VIENNA. 



churches or chapels, and twenty-one convents. The chief 

 edifices are the mctropohtan church of St. Stephen, the im- 

 perial palace, hbraryand arfenal, tlie houfe of aflembly for the 

 States of Lower Auftria, the council-houfe, the univerfity, 

 and feme monafteries. The metropolitan church is a dark 

 Gothic building, richly adorned on the outfide with fculp- 

 ture, and within with thirty-eight altars, moftly of beautiful 

 marble ; a great number of relics, jewels, &c. and an ancient 

 vault, in which the archdukes are interred. Here is a mau- 

 foleum of Frederic III. which coll 40,000 ducats, and a 

 monument in honour of prince Eugene of Savoy. Near it 

 is a palace of the archbiftiop. In a chapel belonging to 

 the Capuchins, the princes of the royal family are buried, 

 without pomp, with hardly their names over their tombs. 

 The univerfity of Vienna was inftituted in the year 1365, 

 fiom a college founded about a century before, and is divided 

 into four faculties and four nations, Auftrian, Saxon, Hun- 

 garian, and Rhenirti. It has been much improved fince the 

 year 1752. The books in the library are not very numerous ; 

 it is open two or three hours morning and afternoon. Tlie 

 imperial library contains about 5000 or 6000 volumes, printed 

 in the 15th century, rare manufcripts, and a very extenfivc 

 and valuable collection of prints, and is well furnilhed with 

 ufeful modern books. It is open three or four hours every 

 morning to the public. The imperial cabinet is very 

 rich in medals, and ftill more fo in natural hillory. The 

 Academy of Arts is divided into feven clalfes, each of 

 which has its own profefTor. A tafte for mufic is like- 

 wife very general : and the theatre at Vienna has been 

 liberally encouraged. It mull be acknowledged, however, 

 tliat liberty does not flourilh liere. It ie faid that the hft 

 of prohibited books is fcarcely exceeded by that of the Index 

 Expurgatorius at Rome. Neverthelefs it has an univerfity, 

 as we have already mentioned, and fome confiderable fchools, 

 principally with a view to commerce. Education needs or 

 demands greater encouragement. The people are in gene- 

 ral honed, and fimple in their manners. Their ruling pro- 

 penfity is that for luxurious living, both as to food and drink. 

 The women are handfome, and mild in their manners. They 

 love drels, and are addifted to luxury. Mufic is the principal 

 objeft of their attention. The Augarten and the Prater are 

 the principal promenades. The police of Vienna is fo well 

 condudted, that the llreets are remarkably quiet and orderly, 

 fo that as early as ten o'clock at night filence prevails. 

 The fuburbs are far larger than the city itfelf. They are 

 adorned with a great number of fpacious gardens, and many 

 of the buildings occupy a large fpace of ground. They lie 

 round it, but are removed to the dillance of 500 or 600 com- 

 mon paces from the works of tlie fort. The line which in- 

 clofes them and extends on both fides to Leopoldlladt, was, 

 in the year 1794, thrown up againft the Hungarian rebels, 

 and afterwards lined with bricks, the gates and entries to it 

 being always kept by regular guards. Thcfe fuburbs lland 

 for the moll part under the jurifdi£lion of the town-council, 

 to whom an appeal lies from the fcntence of the judge and 

 his alTelTors, with which each fuburb is provided. Of them, 

 Leopoldlladt is the largell and chiefell. It lies next the 

 town, on an ifland in the Danube, being formerly called the 

 Jews' town; but the emperor Leopold, in 1670, having 

 driven that people from thence, it took its name from him. 

 It contains one parilh church, two cloifters, the old imperial 

 favorita, a citadel, which, in 1683, was mifcrably laid walle 

 by the Turks, and but a fmall part of it repaired ; together 

 with the adjoining extenfive au-garden, and many confider- 

 able fine houfes and gardens. On an idand in the Danube, 

 well planted with wood, is the Prater, or imperi.il park, and 

 to the S. is the chapel of Herenhartz, much frequented in 

 Vol. XXXVII. 



