V I c 



VIC 



the vicar was given to the biftiop, probably to induce his 

 confent : as appeareth from divers inftances. 



There were no vicarages at common law ; or, in other 

 words, no tithes or profits of any kind do Jejtire belong to 

 the vicar, but by endowment or prefcription ; which cannot 

 be prefumed, but muft be (hewn on the part of the vicar. 

 For which reafon, the payment of tithes to the parfon is 

 prima facie a difcharge againft the vicar. Gibf. 719. Palm. 

 113. Yelv. 86. 4 Mod. 184. 



The firft endowment of the vicars cannot be prefcribed 

 againft by the parfon. Which original endowments there- 

 fore being of fuch authority as no time can deftroy ; and 

 fuch caufes between parfon and vicar as relate to them, or 

 depend on them, being alfo cognizable in the fpiritual 

 court : it were much to be wiftied, fays Dr. Gibfon, for 

 the fake of the poor vicars, that diligent fearch were made 

 after them in the ecclefiaftical offices, and other rcpofitories 

 of records ; in order to bring to light as many as can pof- 

 fibly be found. Efpecially, fince it hath been alfo adjudged, 

 that if a vicar hath ufed time out of mind, or for a long 

 time, to take particular tithes or profits, he ftiall not lofe 

 them, becaufe the original endowment is produced and they 

 are not there : but inafmuch as every bithop had an indif- 

 putable right to augment vicarages as there was occafion, 

 and this, whether fuch right was referved in the endowment 

 or not ; the law will prefume, that this addition was made 

 by way of augmentation. Gibf. 720. 



The lofs of the original endowment is fupplied by pre- 

 fcription ; that is, if the vicar hath enjoyed this or that par- 

 ticular tithe by conftant ufage, the law will prefume that he 

 was legally endowed with it ; by the fame reafon that it 

 prefumes fome tithes might be added, by way of augment- 

 ation, which were not in the original endowment. Gibf- 

 720. 2 Keb. 729. Hardr. 328. 



It is faid that all compofitions for the endowments of 

 vicarages (hall be expounded by the judges of the common 

 law ; and if the fpiritual court meddle with that matter, 

 they are to be prohibited. Watf. c. 39. Lit. Rep. 263. 



But where the difpute is between reftor and vicar, being 

 both fpiritual perfons, it feemeth that the proper cognizance 

 of the caufe belongeth to the ecclefiaftical judge. 2 Brovsml. 

 36. See, however, Moore, 457. 



But the courts of equity frequently determine upon the 

 interpretation of endowments. 



The canonifts mention four fpecies of Wears : fome per- 

 petual ; others, appointed for a certain time, and on fome fpe- 

 cial occafion, called mercenarii : others, called fpedalcs, ap- 

 pointed not for the whole cure, but for fome certafn place, 

 article, or aft : others, generahi, neither perpetual, nor ap- 

 pointed for any certain aft, but for all things in the general. 



V WAR-General was a title given by Henry VIII. to 

 Thomas Cromwell, earl of Eftex ; with full power to 

 overfee the clergy, and regulate all matters relating to 

 church-aff^airs. 



ViCAR-General is now the title of an office, which, as 

 well as that of official principal, are united in the chan- 

 cellor of the diocefe. The proper work of an official is to 

 hear caufes between party and party, concerning wills, le- 

 gacies, marriages, and the like ; which are matters of tem- 

 poral cognizance, but liave been granted to the ecclefiaftical 

 courts by the conceffious of princes : whereas that of a vicar- 

 general is the exercife and adminiftration of jurifdiftion 

 purely fpiritual, by the authority and under the direftion of 

 the bilhop, as vifitation, correftion of manners, granting in- 

 ftitutions, and the like, with a general infpeftion of men and 

 things, in order to the prefervation of difciphne and good 

 government in the church. Thefe two offices have been 



ordinarily granted together ; but Dr. Gibfon wifhea they 

 might be ftill kept feparate ; the office of vicar-general to 

 be veiled in the hands of fome grave and prudent clergy- 

 man, ufually refident within the diocefe ; and that of offi- 

 cial (as being converfant about temporal matters) in the 

 hands of a layman, well iliiiled in the civil law. 



