VERBENA. 



\e Auguft. Perennial. Not above a foot high. Flowers 

 fine blue. Purjb. 



8. V. clavata. Whorled Vervain. " Fl. Peruv. v. i. 

 21. t. 33. f. B." Poiret in Lam. n. 15. — Flowers in um- 

 bellate heads. UppermoR anthers clnb-fhaped at the back. 

 Leaves whorled, wedge-fliaped, undivided or lobed. — Native 

 of Peru, in fandy fituations, flowering in Auguft and Sep- 

 tember. The Jlems are numerous, ereft, much branched, 

 hoary ; naked below. Leaves five or fix in each whorl ; 

 fome entire, linear -lanceolate, revolute ; others divided or 

 three-cleft, hardly an inch long, moderately downy, a little 

 fringed. Flowers terminal, feflile, collefted into a head in 

 the form of an umbel, each with one or two linear, oblong, 

 downy, fringed bradeas. Corolla purplifh-red. Stamens 

 four. Anthers heart-fhaped, furmounted by a fmall club- 

 fhaped appendage. Seeits four. Poiret. 



9. V. hifpida. Brirtly Vervain. " Fl. Peruv. v. i. 22. 

 t. 34. f. A." Poiret in Lam. n. 16 — " Spikes ternate, 

 cylindrical. Leave-s ovate or oblong, undivided or fome- 

 what three-cleft, deeply ferrated, half-embracing the Hem." 

 — Native of Peru, in dry chalky ground, flowering in 

 March and April. The Jlems are numerous, herbaceous, 

 fpreading, hifpid, a foot high, branched, quadrangular. 

 Leaves oppofite, fometimes ternate, feffile, contrafted, and 

 in a manner decurrent, at the bafe, wrinkled, ftrongly 

 veined, hifpid, with deep, tooth-like, often unequal, fer- 

 ratures ; their length two or three inches, breadth one inch. 

 Floiuers much crowded, in terminal, ftalked fpikes, gene- 

 rally three upon each branch, thick, cylindrical, two or 

 three inches l»ng, the lateral ones much ftiorter. Bradeas 

 folitary to each flower, half-lanceolate, fringed. Calyx 

 purplifh. Tube of the corolla purple ; limb pale blue. 

 Stamens four. Seeds four. Poiret. 



10. V. hajlata. Halberd -leaved Vervain. Linn. Sp. 

 PL 29. Willd. n. 12. Ait. n. 6. Purfh n. 4. (V. al- 

 tiflima americana, fpica multiplici, urticK foliis anguftis, 

 floribus cseruleis ; Herm. Parad. 242, with a plate.) — 

 Spikes panicled, linear, acute. Leaves lanceolate, pointed, 

 deeply and doubly ferrated ; lower ones haftate, or pinna- 

 tifid. — By road-fides in wet fituations, and on the banks of 

 rivsrs, from Canada to Carolina, perennial, flowering in 

 July and Auguft. From two to five feet high. Flowers 

 purple, fometimes white. Purjli. The leaves are three 

 inches, or more, in length, rough to the touch, like a fine 

 hie. Spikes two inches long, becoming longer, and lax, 

 after flowering. 



11. V. triphylla. Lemon-fcented Vervain. L'Herit. 

 Stirp. 21. t. II. Willd. n. 13. Ait. n. 4. Curt. Mag. 

 t. 367. (Zappania citrodora ; Poiret in Lam. Dift. v. 8. 

 845.) — Spikes panicled. Leaves lanceolate, minutely and 

 diftantly toothed, three in a whorl. Stem ftirubby — Native 

 of Chili, where it was found by the unfortunate Dombey, 

 (fee that article,) and introduced into the gardens of 

 Europe. In Italy, Spain, and the fouth of France, this 

 valuable flirub is quite naturalized, and its delightfully 

 fcented leaves, having the flavour of lemon, are ufeful in 

 fevers, and other inflammatory diforders, being taken as tea, 

 like balm, hyflbp, &c. With us it is a hardy greenhoufe 

 plant, flowering in fummer. Tiie leaves are of a light 

 bright green, roughifti, two inches long, apparently entire to 

 a flight obferver, foon drying, and fragrant for a long time 

 afterwards if rubbed. Flowers fmall, pale lilac, in aggre- 

 gate, panicled, loofe, terminal fpikes. The fpecific name 

 of this plant is not well chofen, fo many Peruvian and Chili 

 (hrubs having three leaves in a whorl. Ortega, who 

 thought it a new genus, called it Aloyfta citrodora, and the 

 French f'etain the latter appellation, as if citrea would not 



far more elegantly expreCs their meaning. But who fliafl 

 weed the rank wildernefs of recent botanic names ? in which 

 the venerable fabric raifed by Linnaus is almoft hidden, like 

 the temples at Paellum, before they were cleared. 



