V I B 



V I 13 



one another a fufficient number of times, get facli a power 

 over the correfponding ideas, that any one of the fenfations, 

 when imprefled alone, fliall be able to excite h the mind the 

 ideas of the reft : and any vibrations, by being affociated to- 

 gether a fufficient number of times, get fuch a power over the 

 eorrefponding miniature vibrations, that any of thofe vibra- 

 tions, when impreffed alone, fhall be able to excite the minia- 

 ture of the reft. Hence he argues, that fimple ideas will run 

 into complex ones, by means of alTociation, and that when 

 this is the cafe, we are to fuppofe, that the miniature vibra- 

 tions correfponding to thofe fimple ideas run, in like manner, 

 into a complex miniature vibration, correfponding to the re- 

 fulting complex idea ; fome of which complex vibrations, at- 

 tending upon complex ideas, may be as vivid as any of the 

 fenfory vibrations excited by the direft adlion of objeAs. 

 See Association and Mental Pnrr.osopHY. 



Dr. Hartley alfo applies the do&rine of vibrations to 

 the explication of mufcular motion, which, he thinks, is per- 

 formed in the fame general manner as fenfation, and the per- 

 ception of ideas. For a particular account of his theory, 

 and the manner in which it is largely illuftrated, and the ar- 

 guments by which it is fupported, we muft refer to his Ob- 

 lervations on Man, vol. i. paflim. 



The feveral forts and rays of light fir Ifaac Newton con- 

 ceives to make vibrations in the ether of feveral magnitudes 

 or velocities ; which, according to thofe magnitudes or ve- 

 locities, excite fenfations of feveral colours ; much after the 

 fame manner as vibrations of air, according to their feveral 

 magnitudes or velocities, excite fenfations of feveral founds. 

 See Colour and Sound. 



Heat, according to the fame author, is only an accident 

 of light, occafioned by the rays putting a fine, a fubtile, 

 ethereal medium, which pervades all bodies, into a vibrative 

 motion, which gives us that fenfation. See jEtiier and 

 Heat. 



From the vibrations or pulfes of the fame medium, he ac- 

 counts for the alternate fits of eafy refiedtion and eafy tranf- 

 miffion of th; rays. See Reflection and Undulation. 

 See alio Light. 



In the Philofophical TranfaAious, it is obferved that the 

 butterfly, into which the filk-worm is transformed, makes 

 one hundred and thirty vibrations, or motions of its wings, in 

 one coition. 



VIBRATIUNCLES. See Vibrations, /«/>ra. 



VIBRATO, in Geography, a river of Naples, which 

 runs into the Adriatic, 2 nules N.N.E. of Giulia Nova. 



VIBRISSjE, a word ufcd by medical writers to exprefs 

 the hairs in the noftrils. 



VIBURNUM, in Botany, reckoned by Linnseus, Phil. 

 Bot. 174, among the Latin names whofe origin cannot be 

 afcertained, is traced by Vaillant, Ainfworth, and Martyn 

 to the verb meo, to bind ; which is perfectly confiftent with 

 Virgil's expreflion of I'nta viiurna, but does not decide the 

 old doubt, whether the poet meant our Viburnum, or any 

 ftirub of the willow or ofier kind. Matthiolus has led mo- 

 dern botanifts to apply this name to the genus before us, one 

 of whofe fpecies, V. Lantana, he conceives to be Virgil's 

 plant, on account of its great pliability and humble flexible 

 growth, well contrafted with the tall and upright cyprefs. 

 — Linn. Gen. 147. Schreb. 197. Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. 

 i486. Mart. Mill. Dia. v. 4. Sm. Fl. Brit. 334. Prodr. 

 Fl. Graec. Sibth. v. i. 206. Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 2. 166. 

 Purfti 201. Juff. 213. Tourn. t. 377. Lamarck lUuftr. 

 t. 211. Gaertn. t. 27. (Opulus ; Tourn. t. 376. Tinus ; 

 Tourn. t. 377.) — Clafs and order, Pentandria Trigynia. 

 Nat. Ord. Dumofa, Linn. CaprifoUa, Juff. 



Gen. Ch. Cat. Perianth fuperior, very fmall, in five 



deep permanent fegments. Cor. of one petal, bell-fhaped, 

 cut half way down into five obtufe, reflexed or fpreading 

 fegments. Stam. Filaments five, awl-fhaped, the length of 

 the corolla ; anthers roundifti. Plfl. Germen inferior, round- 

 i(h, crowned with a turbinate gland ; ftyles fcarcely any ; 

 ftigmas three. Peric. Berry roundifli, of one cell. Seed 

 folitary, roundifti, bony. 