Lent for the fake of ainufement as well as of devotion. In 

 one of the fuburbs is the palace of Belvidere, which for- 

 merly belonged to prince Eugene ; and at the dillance of a 

 few miles Hands Schombrun, another imperial palace. The 

 garrifon of Vienna confifts of one regiment of foot. Pro- 

 vifions are brought to Vienna from the different parts of 

 Auftria, and otlier countries belonging to the emperor, in 

 the greatell plenty and variety. The police pays parti- 

 cular attention to the fupply of provifions, and often infpetts 

 the markets, and the weights and meafures of the dealers. 

 A modern traveller fays, he has fcen a fcore of wild hogs 

 and a dozen ilags in the game-market at the fame time, and 

 hares, literally, by cart-loads, with abundance of phcafants 

 and partridges. Every kind of bird feems to be an article 

 of food, and none rejefted ; hawks, jays, magpies, are 

 brought to market, and even the bulfinch and robin are not 

 fpared. The livers of geefe are efteemed a great delicacy ; 

 and in the fi(h-niarkct are found, with llurgi-oH, carp, pike, 

 tench, and trout, tortoifes, frogs, and fnails. The manu- 

 faftures of Vienna are numerous ; that of cotton on the 

 increafe, that of filk much regarded, and embroidery en- 

 couraged. The people of Vienna, upon the whole induf- 

 trious, excel in manufaftures of fteel, carriages of all forts, 

 filk, ribbands, harnefs, faddles, &c. The inland commerce, 

 carried on by the Danube, is not inconfiderable. The people 

 delight in the combats of wild beafts and of bulls. Vienna 

 owes its firfl. aggrandizement to Henry I. duke of Auftria, 

 who, about 1 142, made it the place of his refidence ; it was 

 then a town, and in 1158 was furrounded with walls. In 

 1 198 it obtained its municipal privileges, and was better 

 fortified. The mortality of this city is thought to be greater 

 than that of any other place in Europe ; and it is commonly 

 faid that one in twenty dies annually : a late traveller, Kutt- 

 ner, fuppofes the mortality much greater. Although 

 Vienna be much expofed to the N. and E. winds, yet tne 

 fouthern hills ferve as a fence againft the rain, fo that the 

 traveller rather complains of dull than of moifture. The 

 fummer heats, on account of its fituation in the midft of hills 

 and mountains, which coUeft much fnow and ice in winter, 

 laft only about two months, and in winter the cold is often 

 very fevere. The pleafantnefs of the environs is laid to be 

 much enhanced by the happy afpeCl of the Auftrian pea- 

 fantry of this city. The number of thofe who fall viiflims 

 to pulmonic difeafes is very large, and many have been 

 carried away by the fmall-pox, the ravages of which, it 

 is hoped, will be reftrained by the introdiiAion of the 

 praftice of inoculation for the cow-pox. The eftablilh- 

 ments for the relief of the fick are very numerous ; fuch 

 are the Great Hofpital, which in 1796 received i i,86o 

 patients ; and within its walls is contained a pathological 

 mufeum ; the hofpital for lying-in-women, which in the 

 above-mentioned year received 1904 women; the lunatic 

 hofpital, which in the fame year accommodated 261 infane 

 perfons ; a military hofpital ; and an hofpital for Jews, excel- 

 lently managed. The fuburbs of the town, according to a 

 fingular and ufeful iiiftitution founded by Leopold, arc 

 divided into eight diftrifts, each of which has its phyfician, 

 furgeon, and midwife, all paid by government, whofe oflicc 

 it is to vifit the poor at their own houfes. In the year alter 

 its eftablifhment this inftitution was extended to the whole 

 city. Another inftitution has the charge of difeaftd chihlren 

 under ten years of age. In 179611 w.is ordained, with a 

 view to the public health, that no new-built houfe (hould 

 be inhabited before the phyfician of the diilrift had ex- 

 amined whether the walls were fufficiently dry; 175 miles 

 S. of Prague. N. lat. 48'^ i.:?'. E. long. 16' 23'. 



Vienna, a port of entry and pod-town of the eafterii 

 Y fliorc 



