V I G 



V 1 G 



who wifh to acquaint themfelves with French hiftory. This 

 writer died in 1595. Moreri. 



Vjcjnier, Jerom, grandlon of the preceding, was born 

 at Blois in 1606. He was the fon of a Protellant miniller, 

 educated in that profeffion, and defigned tor the law ; but 

 in 1628 he abjured Calvinifm, and entered into the congre- 

 gation 'of the Oratory. He became fuperior of feveral 

 houfes in his fociety, and acquired high reputation for piety 

 as well as for extenllve erudition. He was more particularly 

 converfant with the oriental and other languages, with me- 

 dals and antiquities, and with the genealogy of the fovereign 

 houfes of Europe^ He died at St. Magliore, in Paris, in 

 1 66 1. His writings of various kinds were numerous. 

 Moreri. 



VIGNOLA, a name commonly given to James Ba- 

 Kozzi, from the place of his birth, a fmall town in the 

 duchy of Modena, an eminent arohiteft, was born in 1507 ; 

 and as he difcovered an early inclination for the arts, he 

 was fent for education to Bologna. From painting, to 

 which he was firll attached, he direfted his attention to 

 architcfture. By various defigns, upon the principles of 

 Vitruvius, fome of which he communicated to the hif- 

 toriaii Guicciardini, he acquired early reputation. With a 

 view to further improvement he went to Rome, and was 

 there admitted into the academy of defign, newly founded, 

 and employed by it in meafuring the moil celebrated remains 

 of antiquity. The abbate Primaticcio, who was fent to 

 Rome in 1537, by Francis I. of France, to procure defigns 

 of the ancient buildings and calls of flatues, availed liimfelf 

 of the affiftance of Vignola ; and on his return, took him to 

 France. After two years' refidence in France, he returned 

 to Bologna, and was employed in forming a plan for the 

 facade of the church of St. Petronius, which, through the 

 envy of his competitors, was not executed till fome years 

 afterwards. In and near this city he built fome palaces, 

 and conftrufted the canal of Naviglio, running thence to 

 Ferrara. Unduly recompenfed for this work, he went to 

 Placentia, and planned a palace for the duke of Parma. 

 After his return to Rome in 1550, he built feveral churches 

 there ; and by the intereft of Vafari, pope Julius HI. ap- 

 pointed him his architeft. For him he built a villa, and 

 near it the fmall church of St. Andrew, in form of an an- 

 cient temple ; and by his command he brought the Acqua 

 Vergine to Rome. After the death of Julius, he was em- 

 ployed by cardinal Alexander Farncfe in the conilruftion of 

 his magnificent palace or caftle of Caprarola ; and he had 

 alfo the charge of building the church belonging to the 

 profelTed houfc of Jofuits at Rome, which is an edifice of 

 extraordinary beauty and grandeur. I,t was raifed only to 

 the cornice before the death of Vignola, and finiflied by his 

 difciple James della Porta. After the deceafc of Michael 

 Angelo, Vignola was appointed to fucceed him as architetl 

 of St. Peter's, in conjunclion with Pirro Ligorio, a Nea- 

 politan. This engagement and his advanced age obliged 

 him to decline accepting an invitation from Philip II. to the 

 court of Spain. He was confulted, however, with regard 

 to the different plans given for the Efcurial ; and one which 

 he furnifhed was highly approved, though not adopted. 

 His other profofTional hibours were interrupted by a com- 

 miifion from Gregory XIII. to fettle the limits between 

 the territories of the ciiurch and thofe of the duke of Tuf- 

 cany ; which commiflion he executed to the pope's fatis- 

 faftion. Upon his return from this fervice, he was leized 

 with a fever, of which lie died in 1573, aged 66. His re- 

 mains were folemnly interred in the church of Sta Maria 

 della Rotunda, the ancient Pantheon. Vignola acquired 

 reputation as an author no Icfs than as a praftical artift. 



