg- 

 ment of Solomon, anji alfo his own portrait, to be preL-nted 

 to the Florentine gallery of artifts ; and he invited him to 

 bring the piftures to Duffeldorf. The following year he 

 effefted that objeft, and the eleftor was defirous of retaining 

 him in his fernce ; but to this Vanderwerf would not con- 

 fent, but engaged to devote to him fix months of the year, 

 for which he received a liberal penfion. In confequence, 

 the gallery of Duffeldorf is the theatre of Vanderwerf's 

 glory, and his piftures there are numerous ; but they arc 

 not very uncommon in this country. The character of them 

 is given by fir Jofiiua Reynolds, who, in his critical tour into 

 die Netherlands, fays, " they (the pictures by Vanderwerf 

 at DuiTeidorf) are twenty-four in number in one room, 

 three of them as large as life ; a Magdalen, whole length, 

 and two portraits. Flis pidlures, whether great or fmall, 

 certainly afford but little pleafure ; one of the principal 

 cauf?s appears to me, to be his having entertained an opinion 

 that the light of his picfture onght to be thrown folely on the 

 figures, and little or none on the ground or Iky. This 

 gives great coldnefs to the effeft, and is fo contrary to na- 

 ture, and the praftice of thofe by whofe works lie was fm- 

 rounded, that we cannot help wondering how he fell into 

 the miftake. His naked figures appear to be of a fubftance 

 much harder than flefh, though his outline is far from cut- 

 ting, or the light not united with the (bade, which are the 

 moft common caules of liardnefs ; but it appears to me, 

 that, in the prefent inllance, the hardnefs of maimer pro- 

 ceeds from tlie foftnefs and union being too general ; the 

 light being every where equally loft in the ground, or its 

 Ihadow, and thus producing the appearance of ivory or 

 plaifter, or fome other hard fubftance." There is alfo a 

 want of tranfpai"ency in his colouring, and he has con- 

 ftantly the defeft of Rembrandt, that of making his light 

 only a fingle fpot. However, to do him juftice, his figures 

 and his heads are generally well drawn, and his drapery is 

 excellent. He died in 1727, aged 68. 



He had a brother, Pcler Vanderiverf, who copied his 

 piftures, and imitated. his manner. Though he occafionally 

 painted Wftory, yet his piftures more frequently reprefent 

 domeftic fcenes ; which, though not equal to his brother's, 

 are very highly wrought, and have fometimes been miftaken 

 for his. Peter died in 1718, aged 53. 



VANDEVELDE, Adrian. This excellent painter 

 was born at Amfterdam in 1639. He difcovered, whilft 

 he was yet at fchool, a decided difpofition for painting, 

 and covered the walls of his father's houfe with Sketches 

 of all kinds of animals, drawn with an intelligence very 

 unufual at that early period of life, and which induced his 

 father to place him under the tuition of J. Wynants, 

 where he made a very extraordinary degree of progrefs. 

 Wynants taught him the praftice of drawing from nature, 

 and ftudying in the open air. It was his conftant cuf- 

 tom to pafs his days in the fields, defigning every thiag 

 effential to his purfuits ; and in this mode, infinitely more 

 variety may be obtained than the moft inventive genius can 

 fupply without it. Befides this ufeful mode of ftudy, he 

 alfo applied himfelf to dra\v from the human figure, and 

 obtained a confidcrable degree of excellence. In this refpecl 

 he very far furpaffed his mafter, who afterwards conftantly 

 employed him, as he had previoufly done Wouvermans and 

 Lir.gelback, to decorate his landfcapes with figures and 

 animals ; as aKo did Hackaert, Hobbrma, Vander-Heyden, 

 and others, thus giving an additional intereft to their ad- 

 mirable performances. 



The fcenes which Adrian Vandevelde chofe for the 

 exercife of his art are in general very confined, and feldom 

 above the ordinary appearance of common nature ; but they 



are 



