VAN 



complifhed and elegant woman, and we never heard any 

 thing more plealing than her performance. 



VAN-MALDER, concert -mafter and chamber-mufician 

 to prince Charles at Bruffels, and leader of the band at 

 that theatre ; a compofer of fpirited and pleafing fympho- 

 nies, which were long in favour at our national theatres. 

 He compofed a comic opera, "La Bagarre," 1754, for 

 the Italian theatre at Paris, and died at Bruffels in 1771. 



VANtMANDER, a painter and author, was born at 

 Meulebeke, near Courtray, in 1548, of a noble family, and 

 received an education fuited to his rank. His talents de- 

 yeloped themfelves at an early period of his hfe, and par- 

 ticularly a difpofition to painting ; and he was placed under 

 the tuition of Lucas de Heere ; afterwards he became z 

 difciple of Peter Vlerick, an hiitorical painter of fome emi- 

 nence at Courtray, and finilhed his education in art by a 

 journey to Italy, where he fludied for three years. From 

 thence, after painting feveral pictures, he went to Vienna, 

 accompanied by Spranger, whofe friendfhip he had cul- 

 tivated, and there received a preifing invitation to enter the 

 fervice of the emperor ; but love for his native country pre- 

 vailed, and thither he returned. He then experienced 

 much encouragement, and was in polTefiion of full em- 

 ployment, when the wars in the Low Countries prevented 

 his enjoyment of it. He took refuge in Haerlem, and there 

 with Goltzius founded an academy. Van-Mander united 

 with the talents of a painter that of a poet, and competed 

 tragedies and comedies, feveral of which were afted with 

 fuccefs, with decorations painted by himfdf ; and we are 

 indebted to him for a very ufeful hiilory of the painters of 

 antiquity and of his own country. He died at Amfierdam, 

 in 1606. 



VANNjEUS,Lat.,VANNEO,STEFFAN0,Ital., the name 

 of an Augufline monk, born at Ricanati, a fmall town in 

 the March of Ancona and Ecclefiaftical State, was niufic 

 direftor at Afcoli, who pubUfhed at Rome in 1553, fmall 

 folio, a moft ample treatife on mufic, in which he has in- 

 ferted all that preceding books on the fubjeft contained. 

 There is nothing that was new in this at the time of its pub- 

 lication ; but no one book then pubhfhed contains half its 

 contents. Walther has given a long lift of the divilions 

 and fubdivifions of this work, which is written in Latin, 

 and which, perhaps, is all that will ever be read by thofe 

 who may obtain pofleffion of the book, which is now be- 

 come very fcarce. 



VANNE, in Geography, a river of France, which runs 

 into the Yonne, near Sens. 



VANNEN, a fmall ifland in the North fea, on the coaft 

 of Norway. N. lat. 70° lo'. E. long. 19° 44'. 



V ANNES, a fea-port town of France, and capital of the 

 department of the Morbihan, at the union of two fmall 

 rivers, wliich form a harbour in the lake Morbihan ; before 

 the revolution, the fee of a bifhop. The principal commerce 

 is in corn, bar-iron, and fifli. It has two fuburbs, one of 

 which is farger than the town itfelf. In 1800, the royalifts, 

 under Georges, were defeated by the republicans, under 

 Brune ; 13 polls N.W. of Nantes. N. lat. 47° 39'. W. 

 long. 2° 40'. 



Vannbs, La, a town of France, in the department of 

 the Ardeche ; 6 miles S.W. of Joyeufe. 



VANNI, Fkancesco, CavaUere, in Biography, was 

 the fon of a painter of little celebrity at Vienna, who died 

 whilft he was very young, and was born in 1563. He 

 went to Rome when he was about fixteen, and entered the 

 fchool of Giovanni de Vecchi, and became an imitator of 

 Baroccio. He alfo went to Parma to draw from tlie fame 

 lount as Baroccioi, viz. the works of Corregio and Parmc- 



V A N 



giano. He was invited to Rome to affift in adorning St. 