His " Rules for tlie five Orders of Architefturi" were 

 formed on the purell tafte of antiquity, and have been al- 

 ways reckoned clallical and original. This work has been 

 often reprinted, and tranflated into almoil all the European 

 languages. The French trandation, with the commentaries 

 of Daviler, is moll elleemed. Vignola alfo wrote a treatife 

 on " Praftical Perfpedlive," which has pafTcd through many 

 editions. Tirabofchi. D'Argenville. Gen. Biog. 



VIGNOLES, Alphonso de, a learned Protellant 

 miniller, was born in 1649 at Aubais, in Languedoc, and 

 received his education chiefly under domellic tutors; and 

 for the fludy of theology he went to Saumur. He offi- 

 ciated as miniller, firll at Aubais, and then at Cailar. On 

 the revocation of the edi6t of Nantes, in 1685, he removed 

 to Brandenburg, and ferved feveral churches for 14 years. 

 In 1 701 he was eledled a member of the Royal Academy 

 of Sciences at Berlin ; and in 1703, by the recommendation 

 of Leibnitz, the king ordered him to quit his church, and 

 reiide at Berlin, that he might be thus more ufeful to the 

 Academy. He preached, however, for fome years at a 

 church in the vicinity of Berlin. Upon the diftribution of 

 the members of the Academy into claffes, Vignoles was 

 placed firit in that of hiilorians, and afterwards in that of 

 mathematicians. In 1727 he was chofen direftor of the Royal 

 Academy, which poll he occupied with diftinguifhed re- 

 putation. He died in 1744, at the advanced age of 95. 

 He contributed a variety of effays and differtations on hif- 

 tory, chronology, and antiquities, to the " Bibliotheque 

 Germanique," the " Memoirs of the Berlin Academy," 

 and the " Hiiloire Critique de la Republique des Lettres." 

 His principal feparate work, the refult of labour and much 

 erudition, was " Chronologie de I'Hiftoire fainte, et des 

 Hifloires etrangeres qui la conccrnant, depuis la Sortie 

 d'Egyple jufqu'a la Captivitc de Babylon," Berhn, 1738, 

 2 vols. 4I0. Moreri. 



VIGNOLY, in Geography, a town of Naples, in Bafili. 

 cata ; 5 mils S.S.E. of Potenza. 



VIGNORY, a town of France, in the department of 

 the Upper Marne ; 10 miles S. of .Toinville. 



VIGNOT, a town of France, in the department of the 

 Meufe, on the Meufe ; 17 miles E. of Bar le Due. N. lat. 

 48° 46'. E. long. 5^41'. 



VIGNUOLA, or ViGNOi.A, a town of Italy, in the 

 department rjf the Panaro ; 15 miles S.E. of Modena. 



VIGNY, a town of France, in the department of the 

 Seine and Oife ; 8 miles W. of Pontoife. 



VIGO, Giovanni da, in Biography, an eminent fur- 

 geon, born in Genoa, and in 1503 invited to Rome by 

 pope Julius II. to be his firll furgeon. He alfo received a 

 conliderable penfion from the pope's nephew, cardinal della 

 Rovere. His work, entitled " Praftica in Arte Chirur- 

 gica copiofa," firll pubhllied at Rome in 15 14, folio, be- 

 came very popular, and was often reprinted. It is a very 

 full compendium of the art of furgery, (as then known and 

 praftifed,) and contains alfo a fyllem of an.itomy and of 

 materia medica, and was long regarded as a ftandard work. 

 Another of his works, entitled " Chirurgia Compendiofa," 

 15 17, is a kind of fummary of the former, and fome new 

 oblervations. Haller. Eloy. 



Vigo, in Geography, a fea-port town of Spain, in the 

 province of Galicia, liluated on a bay of the Atlantic, de- 

 fended by a fort on an eminence, but not capable of great 

 refiilance. It has alfo an old calUc, and ftaiida in a very 

 fruitful country. In 1589, Vigo was plundered by fir 

 Francis Drake. In 1702, the Englifli and Dutch fleets 

 forced their pafTage in, and made themfelves mailers of the 

 Spanifh plate-fleet, when jull returned from America. In 



J7'9. 



