VERBENA. 



village doftrefles, whether they aim at notoriety or lucre ; 

 and a perfon named Morley once vsrote a pamphlet, recom- 

 mending the root, to be worn as a charm, in fcrophulous 

 diforders, but, as Mr. Curtis remarks, he accompanied it 

 with powerful medicines. — Linn. Gen. 14. Schreb. 20. 

 WiUd. Sp. PI. V. I. 115. Mart. Mill. Dift. v. 4. Ait. 

 Hort. Kew. V. 4. 38. Brown Prodr. Nov. HoU. v. i. 

 514. Sm. Fl. Brit. 608. Prodr. Fl. Grxc. Sibth. v. i. 

 401. Puiih 415. Jufl". 109. Tourn. t. 94. Lamarck 

 lUuftr. t. 17. Gafrtn. t. 66. (Blairia; Gsertn. t. 56. 

 Zappania; Scop. Infubr. v. i. 34. Brown Prodr. Nov. 

 HoU. V.I. 514. Purfh 417. Lam. Illuftr. t. 17.) — 

 Clafs and order, Didynamia Gymnofpsrmia- (D. Angio- 

 fpermia ; Brown in Ait. Hort. Kew.) Nat. Ord. Per- 

 fonaU, Linn. Vitices, Jufl". Gen. Verbenacex, JuiT. in 

 Ann. du Muf. v. 7. 63. Brown. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth inferior, of one leaf, angular, 

 tubular, linear, with five teeth, one of which is fmaller than 

 the reft, permanent. Cor. of one petal, unequal ; tube cy- 

 lindrical, ftraight, the length of the calyx, foon dilated and 

 incurved ; limb fpreading, cloven half way down into five, 

 more or lefs unequal, rounded fegments. Stam. Filaments 

 four, fetaceous, very (hort, inferted into the tube of the 

 corolla, and concealing within it, two of them ftiorter than 

 the relt ; anthers oblong, incurved. Ptfl' Germen fuperior, 

 quadrangular ; ftyle fimple, thread-fhaped, ftiorter than the 

 tube ; ftigma obtufe. Perk, fcarcely any, except an 

 evanefcent membranous tunic, the calyx containing the 

 feeds, which are either four, or only two, oblong, parallel, 

 ereft, ftraight at the inner edge, gibbous at the outer. 



Efl". Ch. Corolla funnel-ftiaped, rather unequal, curved. 

 Calyx witli five teeth. Seeds two or four, with a mem- 

 branous evanefcent tunic. 



Obf. We have concurred with many other botanifls, in 

 feparating from this genus the diandrous fpecies ; which 

 moreover have only four teeth to their calyx, and never more 

 than two feeds. (See Stachytarpheta.) But it does 

 not feem neceffary to retain alfo Zappania, diftinguiflied 

 by its two feeds, and more denfe infiorefcence, which is as 

 truly fpicate as in acknowledged Verbent. 



1. V. mexicana. Mexican Vervain. Linn. Sp. PL 28. 

 Willd. n. 6. Ait. n. I. (V. mexicana, trachelii folio, 

 fruftu aparines; Dill. Elth. 407. t. 302.) — Leaves ovate, 

 acute, harfti. Spikes lax. Calyx of the fruit reflexed, 

 hifpid, of two round lobes. Seeds two. — Native of Mexico. 

 Cultivated in Sherard's garden in 1726. A ftove plant, 

 flowering in fummer. Stem herbaceous, two or three feet 

 high, fquare, leafy, rough and furrowed, branched in the 

 upper part. Leaves oppofite, on ftiort ftalks, ftrongly fer- 

 rated like thofe of a common nettle, rough with minute 

 rigid briftles. Spikes terminal, ftalked, ereft, long and 

 (lender ; lax and interrupted in the lower part. Flowers 

 very numerous, fmall, pale purple. The calyx when in 

 fruit becomes ftalked, recurved, tumid, and is at all times 

 hoary with briftly hairs. We are not certain that this 

 fpecies has always four ■perieAJlamens. Two of the anthers 

 are moft vifible in the mouth of the tube. 



2. V. JloechadifoUa. Oval-fpiked Vervain. Linn. Sp. 

 PI. 27. Willd. n. 7. Ait. n. 2. (V. n. 4; Browne 

 Jam. 1 1 6. t. 3. f. I. Lavandula frutefcens, foliis latioribus 

 crenatis; Plum. Ic. 154. t. 162. f. i.) — Spikes denfe, 

 imbricated, ovato-cylindrical. Leaves lanceolate, wavy, 

 toothed, clothed with deprelfed hairs ; hoary beneath. 



