V I B 



V J C 



flowers come out in a large corvmb, are very white, and 

 being all neuters, are barren : from their extreme white- 

 r;ef5, and rivelling out into a globular form, iome country 

 people^ have given this fhrub the name c£ fnoiu-ball tree. It 

 is alfo fometiraes called elder rofe, and roje elder. 



In the feventh fort there are varieties Avith deciduous and 

 evergreen leaves. 



The eighth fort has a woody ftalk ten or twelve feet 

 liigh, and is commonly called llaei ha'w in North America. 



The ninth has the ftalks foft, pithy, and branching, with 

 white flowers. 



There are varieties v^ith the leaves fmooth on both fides, 

 and with the leaves downy underneath, and drawn out to a 

 point. 



In the tenth fort there are feveral varieties ; as the fmaller 

 hairy-leaved, in which the umbels (cymes) of flowers are 

 iraaller, and appear in autumn, continuing all the winter. 

 The plants are much hardier than in the original fort. 



The fhining-leaved, in which the ftalks rife higher, and 

 the branches are much llronger : the bark is fmoother, and 

 turns of a purphfh colour : the leaves are larger, of a thicker 

 confiftence, and of a lucid green colour : the umbels (cymes) 

 are much larger, and fo are the flowers ; thefe feldom 

 appear till the fpring, and when the winters are fliarp, the 

 flowers are killed, and never open unlefs they are iheltered. 



There is a fub-variety of this with variegated leaves, with 

 gold-ftriped and filver-ftriped ; in which the branches are 

 warted, the younger ones four-cornered ; the leaves oppofite, 

 ovate, on fhort petioles, rigid, fhining, perennial ; ilie younger 

 ones hirfute, with fhort ferruginous villofe hairs ; flowers in 

 crowded cymes, with little brafteas between them : the co- 

 rolla white ; and the berries, when ripe, blue. 



The common, with narrower leaves, hairy only on the 

 edge and veins underneath : the fruit fmaller. 



And the upright lauruftinus. 



Method of Culture. — Thefe plants may fome of them be 

 increafed by feeds, moft of them by layers, many by cut- 

 tings, and a few by fuckers. 



The feeds in the deciduous kinds (hould be fown in the 

 autumn or fpring in beds of hght fine mould, being well 

 covered in. The plants appear in the firft or fecond year ; 

 aud when they are of a twelvemonth's growth, they fhculd 

 be planted out in nurfery rows, to be continued till of proper 

 growth to plant out in the fhrubberies or other parts of plea- 

 fure grouTids, as from two to five feet. 



In the lauruftinus kinds, the feeds, after being mixed with 

 mould in the autumn, foon after they become ripe, and ex- 

 pofed to the air and rain in the winter, Ihould in the fprinp- 

 be foAvn on a gentle hot-bed, or in pots plunged into it ; the 

 plants being continued in the bed till the autumn, when they 

 fliouid be removed and managed as in the layer method. 

 The plants raifed in this way are faid to be hardier than 

 thofe raifed from layers. 



The firft fort is tedious in being raifed from feeds. 



In the layer, which is the moft expeditious mode of raifing 

 moft of thefe plants, the young lower branches ftiould be laid 

 down in the autumn or fpring, being pegged down in the ufual 

 manner in the earth, when they moftly become well rooted 

 in a twelvemonth, and may then be taken off and planted 

 out where tliey are to remain, or in the nurfery ; and fome- 

 times, in fome of the kinds, a few are put in pots. 



The beft feafon for removing the tenth fort is in the 

 early autumn, that they may be well rooted before the 

 winter fets in. 



The firft fort fucceeds beft by layers put down in the au- 

 tumn ; and the ftriped variety may be increafed by budding 

 >t upon the plain fort. 



The cuttings may be made in the autumn from the ftrong 

 young flioots being planted in a moift border in rows, when 

 ill the following fummer many of them will be rooted, ano 

 form httle plants. Moft of the deciduous forts may be 

 railed in this way. 



The fuckers (hould be taken up in the autumn or fpring 

 with root -fibres, and be planted out in nurfery rows to have 

 a proper growth. The guelder-rofe may be readily in- 

 creafed in this way, and fometimes the lauruftinus. 



The fourth fort is rather tender in winter while in its 

 young growth, as well as the Cxth, and (hould have protec- 

 tion in that feafon. A plant or two (hould be conftantly 

 laid in pots under (helter. This laft fort is eafily increafed 

 by layers. 



Thefe plants afford much variety and effeft in (hrubbery 

 and other parts of pleafure-grounds, when planted out in a 

 mixed order. The evergreen fort are often ufed to cover 

 difagreeable objefts. The flowering evergreens are likewife 

 often fet out in pots. They are fometimes trained to a 

 fingle Hem, to the height of one or two feet, being encou- 

 raged to branch out into a clofe bufhy round head. They 

 (hould all moftly be permitted to take on their own natural 

 growths, except the occafional retrenching of their lower 

 ftraggling branches, and pruning the long (hoots from their 

 heads. 



ViBURNUM-Ga//j, in Natural Htjlory, the name of a fpe- 

 cies of galls, or fmall protuberances, frequently found on 

 the leaves of the viburnum. Thefe are cf a very Angular 

 nature, and feem to be compofed of a different fubftance 

 from that of the leaf. They appear in form of brown cir- 

 cular fpots, of which there are fometimes forty or more en 

 one leaf: they are about the fifteenth of an inch in diame- 

 ter, and rife a little above the furface of the leaf, as well on 

 the under as the upper fide ; each of them has alfo a fmall 

 prominence in the centre, on each fide of the leaf, looking 

 like a nipple ftanding on the breaft. 



Tiiefe are found in great plenty in the months cf Jane, 

 July, and Auguft, and, when opened, each contains one 

 infefi, which is a fmall wo.m of a white colour, with fix 

 legs, and two hcoks of a brown colour at the head. 



M. Reaumur found that thefe worms became, in fine, 

 a very fmall fpecies of beetle. They were of a cinnamon 

 colour, and had conic and granulated antenni of a beautiful 

 figure. Reaumur's Hift. Infeifts, vol. vi. p. 209. 



VIC, in Geography, a town of France, and feat of a tri- 

 bunal, in the department of the Meurte ; 15 miles E. of 

 Nancy. — Alfo, a town of France, in the department of 

 the Vienne, on the Gartempe ; 18 miles N. of Mont- 

 morillon. 



Vic, or Ficq, a town of France, in the department of 

 the Indre ; 18 miles N. of Chateauroux. 



Vic. See Vique. 



Vic Bigorre, a town of France, and principal place of a 

 diftrift, in the department of the Upper Pyrenees ; 18 miles 

 E. of Pau. N. lat. 43° 2j'. E. long. 8'. 



Vic en Carladez, or Vic fur la Cere, a town of France, 

 in the department of the Cantal, fituated at the foot of the 

 Cantal, with a medicinal fpring; 21 miles W.S.W. of 

 St. Flour. 



Vic le Comie, a town of France, in the department of 

 the Puy de Dome. Abo'it half a league from the town is 

 a medicinal fpring ; 6 miles S.W. of Bdlom. 



Vic Deffhs, a town of France, in the department of the 

 Arriege ; 6 miles S.W. of Tarafcon. 



Vic Fezen/ac, a town of France, in the department of 

 the Gers ; 12 miles S. of Condom. 



VICAR, ViCARius, a perfon appointed as deputy of 



another. 