 Peter's, and there he painted his Simon Magus, which yet, 

 though much injured, attefls his capacity. For this per- 

 formance Clement VIII. conferred upon him the order of 

 Chrift. ■ He alfo painted feveral other piftures for public 

 edifices in that city ; but his beft performances are at 

 Sienna, as his Marriage of St. Catharine, in the church of 

 II Refugio ; and S. Raimondo walking on the Sea, in the 

 Dominicans ; which is confidered the fineft work in the 

 city. He died at Sienna in 1610, at the age of forty-feven, 

 leaving a fon, Raffaelle Vanni, then only thirteen, who 

 afterwards became a painter, and imitated the works of 

 Pietro Cortona. He became a member of the academy of 

 St. Luke in 1655. 



VANNICUM Regnum, in Ancient Geography, a king- 

 dom of European Sarmatia, according to Pliny. Tacitus 

 reports that it was the kingdom of Vannius, which Drufus 

 affigned as a portion to the Suevans, when he fixed their 

 abode on the Danube, between Marus and Cufus. 



VANNING-^/joW, among Miners, an inftrument ufed 

 for waihing the ores of any metal, after being reduced to 

 powder, by which to difcover the richnefs and other qua- 

 lities of the ore. See Shoad, Tin, and Van. 



VANNUCCI, in Biography. See Andrea del Sarto, 

 and Perugino. 



VAN-OORT. See Oort. 

 VAN-OOST. See OosT. 

 VAN-ORLAY. See Orlay. 

 VAN-OSTADE. See Ostade. 



VANQUISH, a difeafe in flieep, which has often the 

 titles oi pining and daijing given to it by Ihepherds. 



It is defcribed as moft fevere among young (heep by fome, 

 and as, in a great meafure, confined to fome particular 

 diftrifts in the weftern portion of the north part of the 

 ifland, where the land is very coarfe, hard, dry, and heathery. 

 It is faid that it conftantly fixes on the beft of the flock, 

 and that although they continue to feed moft greedily, they 

 daily pine away to a mere fl<eleton. But that it is for- 

 tunately not a difeafe that is attended with great danger, 

 as on removing them to foft grafly paftures, efpecially 

 fuch as have been recently limed, they almoft immediately 

 recover, and never fail, in future, to become excellent and 

 remarkably healthy {heep : — that although, in regard to 

 the gradual wafting of the animal, this difeafe has fome re- 

 femblance to the rot in its nature and caufe, it is direSly 

 the reverfe ; — that it arifes from an excefs of moifture, is a 

 difeafe of debihty, and is charafterized by extreme thinnefs 

 of the blood ; while in this, or the vanquilh, on the contrary, 

 the condition of the animal is too high, its blood too thick, 

 and its pafture too arid, dry, and parched. 



Others, however, defcribe it in fo different a manner, that 

 it fcarcely appears to be the fame difeafe. On peat-mofs 

 lands much expofed to the north-eaft, in cold moift feafons, 

 where fheep-farmers have not the command of drier founder 

 paftures, on which the fheep can be turned in the autumn 

 and \,vinter months, the young (heep are liable to be at- 

 tacked by the vanquilh, which confumes them entirely 

 away. This malady has its feat, as is fuppofed by prac- 

 tical (hepherds, chiefly in the blood and bones : but it 

 feems, in a little time, to fpread over the whole fyftem, 

 which becomes debilitated and emaciated. Cold and moif- 

 ture are faid to aflift in bringing it on, and alfo to aggra- 

 vate the appearances ; but the principal fault muft, it is 

 believed, be in the mofly land. The mofles become the 

 earlieft common paftures for ftieep in thefe places in the 

 fpring feafon, but fome part of the food thev fupply is 

 dry, wiry, and unpalatable, and the heath lefs kindly and 



grateful 