Stem ftirubby Native of the Weft Indies. Stem fpreading 



five or fix feet, woody, but not lafting above two or three 

 years. The leaves are ftalked, two or two and a half 

 inches long, acute, reticulated with veins, flat, not plaited, 



as the erroneous engraving, after Plumier's drawing, is 

 made to exprefs, but vs'avy at the margin, with fmall acute 

 teeth ; the upper furface is covered with rigid deprelTed 

 briftles ; the under with fofter hairs. Spikes hairy, an inch 

 long, about thrice the length of their ftalks. Of the 

 Jlamcns, feeds, or colour of the flowers, we are ignorant. 



3. V. globijlora. Round-headed Vervain. L'Herit. 

 Stirp. 23. t. 12. Willd. n. 8. (Nepeta maxima,' flore 

 albo, fpica habitiori ; Sloane Jam. v. i. 173. t. 108. f. I.) 

 — Spikes denfe, imbricated, roundi(h-ovate. Leaves ovate, 



crenate, rugofe, downy. Stem ftirubby, ereft Native 



of South America ; perhaps, as L'Heritier thought, of 

 Buenos Ayres. We have from thence a fpecimen fome- 

 what like it, but fmaller in every part, polTibly becaufe it is 

 a wild one. L'Heritier's plant was cultivated at Paris, 

 being z Jhrub of humble growth, of a ftrong difagreeable 

 odour. The leaves are fliorter and more ovate than in the 

 laft, differing alfo from that fpecies in being finely and 

 clofely crenate, not wavy or toothed. The fpthes alfo are 

 much fliorter, nearly globofe. Flowers white. Stamens 

 four, all perfeft. Seeds two. 



4. V. javanica. Java Vervain. Burm. Ind. 12. t. 6. 

 f. 2. Willd. n. 9. (Zappania javanica; Poiret in Lam. 

 Dift. V. 8. 840.) — Spikes denfe, imbricated, cylindrical. 



Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, crenate, finely downy Native 



of Java. Stem afcending, roundilh, clothed, like the reft 

 of the plant, with fine, (hort, clofe hairs. Leaves an inch 

 and a half long, acute at each end. Flowers in (hort cy- 

 lindrical fpikes, on axillary, often oppofite, ftalks, the 

 length of the leaves. Linnaeus fufpefted this not to be 

 different from V. Jlachadifolia, but they are very unlike 

 in the margin of their leaves, as well as in general ap- 

 pearance. 



J. V. nodiflora. Knot-flowered Vervain. Linn. Sp. 

 PI. 28. Willd. n. 10. Ait. n. 3. Bauh. Prodr. 125. 

 Burm. Ind. 12. t. 6. f. i. Sm. Fl. Graec. Sibth. t. 553, 

 unpubhflied. (Zappania nodiflora; Brown Prodr. Nov. 

 Holl. v. I. 514. Purfti 417. Poiret in Lam. Dift. v. 8. 

 839.) — Spikes denfe, imbricated, ovate. Leaves wedge- 

 (haped, toothed. Stem creeping. — Native of the fouth of 

 Europe, Levant, Eaft and Weft Indies, and North Ame- 

 rica, in watery fituations, flowering at various feafons. 

 The root is fibrous, perennial. Stems herbaceous, trailing 

 and creeping to a great extent. Leaves an inch or inch 

 and half long, fomewhat fpatulate, fmooth ; entire at the 

 bafe. Flowers light purple, with dark-red braBeas. Calyx 

 fomewhat two-lipped. Seeds two. 



6. V. honarienjis. Clufter-flowered Vervain. Linn. Sp. 

 PI. 28. Willd. n. n. Ait. n. 5. Poiret in Lam. n. 1 3. 

 (V. bonarienfis altiflima, lavandulae canarienfis fpica multi- 

 plici ; Dill. Elth. 406. t. 300.) — Spikes aggregate, tufted, 

 level-topped. Leaves lanceolate, felTde, cTafping the ftem. 

 — Native of Buenos Ayres, from whence it came into She- 

 rard's garden ; and is ftill feen in fome curious colleftions, 

 being a hardy biennial plant, flowering throughout autumn. 

 The Jlem is often fix feet liigh, fquare, rough, clothed with 

 long, harfln, coarfely ferrated leaves, and terminating in co- 

 pious tufts of blue flowers, made up of (hort fpikes, on 

 very long, oppofite, panicled ftalks. Seeds four, linear, 

 ftriated, curioufly rough on the inner fide. 



7. V. rugofa. Rugofe Vervain. Willd. Enirm. 633. 

 Purfli n. 8. (V. anguftifolia ; Michaux Boreal.-Amer. 

 v. 2. 14. Ait. n. 7. Poiret in Lam. n. 11.) — Spikes 

 thread-(haped, folitary, terminal or axillary. Leaves lanceo- 

 late, fparingly ferrated, furrowed vA'Ca veins ; tapering at 



the bafe In dry foil, by road-(ides, particularly on lime- 



ftone, from Pennsylvania to Tennaffee, flowering from June 



5 E 2 to 