Eft. Ch. Calyx fuperior, deeply five-cleft. Corolla in 

 five fegments. Berry with a folitary feed. 



Viburnum is technically diftinguiftied from Sambucus, 

 (fee that article,) by having one feed inftead of three. The 

 Jlem is flirubby, fcarcely arborefcent, witli tough and pliant 

 branches. Leaves fimple, oppofite, ftalked, moftly ellip- 

 tical, undivided, except in the Opulus of Tournefort and its 

 neareft allies. Flowers generally terminal, cymofe, copious, 

 whitifh. Berry red, blue, or black ; in fome cafes eatable. 

 The plants are hardy, natives of Europe, America, or 

 Japan. 



1. V. Tinus. Common Laurus-Tinus. Linn. Sp. PI. 

 383. Willd. n. I. Ait. n. i. Curt. Mag. t. 38. (Tinus, 

 n, I, 2, and 3 ; Cluf. Hift. v. i. 49. Laurus Tinus ; Ger. 

 Em. 1409.) — Leaves ovate, entire; their veins furniftied 

 with axillary tufts of hair underneath. Cymes fmooth. — 

 Native of Spain, Portugal, and Italy, efpecially about the 

 coafts of the Mediterranean. In our gardens it is a valuable 

 evergreen, thriving belt near the fea, feldom injured, except 

 by very hard and laftir.g frofts, which fometimes deftroy it i 

 nearly to the root. In a pure air it flowers all winter long, 

 even when partially covered with fnow ; but in clofe or 

 fmoky fituations, the plant is eafily killed, and never blof- 

 foms. The berries are feldom perfefted but in a green- 

 houle. At Vienna this fhrub, like the Prunus Lauro-cerafus , 



IS always treated as a greenhoufe plant. We have lately feen 

 what is now become the Englifti name, affeftedly accented 

 Lauiitflinus. But it is a compound word, meaning Laurus, 

 which is called Tinus ; and Ovid teaches us that the firft fyl- 

 lable of Tinus is long ; fee that article. The fpecies be- 

 fore us is very buftiy, fpreading widely, feldom above five 

 feet high ; the twigs fmooth, dark red ; angular when 

 young. Leaves two or three inches long, acute, veiny ; 

 dark fiiining green above ; paler beneath, with glandular 

 hairs at the origin of each large vein. Flowers tinged with 

 red. Berries blue, like burnt fteel, very beautiful. The 

 leaves are occafionally more or lefs hairy, whence Clufius 

 and Alton diftinguifh three or four varieties. 



2. V. tinoidcs. Mexican Laurus-Tinus. Linn. Suppl. 

 184. Willd. n. 2. — Leaves elliptical, entire; the origin of 

 their veins flightly hairy underneath. Cymes and young 

 branches hairy. — Sent by Mutis from Mexico. Like the 

 preceding, but the leaves have (horterfoo/Jlalts, and are ellip- 

 tical rather than ovate ; the young branches, and all the 



Jloiver-Jlalks, are clothed with briftly hairs. 



3. V. villofum. Downy Jamaica Viburnum. Swartz 

 Ind. Occ. 564. Wilid. n. 3 — Leaves ovate, acute, entire ; 

 hoary and downy beneath. — Gathered by Maffon and Swartz 

 on hills in the fouthern part of Jamaica, flowering in au- 

 tumn. A Jhrub about fix or eight feet high, with a grey 

 bark. The young branches, like the fooijlcdh, cymes, and 

 backs of the leaves, are clothed with foft, ftarry, hoary pu- 

 befcence, particles of which are alfo fcattered over the green 

 upper furface of each leaf. Flowers white. 



4. V. fcandens. Chmbing Viburnum. Linn. Suppl. 

 184. Willd. n. 4. (V. virens ; Thunb. Jap. 123.) — Stem 

 twining. Leaves lanceolate, ferrated. Cymes lax. Styles 

 twice as long as the calyx. Outer flowers radiant. — Native 

 of Japan. A flender chmbing^ra3, with ftiort, leafy, op- 

 pofite brandies. Leaves two inches long, ihin, tapering at 



each 



