V E R 



3. Thi Anapitjlk Dlmrter HypercataleH'ic contains two ana- 

 paeftic feet, with an additional (hort fyllable ; as. 



In the cave | of the moun-|-tain. 



4. The Anapsjlk Trimeter Acataha'tc contains three ana- 

 paeftjc feet ; as, 



d ye woods, fpread your branches apace ; 



To your deepeft recefles I fly ; 

 I would hide with the beafts of the chafe 



I would vanilh from every eye. 



5. The Anaptcjlic Tetrameter Acatakak confifts of four 

 anapaeftic feet ; as. 



May I govern my pafsions with abfolute fway ; 

 And grow wifer and better as hfe wears away.— Pope. 



6. The Anaptfik Tetrameter HypercataUak adds to the 

 end of the laft verfe a fhort fyllable ; as, 



On the t5p | of that hill | fee the fun | now afcend-l-ing. 



Of the Cafura. 

 The fame advantages refult from a fuitable and appro- 

 priate ufe of the caefura in Englifli verfe, as in that of the 

 French and Italian, which we liave juft noticed. What is 

 peculiar to this paufe amongft us may be briefly comprifed 

 under the following particulars. 



1 . In iieroic verfe the caefura may take place on the fourth 

 fyllable ; as. 



Child of the fun", refulgent fummer comes. 



2. Or on the fifth fyllable ; as, 



He comes attended" by the fultry hours. 



3. Or on the fixth fyllable ; as, 



But ftiould he hide his face", th' aftonifh'd fun. 



4. Or, two caefuras may divide a verfe into three por- 

 tions ; as. 



Some love to ftray"; there lodg'd", amus'd and fed. 



5. Some lines admirably admit that fubdivifion of the 

 caefural paufe, which may be called a demi cafura ; as. 



Glows' while he reads", but trembles' as he writes. 

 Rides' in the whirlwind" and directs' the ftorm. 



Warms' in the fun" refreflies' in the breeze, 

 Glows' in the ftars" and bloflbms' in the trees ; 

 Lives' through all life" extends' through all extent. 

 Spreads' undivided', operates' unfpent. 



As we have now treated minutely on every point effential 

 to Hebrew, Greek, Latin, French and Italian verfification, 

 our readers will permit us, in accommodation to the limits 

 of our work, to refer them, for further information on 

 Englifli verfification, to what has been faid at the article 

 Ode, Epigram, Sonnet, Sec. in other parts of this work. 



VERSIO Chemica, a term ufed by chemical writers to 

 exprefs a change, wrought by their art, of manifeft forms 

 into occult ones, which, they fay, is done by a corruption 

 of the fpecific form, and the generation of a more general 

 one ; that is, by a converfion of decompounded elements 

 into compound bodies, and of impure into fuch as are per- 

 feflly pure. 



VERSION, a tranflation of fome book, or writing, out 

 of one language into another. 



V E R 



The chief objefts v»hich ought to be regarded by every 

 tranllator, and more efpecially by a tranllator of facred 

 fcripture, are the following : -viz. to give a juft and clear 

 reprefentation of the fenfe of his original ; to convey into his 

 verfion as much of his author's fpirit and manner as the 

 genius of the language, in which he writes, will admit ; 

 and, as far as may be confiftent with thefe two ends, to ex- 

 prefs himfelf with purity in the language of the verfion. 



The ancient verfions of the New Teftament, in particular, 

 have been jufl;ly confidered as affording an important evi- 

 dence of its antiquity, and prefumptively of its authenticity. 

 Some of thefe are fuppofed to have been made fo early as the 

 firft century ; fuch as the Syriac, and feveral Latin verfions, 

 the latter of which, abounding in Hebraifms and Syriafms 

 even in a greater degree than the original, were manifeftly 

 made by native Jews, and rauft have been produftions of the 

 firft century. A book, therefore, fo early and univerfally 

 read throughout the Eaft in the Syriac, and throughout 

 Europe and Africa in the Latin tranflation, muft be able to 

 lay claim to a high antiquity. To the ftrange and trivial 

 hypothefis, that the New Teftament was forged in the fifth 

 century, after the conqueft of Italy by the Goths, the 

 Gothic verfion of Ulphilas, which was made in the pre- 

 ceding century, will ferve for a fufBcient anfwer. For an 

 account of the Anglo-Saxon, Arabk, Armenian, Coptk or 

 Egyptian, Ethlopic, and Gothk verfions, fee Bible.. See 

 alio Armenian and Cophtic. 



Version of Aqulla. See Aquila and Hexapla. 

 Versions, Creek. See Septuagint, and Greek Bibles. 

 Version', Italic, called by St. Jerom the common and 

 vulgar, and by Gregory the Great the ancient, was made in 

 Italy, and for the fervice of the Latin Chriftians. As it 

 was ufed in the church till the fixth century, there are 

 feveral fragments of it extant in the quotations of thofe 

 Latin fathers, who wrote before that time. As this verfion 

 continued, partly from the influence of cuftom, partly from 

 refpedl to antiquity, to be regarded and ufed by many, 

 there is reafon to believe that a part of that verfion ftill re- 

 mains in the Vulgate, and is in a manner blended with it. 

 (See Vulgate.) From what remains of the old Italic, it 

 appears to have refembled almoft all the Jewifli tranflations, 

 and to have been verj- literal, and confequently, in a great de- 

 gree, obfcure, ambiguous, and barbarous. Dr. Mills fuppofes, 

 that this verfion was the work of feveral perfons in the fe- 

 cond century, by order of pope Pius I., who was an Italian. 

 This learned writer, in his " Prolegomena," has given an 

 account of the qualities of this verfion ; and how far it may 

 be of ufe for difcovering the true reading of the original 

 Greek. St. Jerom, in his tranflation, has deviated from 

 this verfion without fufficient reafon. 



Version, Latin, includes not only the Italic, (fee the 

 preceding article,) but other verfions made before and fince 

 the time of Jerom, as well as that which he corrected and 

 publiflied. (See Vulgate.) It appears from the tefti- 

 mony of Auguftin (De Doftrina Chriftiana, lib. ii. c. 11.), 

 that the Latin church had a great number of tranflations of 

 the bible, that they were made at the firft introduftion of 

 Chriftieuiity, but that the authors are totally unknown. 

 Some of thefe Latin verfions were probably written later 

 than the firft ages of Chriftianity. The ftyle of thefe an- 

 cient verfions, ftill perceivable in the Vulgate, though 

 amended by Jerom, is not only devoid of clafiical elegance, 

 but inaccurate and impure. Falfe Latin frequently occurs, 

 and fuch as no native Roman could have written. Errors of 

 this kind, and a too fervile attention to the idiom of the 

 Greek, betray a tranflator, who was neither a native Italian, 

 nor had learned the language by the rules of grammar. 



At 



