V I A 



it was equally ancient. As to its antiquity, Strabo fay* 

 that it was made at tlie fame time witli the Tlaminian way, 

 and Palladio ranks it among tlie three moil renowned and moll 

 excellent, viz. Fia Appia, Via Flaniui'ia, and Via JEmilia. 

 This latter extended from Ariminium to Bononia, and thence 

 to Aquileia, a diftance, according to Antonine's Itinerary, 

 of 485 miles, and according to the table of Peutinger of 

 527 miles. The poet Martial, fpeaking of this famous way, 

 and of one of the cities which he found upon it, (lib. iii- 

 ep. 4.) fays, 



" Romam vade, liber, fi veneris und^ requiret, 

 iEmilise dicas de regione vise, 

 Siquibus in terris, qua fimus in urbe rogabit, 

 Corneli referas me licet efTe fero." 



The fecond branch of the Flaminian way is that called 

 Cafllan. It commenced at pons Milvius (or Ponte Mole), 

 built upon the Tiber, two miles from Rome. From thence 

 it took its direftion by the town of Sutri. 



The third branch, which detached itfelf from the Flami- 

 nian way, was the Claudian way, of which Ovid (1. i. de 

 Ponto) fays, 



" Nee quo3 pomiferis pofitos in collibus hortos 

 Speftat Flaminise Claudia junfta vise." 



According to the Itinerary, the diftance from Lucca to 

 Rome was 2^9 miles, and according to the chart of Peu- 

 tingcr 145 miles. 



Belldes thcfe, the Annienne, Auguftan, Cimine, Ame- 

 nienne, Sempronian, and Pofthumian, commencing at dif- 

 ferent parts of the Flaminian way, extended themfelvcs acrofs 

 the diflerent regions of Italy, between the city of Rome and 

 the Po. Of all thefe ways, that called the Annienne is 

 known by an ancient infcription found in the ruins of the 

 town of Axuma. The Cimine way was between a mountain 

 and the lake of its name near Viterbo. Virgil thus fpeaks 

 of it, [Mn. vii.) 



" Cimini cum montc Lucum, Lucofque Capenos." 



Tlie Amenienne way took its name from the town of 

 Amelia, near Spolelo. The Sempronian way had its name 

 from tlie tov/n of Forum Sempronii, whence it extended as 

 far as Fulginia or Fulcinium in Umbria. The Pollhumian 

 palTed into Gaul, called by the Romans Togata ; and 

 Tacitus thus fpeaks of it : " Sifterc tertiam legionem in 

 ipfo viae Poilhumix aggere tubet." 



The Via Salaria commenced at the Colline gate, and ex- 

 tended towards the N. acrofs the country of the Sabines, re- 

 ceiving the Nomentane way at the villagcofHercelum, eigh- 

 teen miles from Rome, on the bank of the Tiber. Its route, 

 indicated by the Itinerary from Eretum to Hadria, was 

 166 miles, and according to Pcutinger's tabic 168 miles. 

 Near this way were built the temples of Ericina and Venus 

 Verticordia, and alfo feveral magnificent tombs. From the 

 Via Salaria branched out two other ways, wz. the Quinftian 

 and the Junian. 



The Nomctilant way took its origin at the Viminal gate, 

 and extended N.E. as far as Nomentum, a town of the 

 Sabincs, in ancient Latium. Ovid thus fpeaks of it, (Faft. 

 I. iv.) 



" Hxc mihi Nomento Romam cum luce redircm 

 Obftitit in media CaudidaTurba via." 



Two miles from the city, on the Nomentane wav, was a 

 temple of Bacchus, which afterwards became the tomb of 

 the family of the Conftantincs. On this way were alfo 

 ioveral temples and fepulchrc». 



