V E L 



VELLEIACIUM, in Ancient Geography, a town of 

 Italy, in the midfl. of the hills of Gallia Cifpadana, ^cord- 

 ing to Pliny. 



VELLEITY, Velleitas, in the School PhiloJ'ophy, is 

 ufually defined a languid, cold, and remifs will. 



Others fay, it implies an impotency of obtaining what 

 we require. Others will have it, a flight defire for fome- 

 thing, which a perfon does not efteem much, or is too indo- 

 lent to feek ; as Catus amat pifcem, fed non imlt tangere 

 lympham. 



VELLEIUS, in Biography. See Paterculus. 



VELLEKAT, in Geography, rocks in the Eaft In- 

 dian fea, about 15 miles E. from the illand of Myfol. S. 

 lat. z° i'. E. long. 131° 2'. 



VELLEPEKONDA, a town of Hindooftan, in Gol- 

 conda ; 15 miles S. of Warangole. 



VELLIA, in Ornithology, a name ufed by fome authors 

 for the laiiius minor, or lanius tertius of Aldrovand, called in 

 England the JluJLer. 



VELLIA M, in Geography, a town of Hindooftan, in 

 Coimbetore ; 16 miles S.E. of Erroad. 



VELLICA, in Ancient Geography, a town of Hifpania, 

 in the territory of the Tarragonefe. Ptolemv. 



VELLICATION, among Phyficians, the 'aft of twitch- 

 ing or ilim,ulating. The word is more particularly applied 

 to a fort of fudden convulfions that happen to the fibres of 

 the mufcles. 



VELLICULA. See Forficui.a. 



VELLIN, in Geography, a town of Pomerania ; 4 miles 

 N.N.E. of Polnow. 



VELLING, in Agriculture, a term applied to the oper- 

 ation or procefs of ploughing or cutting up and taking 

 off the turf or upper furface of fward land, in order to its 

 being burnt, or for other purpofes. It is ufually performed 

 nearly in the fame manner as baulking or wrell -baulking, 

 except that inftead of being turned over, the furrow-flice 

 is, in fome cafes, cut with its turf upwards ; and the work 

 in this procefs is in effeft the fame thing ; but as the outer 

 point of the wing of the fliare in the plough is turned up- 

 wards, there is lefs neceffity for holding it an oblique pofi- 

 tion. The plough too in executing this operation, is always 

 turned to the right upon the head-land, which is contrary 

 to that which is praftifed in fliirting, the flice or furrow be- 

 ing tHrned towards the ploughed inftead of the unploughed 

 land. In veiling, the plough is thrown fo far into the land 

 from the line of draught, as to enable the ploughman to 

 carry with eafe about twice as much land as is difplaced 

 by the ploughed flice, which is pared very thin and even, 

 and on the land fide not cut fo deep as in the operation 

 of fliirting, but gradually lifted and turned neatly on its 

 green fide upon the baulk, left on the right-hand or fur- 

 row fide of the plough. This manner of ploughing, in 

 contradiftinftion to fplitting, is called, in fome dillrifts, ga- 

 thering of the land ; and the day-work five or fix roods. 

 See Splitting. 



In cafes where the furrow-flice is not turned, it is in 

 fome places drawn out with fmall hooks, by the labour of 

 women and boys, or harrowed, and then raked together in 

 heaps, and burned. This is a mode of veiling which is com- 

 monly adopted in cafes where there is not time to permit 

 the turf or fod to rot, as is the cafe in other methods of 

 praftice. See Paring and Burning, and Turning to Rot. 



VELLO, in Geography, a town of Italy, in tiie Vero- 

 nefe ; 10 miles N. of Verona. 



VELLON, in Commerce, a kind of money, in which ac- 

 counts are kept in many parts of Spain. The real vellon 



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is the moft general money of account : it confifts of 8^ 

 quartos, 17 ochavos, or 34 maravedis vellon. Madrid, 

 and all Caftile, with moft of the adjacent provinces, and 

 alfo Bilboa, Malaga, and Gallicia, keep accounts in reals 

 and maravedis vellon. See Maravedi and Real. 



VELLOUL, in Geography, a town of Hindooftan, in 

 Guzerat, on the coaft ; 9 miles W.N.W. of Puttan 

 Sumnaut. 



VELLUM. See Velom. 



Vellum, in Geography, a town of Hindooftan, in the 

 Carnatic ; 5 miles S.W. of Tanjore. N. lat. 10° 43'. E. 

 long. 79'' 7'. 



VELLY, Paul-Francis, in Biography, was born near 

 Fifmes, in Cliampagne, in 171 i. Quitting the fociety of 

 Jefuits after having belonged to it for about eleven years, 

 he devoted himfelf to iiiftorical refearches. His chief work 

 was his " Hiftoire de France," in 8 vols., written in an eafy 

 and correft ftyle, and pofteffing the charafter of candour 

 and truth. He is charged, however, with too often attack- 

 ing the privileges of the clergy, and with having borrowed 

 freely from Voltaire's Effay on General Hiftory, and with hav- 

 ing been mifled in fome inftances by adopting his fentiments. 

 This hiftory, which he terminated with Charles le Bel, was 

 continued to the i6th volume by Villaret. He alfo pub- 

 hlhed a tranflation of Swift's " Hiftory of John Bull." 

 He was virtuous and amiable, and of a very cheerful difpo- 

 fition. His death happened in 1759. 



VELMES, in Geography, a town of France, in the de- 

 partment of the Dordogne ; 15 miles S.W. of Mucidan. 



VELOCE, Ital., in Mujic, fwift ; Velociffimo, fuperl. 

 very fwift. 



VELOCITY, in Mechanics, fiviftnefs ; that aft'edion of 

 motion, by which a moveable is difpofed to run over a cer- 

 tain fpace in a certain time. 



It is alfo called celerity, and is always proportional to the 

 fpace moved. 



Huygens, Leibnitz, BernouiUi, Wolfius, and the foreign 

 mathematicians hold, that the momenta, or forces, of faUing 

 bodies, at the end of their falls, are as the fquares of their 

 velocities into the quantity of matter : the Englifti mathe- 

 maticians, on the contrary, maintain them to be as the 

 velocities themfelves into the quantity of matter. See 

 Motion. 



Velocity is conceived either as ahjolute or relative : the 

 velocity we have hitherto confidered is fimple or ahjolute, 

 with refpeft to a certain fpace moved in a certain time. 

 Relative or refpeBive velocity, is that with which two 

 diftant bodies approach each other, and come to meet in a 

 longer or lefs time ; whether only one of them moves 

 towards the other at reft, or whether they both move ; 

 which may happen two ways, either by two bodies natu- 

 rally approaching each other in the fame right hue, or by 

 two bodies moving the fame way in the fame line, only the 

 foremoft flower than the other : for, by this means, this 

 will overtake that ; and as they come to meet in a greater 

 or lefs time, the relative velocity will be greater or lefs. 

 Thus, if two bodies come nearer each other by two feet in 

 one fecond of time, their refpeftive velocity is double that 

 of two others, which only approach one foot in the fame 

 time. 



Velocity is alfo uniform or equal, when a moving body 

 palfes through equal fpaces in equal times ; or unequal, 

 when in equal times it pafles through unequal fpaces ; in 

 which cafe it is either accelerated ax retarded; and this acce- 

 leration, or retardation, may alfo be equal or unequal. See 

 Acceleration and Motion. 



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