12. V. virgata. Wand-like Verbena. " Fl. Peruv. 

 v. I. 20. t. 32. f. B." (Zappania virgata ; Poiret in 

 Lam. Didl. v. 8. 845.) — " Spikes axillary, ternate, flender. 

 Flowers whorled. Leaves ovate, acute, crenate." — Native 

 of the extenfive forefts of Peru, flowering in Auguft and 

 September. A branching Jhrub, ten or twelve feet high, 

 with a very agreeable fcent. Leaves ftalked, oppofite, 

 fpreading, three or four inches long, an inch and a half 

 broad ; rough on the upper fide ; veiny, wrinkled and 

 downy beneath. Spiles generally three from the bofom of 

 each leaf, compofing a fpreading panicle. Calyx downy. 

 Corolla white. Seeds two. Poiret. 



13. V. lappulacea. Bur Vervain. Linn. Sp. PI. 28. 

 Willd. n. 14. Swartz Obf. 16. Jacq. Obf. fafc. i. 37. 

 t. 24. ( Scorodonia floribus fpicatis purpurafcentibus pen- 

 tapetaloideis, femine unico majori echinato ; Sloane Jam. 

 v. I. 174. t. no. f. I.) — Clufters folitary, lax, fimple. 

 Calyx of the fruit inflated, roundifli. Seeds oblong, tuber- 

 culated. Leaves ovate, acute, fliarply ferrated. — Native 

 of wafte ground and ftony places, in the Weft Indies. The 



Jlems are herbaceous, two or three feet high, branched, 

 leafy, fquare, fmooth, hollow. Leaves ftalked, two inches 

 long, flightly briftly. Clujlers from the forks of the ftem, 

 long, weak, and flender, of numerous, diftant, little, pale- 

 blue jlowers, on ftiort partial ftalks. Calyx downy ; as the 

 fruit ripens becoming globofe, inclofing the four hard feeds, 

 which are clofely combined, befet externally with four thick 

 fpines. Dr. Swartz, in his Flora Ind. Occ. 1090, points 

 out the affinity of this fpecies to his own genus Ghinia, 

 (fee that article,) founded on Verbena curajfavica of Lin.- 

 naeus. The fruit of Ghinia, however, is a drupa, with a 

 nut of four cells. 



14. V. Forjkalzi. Arabian Vervain. Vahl Symb. 

 v. 3. 6. Willd. n. 15. (Phryma; Forfk. Fl. Arab. Fel. 

 n. 372.) — Clufters terminal, fimple. Calyx cf the fruit 

 roundifli, beaked, reflexed. Seeds rounded, corrugated. 

 Leaves ovate-oblong, acute, bluntly ferrated. — Found by 

 ForflcaM in Aralaia Felix. Very nearly akin to the laft, 

 but more robuft and ereft, with rougher, more deeply fer- 

 rated, leaves. Seeds not oblong and fpinous, but roundifli 

 and toothed, inflexed at the points. Vahl. 



15. V . caroUniana. Carohna Vervain. Linn. Sp. PI. 29. 

 Willd. n. 16. Ait. n. 8. Purfli n. 9. (V. carolinenfis, 

 meliflae folio, afpero ; Dill. Elth. 407. t. 301.) — Spikes 

 aggregate, lax and flender. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, 

 acute at each end, ferrated, nearly feflile ; rough above ; 

 fomewhat downy beneath. — In dry fandy fields, from Caro- 

 lina to Georgia, perennial, flowering in June jnd July. 

 Purfh. Herb ere<ft, branched, fomewhat hairy. Leaves 

 harlh, with minute briftly tubercles, on the upper fide, an 

 inch and a half or two inches long, unequally, not deeply, 

 ferrated. Flowers pale red, very fmaU. Calyx briftly, 

 twice the length of the minute, ovate, pointed bradeas. 

 Seeds four, oblong. 



16. V. urticifolia. Nettle -leaved Vervain. Linn. Sp. 

 PI. 29. Willd. n. 17. Ait. n. 9. Purfli n. 6. (V. 

 folio urticse anguftiore ; Rivin. Monop. Irr. t. 57. V. refta 

 canadenfis ; Morif. feft. 11. t. 25. f. 3. V. peregrina, 

 foliis urticas ; Dodart Mem. 627. t. 35.) — Spikes aggre- 

 gate, lax and flender. Leaves ovate, acute, ferrated, 

 ftalked, hairy on both fides About road-fides and culti- 

 vated grounds, from New England to Carolina, perennial, 

 flowering from June to September. Floiuerj very fmall, 



white. 