V 1 A 



It has been faid by fomc authors, that the Porta Tibur- 

 tina and the Porta Gabinia or Gabiofa were tiie fame, and 

 alfo the Via I'lburlina and Via Gabinia or Gabiofa. Others 

 have maintained that they were different, ilfuing from 

 the fame gate ; the Gabiana being more to the call than 

 the Tiburtina ; the former taking its courfe to the right, 

 towards the Prameftine way, and the latter to the left, 

 towards the N.E., pafling by delightful places near the 

 Tiber. From the Efquihne gate proceeded the two 

 grand roads, called Pryneftina and Lavicana. The Pra;- 

 neftine, according to Bergier, commenced at Rome, not far 

 from the Forum ; and at Anagnia, joined the Via Latina. 

 The Lavicana alfo commenced in Rome ; and having palTcd 

 between two aquedufts, joined the Latin way at Anagnia. 

 Strabo does not condutl the Lavicana fo far ; and the 

 table of Peutinger terminates it at Lanuvivim, twenty-nine 

 miles from Anagnia. The Via Latina commenced at the 

 gate of this name, and proceeded between the VV. and the 

 S. to join the grand Appian way, nineteen miles from Ca- 

 pua The Appian, Latin, and Valerian ways were the 

 moft confiderable in Latium : the Valerian way, upon Icav- 

 iivg Rome, proceeded towards the left, the Appian towards 

 the right, and tlie Latin way between the two. We may 

 here obferve, that there were two ways under the name of 

 Valerian, the ancient and the new. The Itinerary men- 

 tions one, and Strabo the other. The Latin way was called 

 by the ancients the Aufonian way ; accordingly Martial 

 has given it thefe two names. On this way was found the 

 temple of female Fortune, with her ftatue, which married 

 women only were allowed to touch without committing 

 facrilegc. Of the Appian way we have given a brief ac- 

 count under that article : and for a farther account of other 

 ways, we refer to the preceding part of this article ; our 

 linnts allowing of no farther enlargement. The Romans 

 extended their ways through the whole extent of their 

 empire, and it would fill a volume to trace them in Europe, 

 Alia, and Africa. The Itinerary of Antonine, and the 

 table of Peutinger, will afford the curious in this refcarch 

 great afTiflance. For an account of the Roman roads in 

 Britain, fee Way. 



In connexion with the Roman roads, it may not be im- 

 proper to enumerate, as briefly as poffible, the gates of 

 Rome. When Rome was founded, it comprehended only 

 mount Palatine and the neighbouring valley, where was the 

 Forum ; and it had only three gates. When the Sabines 

 were admitted by Romulus into a participation of the free- 

 dom of the city, it was enlarged, and the Capitol inclofed ; 

 and for admilTion on the fide of the Capitol, a fourth gate 

 was added. The firfl gate had the name of porta Mutionis, 

 from the bellowings of the horned bealls which were fent 

 through it to the adjoining paftures ; the next called Romuhi, 

 from the name of the city ; and the third Janualu, from the 

 god Janus, who inhabited this quarter. Tlic fourth had 

 tiie name of porta Carmcntalis, from Carmenta, wife of 

 Evander, who had his abode in that quarter, at the foot of 

 the Capitol : which laft gate is mentioned by Solinus, Plu- 

 tarch (Life of Camillus), and Virgil (iEneid. viii.) In 

 fiibfequent ages Rome was feveral times enlarged, and it 

 became necelfary to conftrud new gates ; the four firft fcrv- 

 ing merely for tiie fortrefs and the inclofurc of the city. 

 Numa, the i^ucceffor of Romulus, added to the city a part 

 of the Quirinal mount ; and as the inhabitants multiplied, 

 TuUus Hoflilius joined to it mount Ccclius ; Ancus Mar- 

 tius, the Janiculiim ; Servius TuUius, the red of the Qui- 

 rinal and the Viminalis. A long time afterwards, Sylla, 

 Julius Cxfar, Auguilus, and Tiberius, enlarged tlic coiii- 

 paJ's of the city, fo as to include a variety of magnificent 

 S 2 edifices. 