VICARDI, the name of an office in the ifiand of Candia. 

 The word is probably a corruption c ■'' the Latin •utcarii. 

 The vicardi is the governor of a village, and is fometimes 

 the parifh prieft ; liis office is to levy the public taxes, and 

 to fend offenders to the cadic. This office is always ap- 

 pointed yearly. Pococke's Egypt, vol. ii. part ii. p. 12. 



VICARELLO, in Geo^rapliy, a town of the Popedom, in 

 the Patrimonio, near the lake of Bracciano, celebrated for 

 its baths ; 3 miles N.W. of Bracciano. 



VICARIO deliberando occafione cujiifdam recognttionii, Sec. 

 in Law, an ancient writ that lies for a fpiritual perfon 

 imprifoned. 



VICARO, in Geography, a town of Naples, in Capita- 

 nata ; 9 miles S.E. of Volturara. 



V^ICE, ViTiuM, in Ethics, is ordinarily defined an elec- 

 tive habit, deviating either in excefs, or defeft, from the juft 

 medium in which virtue is placed. 



It is called a habit, to dillinguilh it from Jin, which is 

 only an aft : hence, ajtn is looked upon as fomething tran- 

 fient ; and a "vice, as fomething permanent. 



In the common ufe of the terms vice and fin, there is no 

 ground for this fubtle diftinftion. Vice, as oppofed to vir- 

 tue, IS better defined the difagreem.ent of the aftions of any 

 intelligent being with the nature, circumftances, and relation 

 of things ; hence called the moral unfitnefs of fuch aftions. 

 See Virtue. 



Some authors diftinguilh three ftates of vice : the firft in- 

 continentia, of incontinence, in which a perfon fees and ap- 

 proves the good, but is hurried to evil by the violence of 

 his paffions. The fecond intemperantiit, of intemperance ; 

 in which even the judgment is depraved and perverted ; the 

 tliird feritatis, of obduracy ; in which the perfon is totally 

 immerfed in vice, without any fenfe or feeling of it. 



The ftate of incontinency is confidered as infirmity, in 

 which the perfon feels the (harped itings of confcience : 

 that of intemperance, as malice, in wliich the remorfe is not 

 fo lively. In that of obduracy there is none. 



Vice, in Smithery, and other arts employed in metals, 

 is a machine, or inftrument, ferving to hold faft any thing 

 they are at work upon, whether it be to be filed, bent, or 

 rivetted, &c. 



The parts of the vice are, ihtface, or plane, which is its 

 uppermoft part ; the chaps, which are cut with a baftard-cut, 

 and well tempered ; the fcrew-pin, cut with a fquare, ftrong 

 worm ; the nut, or fcreiu-iox, which has a fquare worm, and 

 is brafed into the round box ; the fpring, which throws the 

 chaps open ; and the foot, on which the whole is mounted. 



Vice, Hand, is a fmaU kind of vice, ferving to hold the 

 lefs works in, that require often turning about. 



Of this there are two kinds, the broad chapt hand-vice, 

 which is that commonly ufed ; and the fquare-nofed hand- 

 vice, feldom ufed but for fifing fmall round work. 



Vice is alfo a machine ufed by the glaziers, to turn, or 

 draw lead into flat rods, with grooves on each fide, proper 

 to receive the edges of the glafs. 



This machine confifts of two iron chaps, or cheeks, joined 

 with two crofs iron pieces. In the fpace between the chaps 

 are two fteel wheels, and their fpindles, or axes, pafted 

 through the middle, each of which has its nut or pinion with 

 teeth, that catch into each other ; and to the lowcft is fitted 

 a handle, by which the machine is turned. 



There 



