V I A. 



^ 1 A 



cl tompofition, llicre were feveral muliciaiis during tlic 

 feventeenth century, who, from an ambition to excel in 

 fuch difficult undertakings, feeni to have devoted as great a 

 portion of their Hves to thefe labours as holy men ever 

 did to fevere afts of piety and devotion, in order to be 

 canonized. 



Tliough the learned and elaborate ftyle in which both the 

 mufic of the church and chamber continued to be cultivated 

 at this period, till near the middle of the feventeenth 

 century ; yet a revolution in favour of melody and cxpreflion 

 was preparing, even in facred mufic, by the fuccefs of 

 dramatic compofition, confiding of recitation and melodies 

 for a fiiigle voice, which now began to be preferred to 

 mufic of many parts, in which canons, fugues, and full 

 harmony, were the produftions which chiefly employed the 

 mailer's ftudy and hearer's attention. And this rendered 

 the art of accompaniment or thorough-bafe more necefTary. 

 See Chords, Accompaniment, and TuoRovcH-Bafe. 



VlADANA, in Geography, a town of Italy, in the depart- 

 ment of the Mincio, on the Po ; 23 miles S.S.W. of 

 Mantua. 



VIADUS, or ViADRUS, in /Indent Geography, a river of 

 Germany, which had its fource in Suevia, and difcharged 

 itfelf into the Siievian fea, or Codanus Sinus. This river is 

 called GuUallus by Pliny. 



VI.^E Prim.e, the firft paflages ; a technical term for 

 the ftomach and intedincs. 



In this fenfe we fay, an obftruftion in the primx vis. 

 Purging and emetic medicines operate chiefly on the primi 

 vix. And fudorifics, alteratives, cardiacs, &c. fufpend their 

 action till after they have palTed the primae vice. 



VIAL, or Phial, a fmall and thin glafs bottle. See 



PlIIAL. 



VI ALA du Tarn, I,e, in Geography, a town of France, 

 in the department of the Aveiron, near the Tarn ; 9 miles 

 S.W. of Milhaud. 



VIALES, in Mythology, a name given, among the 

 Romans, to the gods who had the care and guard of the 

 roads and highways. Such were Mercury and Hercules. 



The Dii Viales, according to Labco, were of the number 

 of thofe gods called Dii Animales ; who were fuppofed to 

 be the fouls of men, changed into gods : thefe were of two 

 kinds ; ii;z. the Viales and Penates. 



The Viales were the fame with thofe olhervvife called 

 I^ares ; at lead, fome of the Lares were denominated 

 Viales; viz. fuch of them as had the more immediate 

 fupcrintcndency of the roads. 



Hence the two names are fometimes joined, and thofe 

 liighway-deities are called Lares Viales ; witncfs that in- 

 fcription in Grutcr : 



KORTUNAE 



REDUCI LARI 



VIAI.I KOMAE 



AETEKNAE 



Q. AXIUS AELIA 



NUS — VE. PBGC. 



AUG. 



lONI 



VIAMON, in Geography, a town of Brafil, in the jurif- 

 diftion of Rio de Janeiro. 



VIANA, in Ancient Geography, the name of a town of 

 Norica. Pliny. 



ViANA, in Geography, a mountain of Portugal, in ihc pro- 

 vince of Alentejo ; 3 milts S. of Evora — Alfo, a town of 

 Portugal, in the province of Alcnlcjo ; i 2 miles S. of Evora. 

 — Alfo, a town of Spain, in Galicia ; 30 miles E.S.E. of 



Ofniff — Alio, a town of Spain, in Navarre, on the tbro; 

 16 miles S.W. of Eflella. 



VlANA de Fox de Lima, a fea-port of Portugal, in the 

 province of Entre Ducro e Minho, fituated on the N. fide 

 of the IJma, near its mouth, containing two parifhcs, an 

 hofpital, fcven convents, abd about 7000 inhabitants ; the 

 harbour ie choaked up, and only capable of receiving fmall 

 veffels ; 9 miles W.S.W. of Ponte de Lima. N. lat. 

 41=41'. W. long. 8° 26'. 



VIANDEN, or Wyanden, a town of France, in the 

 department of the Foreds, late the duchy of Luxemburg, 

 called by the Germans Vyenthal, fituated on the river 

 Uren, which divides it into New and Old Town, in the 

 midd of rocks and mountains. In the Old Town is a 

 caflle, fituated on a rock of prodigious height, where a 

 garrilon was kept. Vianden is a very ancient and illuftrious 

 comtc, which comprehends forty villages and hamlets, that 

 belonged to the houfe of Nafi'au. The inhabitants carry on 

 a confiderable trade in manufafturing cloth and the tanning 

 of leather ; i 8 miles N.N.E. of Luxemburg. 



UJANDINSKOE Yasaschnoe, a town of Ruflla, in 

 the government of Irkutfli, on the Indigirda ; 148 miles 

 N.N.E. of Zaftiverflf. N. lat. 68^ 40'. E. long. 132° 14'. 



VIANEN, or Vyanen, a town of Holland, fituated on 

 the S. fide of the Leek ; 7 miles S. of Utretch. 



VIANINA, a town of the duchy of Piacenza ; 20 

 miles S. of Piacenza. 



VIANO, a town of the duchy of Piacenza ; 13 miles 

 S. of Piacenza. 



VIANOS, a town of Spain, in New Caftile ; 3 miles 

 S. of Alcaraz. 



VIAREDEN, a town of Brandenburg, in the Ucker 

 Mark ; i mile N. of Schwedt. 



VIAS, a town of France, in the department of the 

 Herault ; 6 miles N.W. of Agde. 



VIASDUM, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of 

 Rawa ; 16 miles W. of Rawa. 



VIAST. See Viest. 



VIATICUM, among the ancient Romans, was the 

 allowance or appointment which the republic gave to fuch 

 of its officers as were fent into the provinces to exercife any 

 office, or to perform any fervice or commiffion ; as alfo to 

 the officers of the army, and even the foldiers, &c. 



Tacitus makes mention of it, Annal. lib. i. c. 37. 

 Viaticum am'uorum, ipf,tifque C<rfaris ; meaning the appoint- 

 ments which the repubhc paid to Germanicus and his 

 officers. 



This viaticum, however, did not coi.fid altogether in 

 money : the ring given to the magidrates and officers fent 

 into the provinces was part of it ; fo were the clothes, 

 baggage, tents, and the red of the equipage. 



Some have alfo given the name of viaticum to the piece 

 of gold, filver, or copper, which the ancients ufed to 

 put into the mouths of the dead, to pay Charon for their 

 pafTage. 



Id the Romiih church, viaticum is dill the allowance 

 made a religious, to defray the expences of a journey, 

 miffion, &c. 



ViAi ici'M is alfo ufcd for the communion, or eucharift, 

 which is given to the people in the pangs of death, or who 

 are about to make the voyage of the other world. 



The viaticum is not to be given to pcrfons executed in 

 courfc of iiifticc. 



VIATKA, in Geography, a town of Riiffia, and capital 

 of, the govcninicnt of Viatlkoe: the environs of this city 

 abound in cxcfUont paUure tor (luop, of which great 

 numbers were fent hither fiom Geimany, and a woollen 



manu- 



